George William Fullerton (Kurume 7, 1923 - Chikunguru 4, 2009) aive mubatsiri wenguva refu Leo Fender uye, pamwe fenda naDale Hyatt, muvambi we G&L Musical Instruments. Anorumbidzwa nemipiro yekugadzira iyo yakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwekutanga-yakagadzirwa yakasimba-muviri gitare remagetsi.
George Fullerton aive piyona wekuAmerica mugadziri wegitare uyo akabatsira kugadzira nekugadzirisa ruzha rwemazuva ano emagetsi magitare.
Magadzirirwo ake matsva, akadai seFullerton Stratocaster, yakasiya simba risingaperi panyika yemimhanzi nekuridzwa kwegitare. Asi ndiani chaizvo aive uyu nyanzvi yekuAmerica mugadziri wegitare?
Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora zvakadzama nezvehupenyu hwaGeorge Fullerton nebasa.
Mhedziso yaGeorge Fullerton
George Fullerton (1924-2009) aive mutambi wekuAmerica uye mutambi wegitare uyo akatanga Fender Musical Instruments Corporation muna 1946. Akashanda pamwe naLeo Fender naDon Randall, uye akaita basa rakakosha mukubudirira kwekambani iyi, kubva pakugadzira gitare reStratocaster. kuwedzera kusvika kwayo mumisika yepasi rose. Fullerton akagadzirawo Fender amplifiers uye makabati emukurukuri, pamwe nezviridzwa zvakaita segitare rekutanga remagetsi bass, iyo Precision Bass.
Fullerton akaberekerwa muLos Angeles, California uye aive neyakakura mimhanzi kumashure asati ajoinha mauto neFender. Akadzidza chemistry kuUCLA achishanda-nguva pazvitoro zvinogadzirisa redhiyo. Kuburikidza nechiitiko ichi akawana ruzivo rweinjiniya yemagetsi iyo yaakashandisa mukubatana kwake neFender. Fullerton aive munhu akakosha mukugadzira maamplifiers ainyanya kushandiswa nevaimbi vemazuva ano, magadzirirwo ake aigonesa kukwira kwemazinga aifambisa mataira emimhanzi yakakwidziridzwa yakakurumbira murock n roll.
Anozivikanwa nekutarisisa kwake kune zvakadzama, Fullerton akamisa chiyero chisingaperi chehunyanzvi mukati melutherie inotendwa nevatambi vazhinji nekuvapa zviridzwa zvinonyatsoburitsa inzwi ravaida uye nekukurudzira kutamba kwavo pachikuva pamwe nerekodhi. Seuchapupu hwekubudirira kwake uye kuzvipira kune kugona, zviridzwa zvakawanda zveFender zvinoramba zvichigadzirwa zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa naGeorge makore anopfuura makumi manomwe mushure mekunge vasikwa nhasi nyanzvi dzegitare dzinopika navo sezvakangoita makumi emakore vasati vasvika!
Upenyu Hwekutanga
George Fullerton aiva muimbi weAmerica uye muvambi anozivikanwa zvikuru nekugadzira gitare remagetsi reFender Stratocaster muna 1954. Akazvarwa muAnaheim, California, muna 1921, uduku hwaFullerton hwakanga huzere nemimhanzi uye kuvaka maredhiyo kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Aiwanzoshanyira chitoro chemimhanzi chomunzvimbomo kwaaigona kudzidzira uye kunzwa nziyo itsva dzakarekodhwa. Mumakore ekuma1940, akatanga kushanda naLeo Fender, muvambi weFender Music Corp, uye pamwe chete vakatanga kugadzira mamwe emhando dzekutanga dzegitare remagetsi.
George Fullerton akaberekerwa kupi uye rini?
George Fullerton akaberekwa musi waApril 25, 1902 muDecatur, Illinois. Baba vake, George Claud Fullerton, vaishanda semubhero wehotera yeko uye amai vake Grace Everingham vaiva amai vemba. Mhuri yakatamira kuLos Angeles muna 1910 George aine makore masere uye aive nefungidziro inoshanda kubva paudiki kwazvo. Ainyanya kufarira kutamba nemagetsi, sezvo vabereki vake vaimukurudzira kuita mabasa kunze kwechikoro. Sezvaaikura, kufarira kwaFullerton mumimhanzi nemagetsi kwakakura uye akavaka mandolin emagetsi ane tambo mbiri pazera remakore 13. Nechido chokuzvarwa nacho chekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kubva muzvinhu zvekare, chido chake cheinjiniya chakagadzirwa icho chaizobatsira kusikwa kwechimwe chezviridzwa zvinonyanya kufarirwa pasi rose-iyo Fender Stratocaster gitare.
Mhuri yake yakanga yakaita sei?
George Fullerton akaberekwa muna Gumiguru 26, 1950 muSouthern California. Vabereki vake, Moses naCarla Fullerton, vaive veChirungu neFrench dzinza, zvichiteerana. Baba vake vaiita bhizinesi rekuveza uye amai vake vaiita basa repamba. George aive nemukoma mukuru Arthur nevanin'ina vaviri, mapatya Charley naEugene.
Kukura George akapedza nguva yakawanda nevanin'ina vake vachivaka ndege dzemhando kubva kumapuranga ebhalsa mumusangano uyo baba vake vakamhanya kubva pasi peimba yavo yemhuri kwaakakurudzira muGeorge rudo rwekutenderera nezvinhu kuti zvive nani. Akatangawo kukoshesa mimhanzi nekuteerera marekodhi mukoma wake aiwanzouya kumba achibva kukoreji kwaaidzidza panguva iyoyo.
George aipinda Chikoro cheMonroe Elementary pakona kubva kwaakakurira ndokuzoenda kuGarfield Junior High School asati apedza kuLincoln High School. Munguva yeChikoro chesekondari, kufarira kwaGeorge musayenzi yemuviri kwakakura mushure mekuwana zvemagetsi pamwe chete nemakanika - akashandisa ruzivo urwu kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita seredhiyo nemasipika ezvitauriri apo aizvidzidzisa dzidziso yemimhanzi panguva yake yakasununguka.
Akatotanga kushanda kunze kwemba yake nekugadzirisa maamplifiers eshamwari pazera remakore gumi nemashanu! Mushure mekupedza chikoro chesekondari, Fullerton akaita sarudzo yekuisa pfungwa pakuita mimhanzi basa rake izvo zvakazoita kuti agadzire zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvake zvepasi izvo zvakashandura nzira inogadzirwa magitare nhasi.
Dzidzo yake yaiva yei?
George Fullerton aive shasha akazvidzidzisa zvekugadzira nehunyanzvi. Kukurira kumaruwa eOntario, akawana nyaradzo mukutamba nemichina nemagetsi. Hobby iyi yakakurumidza kushanduka kuita chido chake, uye akatanga kunyatsoongorora tekinoroji yemagitare emagetsi.
Pazera ramakore gumi nemana, Fullerton akatama kubva kuOntario achienda kuCalifornia pakuraira kwababa vake ndokuenda kuLaguna Beach High School. Achitevera chikoro chesekondari, akapfuurira kuenda kuStanford University kwaakawana dhigirii mukugadzira magetsi muna 14. Akazosunungurwa kubva mubasa rechiuto nekuda kwehutano hwemwoyo, zvichimubvumira kuisa pfungwa pakuda kwake kukura kwegitare teknolojia.
Fullerton akatanga kushanda seinjiniya ane maindasitiri edziviriro akasiyana-siyana munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, asi izvi zvakazopedzisira zvadzokororwa mukuita kwake gitare tech obsession sezvo chubhu amplifiers nezvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi zvakatanga kutenderera zvakanyanya pakati pevaimbi. Mushure mekunge hondo yapera, Fullerton akafunga kuita basa semugadziri akazvimiririra uyo anonyanya kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvevaimbi. Imwe yezvigadzirwa izvi yaizoenderera mberi nekushandura nhoroondo yemimhanzi zvachose: iyo Fender Electric Guitar!
basa rekuita
George Fullerton aive piyona ainjiniya wemagetsi aishandira Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Anozivikanwa nekugadzira iyo iconic Fender Stratocaster gitare, uye zvimwe zvipo zvake kukambani iyi zvinosanganisira iyo inoputsa Fender Precision Bass uye Amplifier. Basa raFullerton raive rakazvipira kutsvagisa nekugadzira nzira dziri nani dzekushandisa tekinoroji yegitare remagetsi. Aive zvakare nebasa rekugadzira yekutanga yakasimba muviri gitare remagetsi muna 1950.
Ndeipi yaive nzira yake yebasa?
George Fullerton aive nebasa refu uye rinonakidza, kutanga pazera rechidiki regumi neshanu paakapinda muUnited States Navy. Mushure merwendo rwemakore mana, akaenderera mberi nedzidzo uye akapinda mumunda weinjiniya yemagetsi uye akawana zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvine chekuita nebasa rake.
Seinjiniya, akashandira akati wandei makambani kwaakawana ruzivo mune akasiyana siyana einjiniya, kubva pakugadzira magetsi kusvika kune electromechanical design. Chiitiko chake chebasa chakazoita kuti abatane nevainjiniya veFender Electric Instruments Company muFullerton, California. KuFender, George akaita chikamu chakakosha mukugadzira magitare emagetsi uye maamplifiers evamwe vaimbi vemimhanzi vakanyanya panguva yedu vakaita saEric Clapton.
George akagara neFender kusvika 1964 asati asarudza kutevera zvimwe zvido zvakadai sekuva purofesa paFullerton College kwaakadzidzisa zvidzidzo zveacoustics uye zvemagetsi kweanopfuura makore gumi nematatu kusvika pamudyandigere muna 1977. Munguva iyi George akaramba achishanda nezviridzwa zvemimhanzi kutanga mapikicha emimhanzi anobatsira vanoridza magitare pasi rese nhasi.
Injiniya ane mukurumbira akashaya musi waMbudzi 29th 2008 aine makore makumi masere nemashanu mudiki mushure mekusiya nhoroondo kumashure iyo yakanganisa vanhu vazhinji kwemakumi emakore akawanda nenzira dzakasiyana kuburikidza nehukuru hwaakaita seinjiniya yemagetsi.
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvezvaakaita zvinooneka?
George Fullerton anowanzo kupihwa mbiri nekugadzira mamwe emagitare anoremekedzwa zvikuru pasi rose. Akatanga semudzidzi paFender muna 1945 uye aizoramba ariko kweinoda kusvika hafu yezana, achizokwira kuva mutevedzeri wemutungamiri uye maneja mukuru.
Munguva yake paFender, Fullerton akagadzira akawanda ane mukurumbira emidziyo mamodheru akaenderera mberi nekugadzira ruzha rwemimhanzi yakakurumbira kwemakumi emakore. Akagadzira yekutanga yakabudirira yakasimba-muviri gitare remagetsi, achiunza zvinhu zvakaita sematruss rods uye mamwe macontours akasununguka ayo akabvisa zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvezviridzwa zvemagetsi zvekutanga. Basa rake rakaisa zvakasimba mwero uyo vamwe vagadziri vaigona kuzviyera nawo vamene.
Fullerton akaisa hwaro hwakawanda hwemhando dzemazuva ano dzekugadzira nehunyanzvi hwake hwekugadzira paaibatsira kukwenenzvera magadzirirwo ekutanga aLeo Fender kuita zvidimbu zvemifananidzo zvakaita seMustang, Bronco uye Musicmaster magitare. Kubudirira kwake kukuru kwaive kugadzira zvitanhatu-mu-mutsara wemusoro-utsva waibvumira vagadziri kuti vagadzire zviri nyore kuburitsa zviridzwa izvi zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya pasina kukanganisa chitarisiko chavo kana hunhu.
Iyi modhi yakagadziridzwa yakakurumidza kupihwa rezinesi pachena nemakambani mazhinji, akadai saGretsch naRickenbacker, vakaishandisa sepuratifomu kwavaigona kuvaka zviridzwa zvavo zvichibva pamisimboti yaFullerton yekuvandudza kutamba uye kutendeka kwe tonal.
Pamusoro pekuva nebasa rekugadzira hunyanzvi hweFender Guitars, Fullerton akanyora akati wandei zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi nezve kuvaka gitare uye akanyora zvinyorwa zvekuraira zvese zvevatambi vane hunyanzvi uye vanoshuvira hobbyists zvakafanana. Kunyanya kukosha, akanyora "Guitar Player Repair Guide" (1977), "The Fender Telecaster: History & Development" (1992) uye "Guitar Player Repair Guide Vhoriyamu 2: Magitare eMagetsi - Complete Guide To Setup And Maintenance" (2005). George Fullerton akabatsirawo mukutanga masangano maviri asiri emimhanzi akazvipira kudzidzo: The International Academy of Design & Technology (yaimbova LACTI) muLa Jolla, CA; Uye Eclipse Aviation yeAlbuquerque New Mexico - Kambani Ikozvino Inogadzira Majeti Akareruka Panguva Imwe chete Kugadzira Pilot Yekudzidzisa Software Inoshandiswa NeZvikoro Zvendege Mhiri kweAmerica Nepasirese.
Nhaka
George Fullerton aive shasha yekuridza gitare remagetsi, achigadzira mamwe emhando yezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri. Zvisikwa zvake zvine mukurumbira zvaive Fender Stratocaster neTelecaster magitare, ese ari maviri anotungamira madhizaini. Aizivikanwa zvakare nekuda kwemumhanzi nesainzi, izvo zvakamukurudzira kugadzira zvimwe zvezviridzwa zvine simba zvakanyanya munhoroondo yedombo uye roll. Ngatinyatsoongorora nhaka yake.
Ndedzipi dzakanga dziri mimwe yemipiro yake inokosha zvikurusa?
George Fullerton inyanzvi munhoroondo yemimhanzi uye gitare engineering. Akagadzira gitare reFender Stratocaster, rimwe remagitare anozivikanwa emagetsi enguva dzese. Akagadzirawo The Fender Precision Bass, yekutanga kunetsa yemagetsi bass gitare.
Iyo Stratocaster inyanzvi yemimhanzi inoramba ichishandiswa nevaimbi vemazuva ano uye aficionados zvakafanana. Yakave ichionekwa kwezvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana mumhanzi marongero, kusanganisira rock, jazz, nyika uye blues uye yave chiratidzo chechiratidzo kune vese vanotsvaga yavo chaiyo ruzha.
Mumwe mupiro mukuru waFullerton kunyika yemimhanzi yaive The Fender Precision bass, izvo zvakaita kuti agadzire mamwe mabhesi akati wandei muhupenyu hwake hwese kuFender senge Jazz bass, P-Bass (Precision Bass) uye Mustang bass. Imwe neimwe yemhando idzi yakapa vatambi dzimwe sarudzo maererano nehunyanzvi hwekuita pamazinga akasiyana ebhajeti. Nhasi zviridzwa izvi zviri kushandiswa nevaimbi vane mukurumbira pasi rose vachitsvaga kukwidziridzwa kwematoni mumatambiro avo.
Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki George Fullerton akatisiya tine pfungwa dzinoverengeka dzaakaunza kuhupenyu mukati memakore ake e25 ekutonga neFender Music Corporation; imwe iri bhiriji re tremolo iro rinonatsiridza kurira kwezviridzwa zvine tambo semagetsi magitare uye violin ye universal vibrato control - iyi yave kuzivikanwa seThe Mexican Standard nhasi mumhando dzakawanda dzakatenderedza akakwidziridzwa tambo zviridzwa nhasi senge classical magitare nezvimwe…
Kunze kwemabasa ake makuru ataurwa pamusoro, George Fullerton akabatsira zvakanyanya kune akawanda akasiyana maitiro ekuvaka magitare sekupa bhaudhi-pamitsipa inopokana nekufa yakanamirwa mitsipa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pezvisingaverengeki dhizaini dhizaini uchishanda kuFender izvo zvinoita kuti zvizivikanwe kusvika nhasi zvichitipa. manzwi akajairwa akachengetwa ari mupenyu kwemakumi emakore achipesvedzera chero azvino amplifier kana stomp box yakagadzirwa kubva ipapo kusanganisira flanging/phase/compression lighting up amplifiers channel switching! Zvese izvi zvinosimbisa chiridzwa chakanyanya kudzika kana chinoridzwa pachikuva chega chega chaungafungidzira pasi rese chichipa manzwi emhando yatichiri kunakidzwa nanhasi!
Basa rake rakakanganisa sei indasitiri yegitare?
George Fullerton, akaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1, 1923, munhu akakosha muindasitiri yegitare. Basa rake naLeo Fender uye Fender Musical Instruments rakagadzira akawanda eiyo iconic Fender modhi ichiri kufarirwa nhasi.
Fullerton akashanda naLeo Fender muna 1946 kugadzira mamwe magitare ane mukurumbira uye amplifiers akamboitwa neFender Musical Instruments. Pakati pezvavakagadzira pane Telecaster, Precision Bass, Stratocaster uye Jazzmaster. Mipiro yevaviri ava haina kungoshandura ruzha rwemazuva ano rwekuridza gitare asi zvakare yakatanga chiridzwa chakagadzirwa-zhinji icho chaigonesa vatambi vemagitare kuti vapinde mumakwikwi enyanzvi zviri nyore kupfuura nakare kose.
Kukanganisa kwekugadzirwa kwaFullerton neFender kuchiri kunzwika nhasi muindasitiri yese yemimhanzi. Vatambi vemarudzi ese vanoda basa ravo, kusanganisira jazz, rock & roll uye blues vatambi vanoshandisa magitare aya zvakanyanya mumitambo yavo. Mazana evatambi pasi rese anoshandisa Telecasters neStratocasters sechikamu chemidziyo yavo yakajairwa pavanenge vachiridza mhenyu kana kurekodha mumastudio. Magitare anosaina akagadzirwa kunyanya kuvatambi vane mukurumbira akaenderera mberi nekuburitswa kubva mamodheru avo ekutanga akagadzirwa kare muna 1946, zvichiratidza kuti magadzirirwo aFullerton naFaulkner aive mberi.
Kubudirira kukuru kunofarirwa neveFender zviridzwa kunobva muchiratidzo chaGeorge Fullerton chemhando nyowani yechiridzwa chinogona kusvika pachikamu chemusika chakakura kupfuura nakare kose kune chero mutambi wegitare kana mumhanzi wechitoro. Imhaka yekuedza kwake kuti mamirioni pasi rese ave varidzi veAmpeg amplifier vane shungu pamwe neTelecaster kana Stratocaster mafani - dai pasina hunyanzvi hwake makore makumi manomwe apfuura, hapana chimwe cheizvi chingagoneke nhasi!
mhedziso
George Fullerton aive mumwe weakanyanya kukosha kukambani yeFender gitare pasirese. Akaita chikamu chakakosha mukugadzira nekusimudzira gitare rakakurumbira reStratocaster, uye pesvedzero yake inogona kuonekwa mumagitare akawanda ari kushandiswa nevaimbi nhasi. Kuzvipira kwake, kusika uye kuda kwake kwaishamisa uye kwakasiya nhaka inogara muindasitiri yegitare. Muchikamu chino tichatarisa hupenyu hwaGeorge Fullerton uye nekusingaperi maitiro aakaita munyika yemimhanzi.
Pfupiso yehupenyu hwaGeorge Fullerton nebasa
George Fullerton akaberekerwa muAkron, Ohio muna 1922. Akatamira kuSeattle Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga. Akashanda semugadziri wemagetsi muNavy munguva yehondo uye akakudza hunyanzvi hwake nemagetsi nemagetsi. Mushure mehondo, akaenda kune iyo nhasi kuYunivhesiti yeWashington uye akawana dhigirii muinjiniya yemagetsi, ichiteverwa nedhigirii ra master kubva kuCalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Ruzivo rwaFullerton nezvemagetsi, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwake hwesainzi nehuinjiniya, zvakaita kuti ave mutsigiri anotsvakwa. Zvimwe zvine mukurumbira, Fullerton anozivikanwa semumwe wevatambi vekutanga Leo Fender kuFender Electric Instruments Company. Iye, Clif 'Mr.Tremolo' Wineright, naDoc Kauffman vakagadzira imwe yekutanga dhizaini yegitare remagetsi uye vakagadzira yavo yega shanduro mushure mekuisa muFender. Pamusoro peiyi mipiro mikuru kunhoroondo yemimhanzi, Fullerton akashandawo pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa senge amplifiers, pre-amps uye mapikicha emagetsi ezviridzwa zvemimhanzi.
Fullerton akanakidzwa nekubudirira pazvose Fender uye gare gare kuRandall Smith's G&L Guitars kwemakumi emakore asati afa nekuda kwekenza muna Ndira 10th 2002; akanga ane makore 79 okukura. Nhaka yake semugadziri inogona kuonekwa mune zvakawanda zvemazuva ano kugadzirwa kwemimhanzi kubva kumidziyo yekurira kusvika kumakombiyuta pamwe nekuremekedzwa Posthumously neNAMM (National Association Music Merchants). George Fullerton zvechokwadi akachinja nzira yemimhanzi nhoroondo nemazano ake & hutsva; kwete chete kuburikidza nemagitare asi kuburikidza neamps & zvimwe zvinonzwika zvinoridzika zvinobatsira kugadzira ruzha rune simba rwatichiri kunakidzwa nanhasi.
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
