UJim Dunlop ungunjiniyela waseMelika-Scottish futhi umsunguli we-Dunlop Manufacturing, Inc., umkhiqizi ohamba phambili wezinsiza zomculo kanye amayunithi wemiphumela.
Ezinze eBenicia, eCalifornia, uDunlop waqala inkampani yakhe ngo-1965 njengomsebenzi omncane wasekhaya.
Namuhla, isikhule yaba ngumkhiqizi omkhulu wegiya lomculo, ngenxa yokutholwa kukaDunlop kwemikhiqizo eyaziwayo njenge. Kukhala Ingane, I-MXR futhi Way Huge.
Isingeniso
U-James C. Dunlop, ovame ukwaziwa ngoJim Dunlop, ubengusomabhizinisi osungula izinto ezintsha nowine imiklomelo owasiza ekulolongeni ikusasa lomculo ngokudala nokuthuthukiswa kweminye yemikhiqizo yawo eqashelwa kakhulu. Wasungula i-Dunlop Manufacturing, Inc., ngo-1965 ngenhloso yokwenza izinsimbi zomculo zifinyeleleke kalula kuwo wonke amazinga abaculi. Kusukela ekusungulweni kwakhe kwenguquko kwe-pedal ye-"crybaby" wah-wah kuya kulayini wakhe ogcwele wabaqaphi, amabhande, nezinye izinsimbi - Imikhiqizo ye-Dunlop isibe yizingxenye ezibalulekile kumarigi amaningi ochwepheshe besiginci. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi wayengubani uJim Dunlop nokuthi wazuzani emculweni ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe ngo-2013 eneminyaka engu-80.
Isiqalo sokuphila
UJim Dunlop, ogama lakhe langempela uJames D. Dunlop Jr., wazalwa ngo-July 9, 1942, e-Edinburgh, eScotland. Ukhulele emndenini ocula umculo, unina enguthisha wepiyano, kanti uyise engumshayi wecilongo le-jazz. Lapho ekhula, uJim wayezungezwe umculo futhi kwakuyile ndawo eyayizogcina ilolonge umsebenzi wakhe.
Ingemuva Lomndeni
UJames Dunlop wazalwa ngo-August 29, 1958 eGlasgow, eScotland. Wayeyizibulo emadodaneni amathathu azalelwa abazali bakhe, uWilliam no-Esther Dunlop. Uyise wayenesitolo sezinhlanzi nama-chips kuyilapho umama wakhe engusokhaya. UJim wayenabafowabo ababili, uMichael noBrian; bobabili babengabathandi bomculo abanothando njengengane yakubo endala.
UJim wafunda eRobert Gordon's School e-Aberdeen ngaphambi kokubhalisa e-University of Stirling ukuze aphishekele izifundo ezengeziwe zokuphatha ibhizinisi. Esemncane waqala ukukhombisa umdlandla womculo okwathi ngokushesha waba umfutho wakhe empilweni. Enyuvesi wayedlala ibhesi namaqembu amaningana e-blues futhi wakha ubudlelwano obuseduze nabanye abaculi abasafufusa ababemzungezile - abanye babo baphumelela ekuzuzeni impumelelo kwezohwebo.
Umsebenzi kaJim wokucula washeshe waqala lapho ethola umsebenzi wokuphatha isigaba se-Rosetti Music G&L (Guitars & Longhorns), esakha ama-amplifiers nezipikha zabakhiqizi bomculo abafana noMarshall Amplification kanye neFender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC). Ngalesi sikhathi uJim uthole ulwazi ngokukhiqiza amaphedali omphumela wesiginci kanye neziginci ngokwazo - indawo yobungcweti eyagcina imtholele indawo emlandweni we-rock 'n' roll lapho esungula inkampani yakhe i-“Jim Dunlop Manufacturing Inc” (JDM) 1965.
Imfundo
UJim Dunlop wazalelwa eGlasgow, eScotland ngo-1948. Wayenentshisekelo enkulu kwezobunjiniyela, kamuva agxila kukho lapho eseqale umsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngumsunguli womculo. Ngemva kokuphothula isikole, wabhalisa eNyuvesi yaseStrathclyde eGlasgow ukuyofundela ubunjiniyela bemishini, wathola iziqu ze-honours ngemva kweminyaka emine yokufunda.
UDunlop wabe esejoyina i-Bassoon Industrial Company Ltd. lapho asebenzisa khona iziqu zakhe ekuklameni amathuluzi nemikhiqizo yemboni yezolimo. Ngo-1972, uDunlop wanikezwa umsebenzi eCorby Trouser Press eseduze wabe esethuthela ePaisley; ethatha indima yokuba umsizi kanjiniyela wokuklama lapho, waqala ukuhlola imibono yokuklama yezinsimbi zomculo kanye nemikhiqizo yezinsiza. Ukwakhiwa kwakhe kokuqala kwaba isibambi sesiginci esithuthukisiwe; lokhu kwaziwa ngele-“Tortex” edumile futhi kwahlala kudumile phakathi kwabadlali besiginci amashumi eminyaka kwaze kwaba yilapho yayekwa ngo-2020.
Career
UJim Dunlop wayengumsunguli wezomculo, ehlala ehlanganisa imibono yokudala nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe ukuze enze imikhiqizo eyingqayizivele. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe emculweni ngokwenza uchungechunge lwama-pickup nama-pedals ashintsha umsindo wesiginci sikagesi. Imiklamo yakhe emisha ihlanganise imisindo yakudala nobuchwepheshe besimanje ngokugxila kukhwalithi. Umsebenzi wakhe wasiza ekulolongeni umsindo womculo wesimanje.
Umsebenzi Wokuqala
UJim Dunlop waziwa kabanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe embonini yomculo, kusukela ekuklameni nasekukhiqizeni uchungechunge lwesiginesha yegiya lomculo kuya ekuphatheni amabhendi amakhulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kwakho konke lokho, uJim Dunlop wadlula enkathini yokufunda futhi ecija umsebenzi wakhe wezandla.
Uzalelwe ePaisley, eScotland, uDunlop waba nentshisekelo emculweni esemncane - engenela umncintiswano kuFestival Yomculo WaseScottish Wasendaweni lapho eneminyaka engu-11 kuphela ubudala. Waqhubeka waya eNyuvesi yaseStrathclyde eGlasgow lapho athola khona imfundo yobunjiniyela be-elekthronikhi, wabe esedluliselwa eNyuvesi yaseHeriot-Watt ukuze aqedele iziqu zakhe.
Ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi ngeziqu ze-Honours nokuqhubeka nokusebenza njengonjiniyela womsindo e-BBC Radio Scotland, uDunlop wagcina esevula eyakhe indawo yokulungisa izinsimbi zomculo nama-amplifiers ebizwa ngokuthi i-VIP Sound Services. Ngalesi sikhathi wasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lwasenyuvesi kanye nolwazi aluthole kochwepheshe bokukhanda kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseJapane ukuze athole amakhono amasha azokwakha isisekelo sezinto ezizayo kamuva - ikakhulukazi lapho uDunlop eqala ukwenza uchwepheshe ekwakheni amaphedali omphumela wesiginci kumakhasimende afana amalungu ebhendi ye-U2, Deep Purple ne-Pink Floyd.
I-Dunlop Manufacturing Company
U-Jim Dunlop wasungula Inkampani Yokukhiqiza Yakwa-Dunlop ngo-1965. Itholakala e-Benicia, e-California, uhlobo lwakhiqiza isikhunta esingokwezifiso samapiki namabhande esiginci akhiqizwa ngobuningi be-Dunlop. Lezi zinsiza zaduma kangangokuthi zaqanjwa njengenye Yemikhiqizo Yomculo Ephezulu Eyishumi Emisha Kakhulu noma Izinkampani Zaso Sonke Isikhathi yi-Rhythm Magazine ngo-2006. Ngemva kwale mpumelelo yokuqala, uJim waqhubeka nokwandisa iminikelo yenkampani ukuze ihlanganise izintambo, amaslayidi ezintambo, ama-capos, amaslayidi, ama-amps neminye imiphumela.
U-Dunlop uphinde wasebenzisana nabanye abaculi abakhulu embonini ye-rock abafana noJimi Hendrix no-Kurt Cobain ukuze bakhe imikhiqizo yabo yesiginesha. Lokhu kwenzelwa izincomo zamaciko futhi kwanikeza ukufinyelela ezintweni ezihlukile kubathengi emhlabeni wonke. Kuze kube namuhla, i-JDMC isaqhubeka nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo emisha yabo bobabili abaculi abangochwepheshe nabayizimfundamakhwela ngokufanayo.
Ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izisetshenziswa zesiginci, uJim Dunlop uphinde wenza umsebenzi oncomekayo wokupha nge-Jim Dunlop Benevolence Fund ehlose ukusebenzisa imfundo yomculo njenge-ejenti yoshintsho emphakathini emiphakathini yonkana yaseMelika. Isisekelo sihlinzeka ngezinto zokufundisa nezinsimbi ezinganeni ezithanda umculo kodwa ezingakwazi ukuzikhokhela; ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza amathuba engeziwe okukhula komuntu siqu kwezingane ngokusebenzisa ubuciko bomculo.
Legacy
Ifa likaJim Dunlop lisaphila nanamuhla, njengoba umsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona wawusukela ekuthuthukisweni kweyunithi yezinhlamvu, okokukhetha, namabhodi eminwe kuya kokusungulwe kwakhe okuyimpumelelo kakhulu, umugqa we-MXR wemiphumela yamapedali. I-Dunlop Manufacturing iqhubekile nokwakhela phezu kwempumelelo yemikhiqizo yokuqala yomsunguli, futhi yakhipha izinto ezintsha ezihambisana nemiklamo yakhe ayithandayo. Ngaphezu kokwenza amaphedali omphumela wabashayi besiginci bawo wonke amazinga, u-Jim Dunlop wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokudala amathuluzi angcono kakhulu nezinsiza zabashayi bebhesi emhlabeni wonke.
Ngaphandle kokwenza imikhiqizo yabaculi, uJim Dunlop ubuyisele embonini ebimnike impumelelo enkulu. Ubekhuthele ekuhlinzekeni ukwesekwa nemfundo kuma-luthiers kanye nochwepheshe bokukhanda izinsimbi kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu ngamasemina, ukuvakasha kwemboni kanye nemibukiso yemikhiqizo. Ukuzinikela kwakhe ngokungakhathali kumtholele imiklomelo efana neziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo eBerklee College of Music kanye nokungeniswa e-Canadian Music Hall Of Fame kanye ne-Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame.
Ngesizinda esiyimpumelelo kubuchwepheshe bomculo obuwela phakathi kwezindlela zobunjiniyela bezinhlelo zendabuko kanye nokuhlola kukagesi, u-Jim Dunlop ushiye uphawu olungacimeki kubadlali besigingci emhlabeni wonke ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe ngo-2009—nangemuva kwalokho. Ngokuqaphela lo msebenzi oncomekayo endaweni ehamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bomculo, uJim Dunlop uthole izinkulumo ezihloniphekile ezivela kumagazini i-Guitar Player oshicilele indatshana yokuhlonipha ebungaza umsebenzi wempilo yakhe ngemva nje kokushona kwakhe. Kuze kube namuhla womabili amaciko angochwepheshe athole impumelelo yezentengiselwano kanye nezingqalabutho eziyimfundamakhwela basathola ugqozi kusukela ezintweni azidalile zomculo ezicebise izimpilo kusukela zasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amane edlule.
Iminikelo Emikhulu Emculweni
UJim Dunlop ubengumdlali obalulekile embonini yomculo, eguqula umdlalo ngezinto azisungulile nemikhiqizo yakhe. Izinto aziqambile nokudala kwakhe kwashintsha indlela esicabanga ngayo nokusebenzelana ngayo nezinsimbi esizidlalayo. Imikhiqizo yakhe isiphenduke amathuluzi abalulekile kubaculi abaningi abangochwepheshe nabayizimfundamakhwela ngokufanayo. Ake sibheke amagalelo amakhulu awenzile emculweni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Wah-Wah Pedal
Ngo-1967, uJim Dunlop wakhipha i-Clyde McCoy Cry Baby Wah-Wah Pedal yokuqala, eye yaba nomthelela omkhulu embonini. Ngokuqhakambisa ubuchwepheshe emculweni, kwavula imisindo emisha nemibono eyamukelwa abaculi bazo zonke izinhlobo.
Umqondo we-pedal wasungulwa endleleni ka-Rodney Mullen yokukhuluma yebhesi kusukela kumahithi akhe afana neka-Fats Domino ethi “Ain't That A Shame” futhi waqala ukubonakala kabanzi lapho u-Jimi Hendrix esakaza umsindo esebenzisa i-Dunlop Wah-Wah Pedal. Le nkampani yatholwa yi-Dunlop Manufacturing ngo-1967, eyahlanganisa nezinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe ezifana nempilo ende yebhethri kanye nokushintsha kweqiniso okudlula enguqulweni yabo ye-pedal.
Ukwethulwa kwalesi siginci kuvumele ama-amps ukuthi akhiqize amasiginali esiginci aqinile futhi ahlanekezelwe ngaphandle kokweqisa umsindo waso. Abathengi bangashintsha phakathi kwemisindo ebushelelezi kanye neyokwahlulela ngokushaya unyawo, okwenza imidlalo yabo ebukhoma ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamaphedali wemiphumela zidalwe ngokusekelwe kulo mbono - ama-phasers, ama-flangers, ama-pitch shifters - okuholela emathubeni amakhulu okudala ekukhiqizweni komculo asacwaningwa futhi ahlolwe namuhla. I-Wah-Wah Pedal iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa abaculi kuzo zonke izinhlobo kanye namaphedali anemiphumela eminingi afakwe amathoni amaningi anezela ukuthungwa kwengoma ngayinye noma ukusebenza.
Isingeniso Se-Cry Baby Pedal
UJim Dunlop mhlawumbe wayaziwa kakhulu ngokusungula kwakhe i-Cry Baby, i-wah-wah pedal yesiginci sikagesi. Umthelela wawuke wasetshenziswa ngaphambili, kodwa umklamo wakhe we-electronic wah-wah waba ngcono kakhulu enguqulweni yokuqala yomshini. Uthuthukise i-pedal efuna ithoni ethembekile futhi ezinzile kunaleyo etholakalayo njengamanje. Yasheshe yaduma ngabashayi besigingci be-rock ne-funk, futhi yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yezinye izinhlobo zomculo eziningi ezifana ne-soul ne-blues. Kuze kube namuhla, i-Cry Baby isaqhubeka nokuba ngenye yama-pedals agqama kakhulu emakethe futhi isetshenziswe ekurekhodweni okungabaleki ngabashayi besiginci abadumile namabhendi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphandle kwalesi sisetshenziswa esishintshashintshayo, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ezinye zalezi zingoma ziyadalwa. Ngaphezu kwempumelelo yakhe edume kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, uJim Dunlop uphinde wanikela ngokuphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni ukuzwakala komdlalo we-pick nokuqina ngezinto zenayiloni; izindlela ezintsha ezimbili eziqhubeka nokuthonya abadlali besiginci namuhla.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-MXR Effects Pedals
Ngo-1972, uJim Dunlop wayematasa enza amaphedali emiphumela yabaculi. Ukwakhiwa kwakhe, i-MXR Dyna Comp Pedal, kwakuyi-pedal yokuqala ekhiqizwa ngobuningi yohlobo lwayo futhi yavumela abaculi ukuthi bakwazi ukwengeza ukuhlukahluka kwethoni emsindweni wabo lapho bedlala. Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwakunezinguqulo ezingu-5 zomphumela kuphela; I-Flanger, Isaga, Ukubambezeleka/I-Echo, I-Phase Shifter kanye nokuhlanekezela. Iguqule ama-solo wesiginci ngokuvumela oshaya isiginci ukuthi alawule kangcono umsindo wabo ngenkathi edlala njengoba benokulawula okwengeziwe kokukhuluma.
Okwakudume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyimodeli yokunyathela eyayaziwa nge-MXR-107 Phase 90 eyagcina isiyindinganiso yemboni esetshenziswa kukho konke ukusebenza okubukhoma nokuqoshwa kwesitudiyo. Lokhu kuphawule umnikelo omkhulu ekukhiqizweni komculo osudlule ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi uyaqhubeka nokubumba umculo namuhla kukho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kobuciko kusukela kumisindo eyisipesheli kuye kumaphedali wokuguquguquka asetshenziswa emculweni wensimbi. Umthelela wemiphumela ye-MXR yama-pedals kumculo we-rock nowensimbi awunaphutha njengoba ushiye umbono embonini ye-elekthronikhi edumile amashumi eminyaka.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, uJim Dunlop wayengumboni wemibono emhlabeni womculo owaguqula indlela abadlali besiginci abadlala ngayo. Imikhiqizo yakhe emisha isetshenziswe kumarig amaningi esigingci kuyo yonke le minyaka futhi ithathe i-rock and roll yafika ezingeni elisha. Igama lakhe elidume umhlaba wonke lizohlala laziwa emculweni iminyaka ezayo, kanti ushiye nomthelela omubi hhayi kubashayi besiginci kuphela kodwa bonke abaculi.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
