Leo Fender, akaberekwa Clarence Leonidas Fender muna 1909, nderimwe remazita ane simba munhoroondo yemagitare.
Akagadzira akati wandei ezviridzwa zvinoumba ibwe repakona remazuva ano emagetsi gitare dhizaini.
Magitare ake anoisa toni yekuchinja kwedombo uye roll kure neacoustic, tsika dzechinyakare uye blues kuenda kune ruzha, kukanganisa kwakazadzwa ruzha.
Maitiro ake pamimhanzi achiri kunzwika nhasi nemamiriyoni pasi rese uye zvisikwa zvake zvichiri kutsvakwa zvakanyanya nevateresi.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatarisa mamodheru ake makuru egitare uye makambani aaitarisira pamwe nekukanganisa kwaakaita mimhanzi yezviridzwa netsika zvakazara.
Tichatanga nekutarisa kambani yake yekutanga - fenda Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC), yakavambwa muna 1946 apo akabatanidza zvikamu zvegitare kuita azere emagetsi gitare mapakeji. Akazoumba mamwe makambani akati wandei kusanganisira Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Music Man, G&L Mimhanzi Zviridzwa, FMIC Amplifiers uye Proto-Sound Electronics. Pesvedzero yake inogona kutoonekwa mumabhureki echizvino-zvino ezvitoro seSuhr Custom Guitars & Amplifiers vanoshandisa mamwe magadzirirwo ake ekutanga nhasi kuti vagadzire mutsauko wavo pamitambo yekare.
Makore ekutanga aLeo Fender
Leo Fender aive shasha uye mumwe weakanyanya kupesvedzera nhamba mumimhanzi uye gitare nhoroondo. Akazvarwa muCalifornia muna 1909, akatanga kutamba nemagetsi achiri kuenda kuchikoro chepakati uye munguva pfupi akazova nechido chekushanda nemaamplifaya emimhanzi nemimwe midziyo. Pakutanga kwebasa rake, Leo Fender akagadzira amplifier yaakadana kuti Fender Radio Service, uye ichi chaive chekutanga chigadzirwa chaakatengesa. Izvi zvakateverwa nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvegitare izvo zvaizopedzisira zvave mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira munyika.
Kuberekwa uye Upenyu Hwekutanga
Leo Fender aive mumwe we vagadziri vezviridzwa zvemimhanzi, kusanganisira gitare remagetsi uye yakasimba muviri electric bass. Akazvarwa saClarence Leonidas Fender muna 1909, akazoshandura zita rake kuti Leo nekuda kwekuvhiringidzika pamusoro pemataurirwo. Paaiva jaya, akatanga mabasa akawanda painogadzira redhiyo uye akatengesa zvinyorwa kuti atengese magazini. Yakanga isiri iyo kusvika paakavamba Fender Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC) muna 1945 kuti akawana mukurumbira pasi rose nekuzivikanwa.
Magitare eFender akashandura mimhanzi yakakurumbira ine ruzha rwakakwidziridzwa rwakakwikwidzana nezviridzwa, kunyangwe 1945 isati yasvika kusimudzira chiridzwa chine magetsi kwaisanzwika. Fender akabva kuseri kwevashandi vemumigodhi yemarasha vekuItaly vakagara muCalifornia uye semumwe munhu akaoneswa mimhanzi yekutanga yeNyika-Western uye aine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hazvishamise kuti zita rake rine kukosha kwakadaro mumimhanzi yakakurumbira nhasi.
Yekutanga gitare modhi yakagadzirwa naLeo Fender yaive Esquire Telecaster iyo yaigona kunzwika pane zvese zvakakurumbira kurekodha kusvika 1976 apo FMIC yakatumira anopfuura mamirioni mashanu mayunitsi! Iyo Esquire yakashanduka kuita Nhepfenyuro, ndokuzozivikanwa seTelecaster yakakurumbira nhasi - zvese nekuda kwekutanga kwaLeo Fender. Muna 1951; akashandura mimhanzi yepop neyemunyika zvakare nekusuma yatinoziva seyakanyanya Stratocaster modhi iyo yakaridzwa nevaimbi vasingaverengeki vane mukurumbira kwezvizvarwa kubva payakapinda muzvitoro! Zvimwe zvakabudirira zvinosanganisira kugadzira G&L Mimhanzi Zvigadzirwa muna 1980 uchishandisa mapikicha ane yakakwira kuburitsa kupfuura zvakamboonekwa zvakatanga kufambira mberi kutsva kwekusimudzira mutsindo mukati metsika dzakakurumbira!
Basa Rokutanga
Leonard "Leo" Fender akaberekwa musi waNyamavhuvhu 10, 1909 muAnaheim, California uye akapedza mazhinji emakore ake ekutanga achishanda muOrange County. Akatanga kugadzira maredhiyo nezvimwe zvinhu achiri jaya uye akatogadzira kabati yegiramufomu yekuchinja pazera remakore 16.
Muna 1938 Fender akawana patent yake yekutanga yeLap Steel Guitar, yaive yekutanga-yakagadzirwa yakawanda-gitare remagetsi rine mapikicha akavakirwa-mukati. Chigadzirwa ichi chakaisa hwaro hwezviridzwa zvakaita kuti mimhanzi yakasimudzwa igoneke, semagetsi akasimba emuviri, mabhesi uye amplifiers.
Fender akasarudza kutarisa chete nezvekugadzirwa kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi muna 1946 paakatanga The Fender Electric Instrument Company. Iyi kambani yakaona kubudirira kwakawanda, kwakadai seEsquire (iyo yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti Nhepfenyuro); iyi yaive imwe yemagitare emagetsi ekutanga akabudirira pasi rose.
Munguva yake pakambani iyi, Fender yakagadzira mamwe emhando dzegitare dzakanyanya kugadzirwa dzakaita seTelecaster neStratocaster uye amps ane mukurumbira seBassman neVibroverb. Akagadzirawo mamwe makambani akadai seG&L ayo akagadzira mamwe magadzirirwo ake matsva; zvisinei hapana mumwe weava akararama kuti aone kubudirira kukuru mushure mekunge avatengesa panguva yekusagadzikana kwemari muna 1965.
Leo Fender's Guitar Innovations
Leo Fender aive mumwe wevagadziri vegitare vane simba muzana ramakore rechi20. Zvigadzirwa zvake zvakashandura nzira iyo magitare emagetsi nemabhesi aigadzirwa nekuridzwa, uye magadzirirwo ake achiri kuonekwa nhasi. Aive nebasa kune akati wandei iconic gitare modhi uye makambani. Ngatinyure mune izvo zvaive izvo.
Fender Nhepfenyuro / Telecaster
Iyo Fender Nhepfenyuro uye mutsivi wayo, iyo Telecaster, magitare emagetsi akatanga kugadzirwa naLeo Fender. Nhepfenyuro, yakatanga kuburitswa kune veruzhinji muna 1950 se "Fender's revolutionary new electric Spanish gitare" yaive yekutanga kubudirira pasi rose yakasimba-muviri gitare remagetsi eSpanish. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutanga kugadzirwa kweNhepfenyuro kwakaganhurirwa kumayuniti angangosvika makumi mashanu chete kusati kwamiswa mushure menguva pfupi nekuda kwekuvhiringidzika kwakakonzerwa nezita rayo kupokana nezvigubhu zvaGretsch 'Broadkaster'.
Gore rakatevera, mukupindura kuvhiringidzika kwemusika uye nyaya dzemutemo naGretsch, Fender akachinja zita rechiridzwa kubva ku "Nhepfenyuro" kuita "Telecaster," iyo yakave yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya seyakajairwa indasitiri yemagitare emagetsi. Muchimiro chayo chepakutanga, chaive nechimiro chemuviri chakagadzirwa kubva mumadota kana matanda emualder — hunhu hwekugadzira nanhasi. Yakanga iine maviri-single-coil pickups (mitsipa nebhiriji), matatu mapfundo (master vhoriyamu, master toni uye pre-set pickup selector) kune imwe magumo emuviri uye matatu-saddle tambo kuburikidza nemhando yebhiriji kune imwe magumo. Kunyangwe isingazivikanwe tekinoroji yakaomesesa kana tonal hunhu, Leo Fender akaona kugona kukuru mune iri nyore dhizaini dhizaini yakagara isingachinjiki pamusoro pemakore makumi matanhatu gare gare. Aiziva kuti aive nechimwe chinhu chakakosha neiyi musanganiswa wemakoiri maviri akatarisana neruzha rwepakati mukuwedzera kune kureruka uye kugona kwayo zvichiita kuti itaridzike kune vese vatambi zvisinei nedanho retarenda kana bhajeti.
Fender Stratocaster
Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa emagetsi gitare dhizaini munyika ndeye Fender Stratocaster. Yakagadzirwa naLeo Fender, yakaunzwa muna 1954 uye yakakurumidza kuve chiridzwa chechiratidzo. Pakutanga yakagadziridzwa seyakagadziridzwa kuTelecaster, chimiro chemuviri weStratocaster yakapa yakagadziridzwa ergonomics kune vese vari kuruboshwe-uye-kurudyi vatambi, pamwe nekupa akasiyana tonal mbiri.
Mamiriro egitare iri anosanganisira matatu ega ega mapikicha ayo anogona kugadziridzwa akazvimirira nenzwi rakasiyana uye vhoriyamu knobs, vibrato bhiriji system (inozivikanwa se tremolo bar nhasi), uye yakawiriraniswa tremolo system yaibvumira vatambi kuti vawane manzwi akasiyana zvichienderana nekuti sei. vakashandisa maoko avo kuzvibata. Iyo Stratocaster yaivewo yakakurumbira kune yayo slim mutsipa profiles, ichibvumira vatambi kuve nekutonga kukuru pamusoro peruoko rwavo runoshungurudza.
Maitiro emuviri wegitare iri ave nemukurumbira pasi rose, nemakambani mazhinji ari kugadzira magitare emagetsi eStratocaster nhasi. Yakaridzwa nevaimbi vasingaverengeki mumhando dzakasiyana siyana munhoroondo yese kusanganisira rockers vakaita saEric Clapton naJeff Beck kusvika kumagitare ejazz saPat Metheny naGeorge Benson.
Fender Precision Bass
Iyo Fender Precision Bass (inowanzopfupikiswa kuita "P-Bass") imhando yemabhasi emagetsi anogadzirwa neFender Musical Instruments Corporation. The Precision Bass (kana kuti "P-Bass") yakatangwa muna 1951. Yaiva yekutanga yakabudirira zvikuru mabhesi emagetsi uye yakaramba ichizivikanwa kusvikira nhasi, kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvakashanduka uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira munhoroondo yayo.
Leo Fender akagadzira iyo iconic Precision Bass kuti iratidze pickguard iyo yakachengetedza magetsi ayo asina kusimba, pamwe nekucheka kwakadzika kwakavandudza kupinda kwemaoko kune yakakwirira frets. Iyo P-Bass zvakare yaisanganisira imwe-coil pickup iyo yaichengeterwa imba yesimbi, ichiwedzera kusimba uye ruzha rwemhando uku ichidzikisawo ruzha rwemagetsi rwunogadzirwa nekurira kwechiridzwa. Iyi dhizaini yakave yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji, nevamwe vagadziri vachisanganisa akafanana mapikicha ekugadzira uye zvemagetsi mumagitare avo.
Chinhu chinotsanangudza chepre-CBS Fender Precision Bass rakanga riri bhiriji rine masadhi ega ega anofambiswa, asina kurongeka paatumirwa kubva kuFender uye saka zvaida kugadziriswa nenyanzvi ane ruzivo; izvi zvaibvumira kududzira kwakaringana kupfuura kuya kwaipiwa kuburikidza nemitoo yemuchina chete. Gare gare modhi dzakaunzwa mushure mekunge CBS yatenga Fender yakapa akawanda tambo sarudzo uye Blender maseketi achibvumira vatambi kusanganisa kana kusanganisa mapikicha ematoni akasiyana. Pamusoro pezvo, mamodheru anozotevera anogona kuwanikwa akashongedzerwa nemagetsi anoshanda senge anoshanda / asingaiti toggle switch kana anochinjika EQ madhiraivha ekugonesa-tuning toni kugadzirisa kugona pachikuva kana mu studio marongero.
Fender Jazzmaster
Yakatanga kuburitswa muna 1958, iyo Fender Jazzmaster yaive imwe yemhando yekupedzisira yakagadzirwa naLeo Fender asati atengesa kambani yake yemazita uye akaenderera mberi nekutsvaga mhando yegitare reMusic Man. Iyo Jazzmaster yakapa huwandu hwekufambira mberi, kusanganisira mutsipa wakapamhama kupfuura zvimwe zviridzwa zvenguva iyoyo. Iyo yakaratidzawo yakaparadzana lead uye rhythm maseketi, pamwe neyakagadziridza tremolo ruoko dhizaini.
Panyaya ye toni uye kunzwa, iyo Jazzmaster yaive yakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mamwe mamodheru mumutsara weFender-inotamba inopenya kwazvo uye yakavhurika manotsi pasina kupa kudziya kana hupfumi. Izvi zvaive zvakatosiyana nevakazvitangira vakaita seJazz Bass (tambo ina) uye Precision Bass (tambo mbiri) yaive neruzha rwakaremerwa nekurebesa. Nekudaro, kana ichienzaniswa nevanin'ina vayo seStratocaster neTelecaster, yaive nemhando dzakasiyana siyana nekuda kwehupamhi hwesarudzo dzematoni.
Iyo nyowani dhizaini yakaratidza kusimuka kubva kuFender yekutanga modhi iyo yaive yakatetepa frets, kureba kureba uye mayunifomu ebhiriji zvimedu. Nekutamba kwayo kuri nyore uye kukwidziridzwa hunhu, yakakurumidza kuve yakakurumbira pakati pemabhendi esurf muCalifornia aida kudhindisa ruzha rwe "surf" nemazvo kupfuura zvaigona kuitwa nevairarama navo mumarudzi nemagitare echinyakare panguva iyoyo.
Nhaka yakasiiwa nekugadzirwa kwaLeo Fender ichiri kushanda nanhasi pakati pemhando dzakawanda dzinosanganisira indie rock/ pop punk/ yakazvimirira Alternative pamwe neinoridza rock/ progressive metal/ jazz fusion vatambi zvakafanana.
Leo Fender Makore Akatevera
Kutanga mukutanga kwema1960, Leo Fender akatanga nguva yekugadzira magitare matsva nemabhesi. Kunyangwe akange achiri mukuru weFender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC), akatanga kutora chinzvimbo chepamusoro mukushanda kwezuva nezuva kwekambani apo vashandi vake, vakadai saDon Randall naForrest White, vakatora zvakawanda zve. bhizinesi. Zvakangodaro, Fender yakaramba iri munhu ane pesvedzero munyika yegitare nebass. Ngatitarisei mamwe emhando nemakambani aakange achitarisira mumakore ake akazotevera.
G&L Guitars
Leo Fender aive nebasa remhando yemagitare akagadzirwa nekambani yake G&L (George & Leo) Musical Instruments (yakavambwa mukupera kwema1970s). Magadzirirwo ekupedzisira eFender akaunzwa kuG&L akatarisana nekuvandudzwa kweTelecaster, Stratocaster, uye mamwe madhizaini emhando. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive mutsara wakakura wezviridzwa zvaisanganisira mamodheru akasarudzika akadai seS-500 Stratocaster, Music Man Reflex bass gitare, Comanche uye Manta Ray magitare pamwe nekuiswa kwezviridzwa zvisiri zvegitare zvinosanganisira mandolin nemagitare esimbi.
Magitare eG&L akagadzirwa aine mukurumbira wake wemhando uye airatidza madota kana mitumbi yealder ine tinted polyester finishes, bolt-pamepu mitsipa, rosewood zvigunwe zveminwe zvakabatanidzwa nemapikicha akagadzirwa senge maviri coil humbuckers; Vintage Alnico V pickups. Hunhu hwepamusoro hwekugadzira hwakadai se21 frets pane makumi maviri nembiri zviri mukati meiyo Leo's dhizaini uzivi - yemhando yepamusoro pamusoro pehuwandu. Akafarirawo zvimiro zvechinyakare kwete kufambira mberi kwaive kwabva nevamwe vagadziri vemagitare vachitsvaga ruzha nezvitayera zvitsva.
G&L yakave inoremekedzwa nekuda kwematoni ayo anopenya akabatanidzwa nekukatyamadza kusimudzira, kutamba kusingaite kwakakwidziridzwa nekufambira mberi kwemazuva ano sevhiri retrussrod riri pasi pefretboard iro raibvumira vatambi kugadzirisa kushushikana kwemutsipa vari vega pane kuvimba nekugadzirisa. luthier. Unhu uhwu hwakaita kuti G&L ive nemukurumbira pakati penyanzvi dzegitare uye vamwe vachitsvaga mamwe emhando yepamusoro pelette parwendo rwavo rwekuridza gitare.
Sravana Sameeralu Serial XNUMXth Music Man
Mukati memakore a1971 na1984, Leo Fender aive nebasa rekugadzira mhando dzakasiyana kuburikidza neMusic Man. Izvi zvaisanganisira modhi seStingRay bass uye magitare akadai seSabre, Marauder, uye Silhouette. Akagadzira zvose zviridzwa izvi asi mazuva ano kune mimwe misiyano yakawanda iripo.
Leo akapa Mumhanzi weMumhanzi neimwe nzira kune yechinyakare chitarisiko chake nekushandisa radical zvitayera zvemuviri mutsva mukugadzira kwake. Kunze kwechitarisiko chavo, chinhu chakakosha chakaita kuti vazivikanwe yaive toni inopenya nekuda kwemiviri yehuni inopenya uye mitsipa yemepu zvichienzaniswa neyekare inorema Fender dhizaini.
Imwe yemapiro akakosha eFender kuMusic Man aive mazano ake pamusoro pekuchinja uye kutora masisitimu. Zviridzwa zvenguva iyoyo zvaingove nenzvimbo nhatu dzepikicha kana zvichienzaniswa neanhasi shanu chinja zviridzwa pazviridzwa zvemazuva ano. Leo akapayonawo madhizaini "asina ruzha" akabvisa hum yakabatana nemamwe mapikicha akakwira-achigadzirisa nyaya dzakagadzikana dzinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwetambo panguva yekutamba.
Leo aizopedzisira atengesa chikamu chake mukambani nemari yakawanda achicherechedza kubudirira kukuru mumakore iwayo asati asiya Music Man muna 1984 apo CBS yakatora hutori hwese.
Mamwe Makambani
Muma1940, ma1950 nema1960, Leo Fender akagadzira zviridzwa zvemakambani akati wandei anozivikanwa. Akashanda nemazita akasiyana, anosanganisira G&L (George Fullerton Guitars uye Basses) uye Music Man (kubva ku1971).
G&L yakavambwa muna 1979 apo Leo Fender akasiya basa kubva kuCBS-Fender. Panguva iyoyo G&L yaizivikanwa segitare luthier. Zviridzwa zvavakagadzira zvaive zvichibva pane zvakamboitika Fender dhizaini asi zvine magadzirirwo ekuvandudza ruzha rwemhando. Vakagadzira magitare emagetsi uye mabhesi mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana ane zvese zvemazuva ano uye zvemhando yepamusoro. Magitare mazhinji ane mukurumbira akashandisa modhi yeG&L sezviridzwa zvavo zvemimhanzi zvinosanganisira Mark Morton, Brad Paisley naJohn Petrucci.
Imwe kambani iyo Fender ine pesvedzero paMumhanzi Man. Muna 1971 Leo akashanda naTom Walker, Sterling Bhora uye Forest White kugadzira mamwe emagitare ekambani ebhesi seStingRay Bass. Pakazosvika 1975, Music Man yakatanga kuwedzera chiyero kubva kumabhesi chete kuti ibatanidze magitare emagetsi ayo aitengeswa kune vatengi vakasiyana pasi rese. Zviridzwa izvi zvairatidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvakaita semepu mitsipa yekuvandudza kuchengetedza uye kurerutsira kune vatambi vanofarira kukurumidza kutamba maitiro. Vaimbi vane hunyanzvi vakashandisa magitare eMumhanzi Man vanosanganisira Steve Lukather, Steve Morse, Dusty Hill naJoe Satriani pakati pevamwe.
mhedziso
Leo Fender mumwe weakanyanya kupesvedzera uye anoremekedzwa manhamba munhoroondo yegitare. Magadzirirwo ake akachinja chitarisiko uye kurira kwemagitare emagetsi, achisimudzira zviridzwa zvemuviri zvakasimba izvo zvainzwika mudzimba dzese, horo dzekonzati uye zvakarekodhwa. Kuburikidza nemakambani ake-Fender, G&L uye Music Man-Leo Fender akabatsira kuumba tsika dzechizvino-zvino dzemimhanzi. Anonzi akagadzira akasiyana magitare anosanganisira Telecaster, Stratocaster, Jazzmaster, P-Bass, J-Bass, Mustang bass nevamwe vakati wandei. Magadzirirwo ake ehunyanzvi achiri kugadzirwa nhasi neFender Musical Instruments Corporation/FMIC kana vane mukurumbira vagadziri vakaita seRelic Guitars. Leo Fender acharamba achiyeukwa semupiona weindasitiri yemimhanzi akakurudzira zvizvarwa zvevaimbi kuti vaongorore kugona kwemanzwi ane magetsi nezviridzwa zvake zvinoputsa.
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
