UChristian Frederick Martin, Sr. (; Januwari 31, 1796 - February 16, 1873) wayengumMelika owazalelwa eJalimane. luthier ababengochwepheshe beziginci. Wenza isiginci sokuqala e-United States ngawo-1830 futhi wasungula i- I-CF Martin & Inkampani.
Emhlabeni weziginci ze-acoustic, igama elilodwa ligqama ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye: I-CF Martin & Co. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-180, lolu hlobo lwesigingci lwaseMelika lukhiqiza amathuluzi afunwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa wayengubani uCF Martin, futhi indaba yakhe isitshelani mayelana nalokhu umlando wama-acoustic guitar? Ake sicwilise ku impilo kanye nezikhathi zale luthier yokuqala.
Ukubuka konke kwe-CF Martin
CF Martin (1796-1873) wayengumenzi wesiginci waseMelika futhi ngokuvamile uhlonishwa ngokusungulwa kwesigingci sesimanje se-acoustic. Njengomsunguli kanye nomsunguli we-Martin & Co. Guitars, ifa lakhe liye lalolongwa yizizukulwane zezingcweti zezandla ezisebenza efekthri encane efanayo eNazareth, ePennsylvania nakwezinye izindawo emashumini amaningi eminyaka.
Wazalelwa eJalimane, CF Martin wahamba ekhaya eneminyaka engu-17 ukuyofunda Isitolo sesiginci sika-Johann Stauffer e-Vienna, e-Austria-umenzi wesiginci ohamba phambili eYurophu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokushesha wathola udumo ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi ekugcineni waqokwa njengenhloko yegatsha elisha lokukhiqiza ekhaya eJalimane; ukubeka ibha ephezulu yokusebenza kwekhwalithi ezochaza umsebenzi wakhe njengengcweti ye-luthier eMelika emashumini eminyaka kamuva.
UMartin akakaze azamukele ngokugcwele izimiso zika-Stauffer ngenkathi edlala isiginci ebuyela eJalimane, nokho wayebonise ukuqonda okwanele ukuba aphathe igatsha elihlonishwayo lenkampani elikude neVienna, lapho u-Stauffer wayezinze khona. Waqhubeka nokuhlola amasu okwakha nokuklama, ivula indlela yezindlela ezintsha emashumini eminyaka ezayo ezochaza iziginci zesimanje njengoba sizazi namuhla-ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wezimiso zendabuko ezifana ukwakheka kwekhwalithi nobuhle ezazivele zikhona ngezinsuku zokuqala zika-Martin njengobhasikidi ojikeleza eFrance noma edlala imidanso yase-Viennese ngaphambi kokuba umfundi we-luthier wesikhathi esigcwele.
Isiqalo sokuphila
UChristian Frederick Martin, Sr. wazalwa ngo-1796 eMarkneukirchen, eJalimane. UMartin wathonywa owakhe umkhulu, iluthier idumela layo eliye laqiniswa emlandweni welutherie. Ubaba kaMartin, UJohn Georg Martin, naye ngokwakhe wayesebenza esitolo, futhi bobabili basebenza ndawonye esitolo somkhaya. UMartin kwaba isizukulwane sesithathu womndeni wakhe ukuze asebenze ku-lutherie futhi wafunda umsebenzi wezandla kuyise esemncane.
Isizinda nokukhuliswa kuka-CF Martin
UChristian Frederick Martin, Sr., wazalwa ngo-1796, eyindodana yomndeni owawuqhuba ibhizinisi lewayini eMarkneukirchen, eJalimane. Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha nje ubudala, uyise wamnika insimbi yakhe yokuqala - i-zither endala. UMartin waqala ukuzijwayeza i-zither ngenkuthalo futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-13 wajoyina isikole sokwenza izinsimbi esiseduze nedolobha lakubo.
Ngo-1808, ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kwe-CF kwaqala UJohann Anton Stauffer eVienna. Ngaleso sikhathi, iVienna yayiyindawo eshisayo yokwenza izinsimbi futhi nakuba kwakubonakala njengekusasa elikhangayo ku-CF, i-Vienna yayingawamukeli amathalenta aseJalimane osemusha - esemncane - futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwaphela ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela ngo-1811.
Ngemva kokubuyela e-Markneukirchen enolwazi oluningi kanye nesifiso sokuvelela kunangaphambili, ngokushesha waba i-luthier enekhono futhi wavula isitolo sakhe eneminyaka engu-20 kuphela - enza izinsimbi waze wadayisela amakhasimende kude njengaseLondon! Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impumelelo ye-CF yakhula kakhulu kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni ngo-1837 wathuthela eMelika ngokumenywa amakhasimende athile aseMelika amnikeza umsebenzi esitolo sabo esise. I-Fifth Avenue yaseNew York City indawo (lapho okumi khona isitolo esikhulu sikaMartin).
Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe noJohann Stauffer
Eminyakeni engu-15, CF Martin wathuthela e-Vienna, e-Austria ukuze ajoyine uhlelo lokufundela umsebenzi lwe UJohann Stauffer, omunye umdidiyeli wesiginci owaziwayo. Ukufunda kwakhe iminyaka emine kwakuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko nekhono lakhe ekwakheni nasekulungiseni izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, ikakhulukazi iziginci. Inganekwane ithi ngalesi sikhathi yena wasungula umshini wokusiza ukubhoboza izimbobo zangaphakathi zevayolini ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Njengengxenye yokuqeqeshwa kwakhe, uMartin wabuye wasebenza kuma-violin nezinsimbi ezikhotheme ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Stauffer, efunda ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwakhiwe kanjani futhi lucutshungulwa nezici ukuze akhe amamodeli ayingqayizivele enkosi yakhe. Ukuphila kwakhe njengomfundi kwamholela ohambweni lokuvundulula e-Europe efunda izinqubo zokuhweba ezihlukene, ngokungangabazeki ezakha ezinye zezisekelo zakuqala zalokho okwaba yimiklamo yakudala ka-Martin Guitars.
Ngo-1831 eneminyaka engu-21 washiya iVienna wabuyela ekhaya ebhizinisini lomndeni wakhe.
Career
UChristian Frederick Martin wayengumqambi owaziwayo kanye nomsunguli wezinto ezintsha phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. UMartin wazalwa ngo-1796 eJalimane, wathuthela e-United States eneminyaka engu-18 futhi waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokwakha iziginci ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Umsebenzi wakhe wathatha iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, futhi wahlonishwa ngawo ukusungula isiginci esidumile manje se-dreadnought. UMartin ungomunye wama-luthier aziwa kakhulu ezikhathini zonke futhi ukhunjulwa ngokusungula kwakhe okumangalisayo nobungcweti bakhe.
Ake singene empilweni nasemsebenzini walokhu umuntu ongajwayelekile:
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaMartin njenge-luthier
UChristian Frederick Martin – evame ukubizwa ngokuthi CF Martin – wayengumholi weqembu lebhizinisi lokwenza izintambo zomndeni ngasekupheleni kwawo-1820. Indima yakhe yokuqala yayihlanganisa ukufundisa abafunda umsebenzi kanye nokuphatha ukukhiqizwa kwempahla kusukela ngokhuni kuya ezingxenyeni eziqediwe, okwamnikeza isisekelo esiqinile somsebenzi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo njengengcweti ye-luthier.
UMartin wafundiswa eJalimane futhi wathuthukisa amakhono akhe njengomfundi ngaphansi kuka-Johann Georg Stauffer eVienna, lapho aqeqeshelwa khona iminyaka emithathu futhi wazuza ulwazi lokwenza isiginci ngaphambi kokubuyela ebhizinisini lomndeni ngo-1833. Ngo-1839, CF Martin waqala ukuzakhela amathuluzi akhe cishe kuphela anezinhlangothi eziyisicaba esikhundleni samamodeli ayindilinga avamile esikhathi sawo; lesi sitayela manje sesaziwa ngokuthi “I-X-bracing.” Ezimisa ngokushesha, wasungula Inkampani engu-CF Martin & Co., Inc. on March 1st walowo nyaka ofanayo, ukuqala ifa elinganqamuki elikhuthazele ezizukulwaneni eziyisithupha zokuphatha ngamalungu omndeni wakwaMartin kuze kube namuhla.
Manje igujwa emhlabeni wonke njengelinye lamagama ahamba phambili ekwenzeni izinsimbi, CF Martin ubenesibopho sokuphusha ubuciko besiginci buyiswe ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokuthuthuka kumasu okwakha, izinto zokwakha kanye nokukhetha kwemiklamo efana nemodeli yokubhula eshiwo ngenhla, iziginci ze-Steel String kanye ne-14-fret neck eyashintsha isakhiwo sesiginci kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke; umbono wakhe wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wavula iminyango yentuthuko yesimanje njengezinduku ze-truss eziguquguqukayo ezasungulwa yizizukulwane zakamuva ezinegama lakhe.
Amasu akhe ekwakhiweni kwesiginci
CF Martin wayaziwa ngentuthuko yakhe entsha ekwakhiweni kwesiginci nobungcweti obabungaphambi kwesikhathi sabo. Wayefuna ukwenza izinsimbi zakhe zizwakale kangcono, kube lula ukuzidlala, futhi akhiqize umsindo ongashintshi owawungase uhambisane nanoma iyiphi enye insimbi enezintambo.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, wayezosungula izindlela ezihlukene zokugcina izintamo zeziginci ziqondile futhi athuthukise izindlela ezingcono zokwakha amasistimu okubopha iziginci ukuze alwe nokudlidliza kwezintambo. Enye yezinto ezintsha ezaziwa kakhulu ukwethulwa kwe- induku elungisekayo endaweni yentamo yeziginci ukuhlinzeka ngokulawula kwe-truer pitch kunalokho okungafinyelelwa ngama-frets nje kuphela.
Okunye okusha kufakiwe:
- Isenzo sochungechunge esithuthukisiwe
- Ukulungiselelwa okusha kwe-fingerboard
- Izinhlelo ezintsha zokulawula ithoni ezifana amabhuloho etshekile eziginci zikagesi futhi ama-truss rods alungisekayo ama-acoustic guitar.
Kuyo yonke iminyaka selokhu ashona ngo-1873, umsebenzi kaMartin uyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela emiklamo yesimanje yesiginci esetshenziswa izihlabani zomculo ezinkulu zanamuhla kanye nama-luthier ngokufanayo.
Ithonya lakhe ekuthuthukisweni kwesiginci sesimanje
UChristian Frederick Martin Sr., eyaziwa nje ngokuthi CF Martin emibuthanweni eminingi, uthathwa kabanzi njengomunye wamaluthier anethonya elikhulu emlandweni wesiginci sesimanje. Wazalelwa eJalimane ngo-1796, wathuthela eMelika futhi waba umenzi wekhabhinethi ophumelelayo ngenkathi eqhubeka nokucija umsebenzi wakhe wezandla - ukuklama, ukwakha kanye neziginci zezintambo ngezinga elikhulu kunanoma ubani ongaphambi kwakhe.
Iziginci zika-Martin zashintsha ithuluzi ngokusungula kwakhe indlela yokwakha, ukuhlanganisa, ukuqopha nosayizi (wayaziwa ngokukhiqiza iziginci ezinemizimba emikhulu kunaleyo eyayijwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi). Wakha izinsimbi ezazinazo amandla amakhulu kanye nevolumu kunezandulela zabo, okubenza bafaneleke kakhulu ukusebenza komphakathi. Ngaphezu kokuqamba kwakhe okusha ekwakhiweni, uMartin uphinde wadala eyokuqala “Kuhlafunwe” isitayela sesiginci somzimba esikhulu ngo-1915 - idizayini eseyingomunye wamasayizi aziwa kakhulu namuhla - futhi waqondisa inkathi entsha yokukhiqizwa kwesiginci se-acoustic ngokuhlanganisa intuthuko yekhulu le-19 njengamathuluzi emishini athuthukile ezindleleni zawo zokukhiqiza.
Umthelela kaMartin uphindaphinda ngemiklamo eminingi yesimanje namuhla; njengoba kufakazelwa amamodeli ayo okukhiqiza kabusha afana ne- "Vintage Series" ehlonipha imiklamo yangaphambi kwempi yakudala. Ifa lakhe lidale izinga lemboni elisetshenziswa amasu okwakha athandwa abaningi ababizwa ngokuthi “abakhi bezitolo” abenza amathuluzi angokwezifiso enziwe ukuze acacise imininingwane ngokunaka ngokucophelela imininingwane kanye namazinga okulawula ikhwalithi abekwe ngu. CF yena eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule.
Kafushane: Le yindawo ka CF Martin Iminikelo ayizange isize ekulolongeni ibhizinisi lakhe kuphela kodwa nayo yonke imboni yanamuhla emayelana nezinsimbi ze-acoustic ezinezwi eliphelele nekhwalithi yomsindo engakhiqizwa ngokuzwakalayo - ngisho nangaphandle kokukhuliswa - ngokusebenzisa ubungcweti obunembayo obusuka kochwepheshe abafana CF Martin ngokwakhe esabongwa nanamuhla ngakho konke eyakwenza kubaculi abacula umculo wesimanje kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Legacy
CF Martin wayebhekwa njengomunye wabakhulu phakathi ama-luthiers. Wayeyingcweti yengcweti emsebenzi wayo wawuhlonishwa abaningi ensimini. Ubuye atuswe ngokuguqula umklamo wesimanje iziginci ze-steel-string acoustic.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa ifa lakhe nokuthi libe kanjani kuthonye umklamo wesiginci wesimanje.
Igalelo lika-CF Martin embonini yesiginci
UChristian Frederick Martin umnikelo embonini yesiginci awunakuqhathaniswa, ngisho nanamuhla. Wayeyingcweti ye-luthier eyasungula isiginci sesimanjemanje se-steel-string acoustic nesakhe Okuqanjwe kabusha kwe-X-bracing, kanye nokwethula lokho osekwaziwa njengesitayela somzimba esidume kakhulu se-steel string acoustics–the Kuhlafunwe.
Ifa likaMartin lifinyelela kude - wethula izinguquko eziningi kumagitala, njenge truss induku, fretboards evalwe okhunini futhi i-dovetail neck joint - konke osekuphenduke izici ezijwayelekile kumathuluzi esimanje. Amamodeli akhe asetshenziswe abaculi abangenakubalwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, kusukela kubaqambi bakudala abafana noBeethoven kuya ezinganekwaneni zerock ezifana noBob Dylan. I-CF Martin & Co.Idizayini ephambili ye-Dreadnought ishintshiwe futhi yahunyushwa kabusha ngama-luthier amaningi emhlabeni jikelele kusukela yethulwa ngo-1916 futhi isewuphawu oluyisithonjana sokwenza kahle kuziginci ze-acoustic namuhla.
Amazinga abekwe yi-CF Martin's innovations ayaqhubeka nokuqondisa amazinga okukhiqiza wezinsimbi zesimanje futhi umthelela wakhe uyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ama-luthiers emhlabeni wonke azama ukwakha phezu kwefa lakhe ubuciko bekhwalithi nethoni enhle kakhulu lapho bedala iziginci zabo namuhla.
Ithonya lakhe kuma-luthier anamuhla
Le yindawo ka CF Martin ithonya kuma-luthier anamuhla lisengazwakala nanamuhla. Izimiso eziningi zokwakha isiginci kanye nezimiso zokuklama ezasungulwa uMartin ziye zaqhutshekiselwa phambili yizizukulwane zama-luthiers, okwenza ithonya lakhe libe sobala kuzo zombili iziginci ze-acoustic nezikagesi.
Abaningi babakhi besiginci abadumile banamuhla bayasivuma isikweletu sabo ku-CF Martin, ikakhulukazi mayelana nemibono yakhe yokuqala eyaletha isiginci sezintambo zensimbi enkathini yesimanje ngokuthuthuka ngakunye okulandelanayo komklamo emashumini eminyaka - ngemva kwakho konke, wasebenza njengo. umklami omkhulu enkampanini cishe iminyaka engu-50! Umsebenzi wakhe wokuphayona wenza iziginci ze-acoustic zaba phezulu, zaqina futhi zakhanya kakhulu kunangaphambili - ifa elihlala njalo elibonakale liwusizo kubakhiqizi abaningi abaphambili nonjiniyela bemisindo phakathi neminyaka ngenxa yokuthi liye lathakaselwa ukuzuza umsindo ofunekayo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomculo.
Imibono emisha kaMartin yashintsha indlela abantu abazwa ngayo umculo we-acoustic; kusuka ku-early blues master Robert Johnson kubaculi besimanje kuhlanganise U-Ed Sheeran, uJohn Mayer kanye noMumford & Sons – izingoma zabo zincike kumafilosofi ka-CF Martin ngephimbo nekhwalithi esiteji noma ekurekhodweni kwesitudiyo ngokufanayo!
Isiphetho
Le yindawo ka CF Martin ifa emhlabeni we-luthier linwetshiwe futhi ligcinwe liphila ngezizukulwane zezingcweti nabesifazane emhlabeni wonke. Owakhe"Martin” isiginci sithathwa njengesinye se izinsimbi zomculo ezinhle kakhulu futhi isetshenziswe abanye babaculi abahamba phambili. Ithonya lakhe emhlabeni womculo kanye ne-lutherie liye laba akunakuphikwa futhi uzoqhubeka ephila iminyaka ezayo.
Isifinyezo sempilo nefa lika-CF Martin
CF Martin wayengumenzi we-luthier futhi wenza isiginci owenza ezinye zeziginci ze-acoustic eziphumelela kakhulu ukuba zithandeke emhlabeni womculo. Wazalwa ngo-1796 eJalimane, ephuma emndenini wama-luthiers abakha izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezihlukahlukene iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Waqala ukuzisebenzela esemncane kakhulu futhi ngokushesha wathuthela e-United States ukuyoqala ibhizinisi lakhe. Ngemva kokujikeleza izwe nokuhlangana nezinkampani eziningi zomculo, uMartin wasungula I-CF Martin & Inkampani ngo-1833 ekugcineni kwavula indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza eNazareth, ePennsylvania.
Ngesikhathi sakhe njengenhloko ye I-CF Martin & Inkampani, wasungula izindinganiso embonini yesigingci ezisekhona nanamuhla njengokuphelelisa umculo I-X ihlanganisa indlela yokuqinisa iziginci kanye nokubeka izindinganiso eziphakeme zobungcweti nokuklama uma kuziwa ekwenzeni isiginci. U-CF Martin uphinde wabumba ezinye zezitayela zoqobo ze-acoustic-electric ezazivumela abadlali abanezidingo ezihlukene zethoni noma izidingo zokusebenza bukhoma lezo zinketho zase zitholakala ngemodeli eyodwa yesigingci enikeza ukunethezeka okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi emlandweni wesigingci.
Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, u-CF Martin wakhiqiza imiklamo ehlukene ecishe ibe ngu-1700 phezu kweziginci ezinezintambo eziyisithupha neziyi-12 kanye nezinsimbi zomndeni we-mandolin ezifana nama-mandolin nama-ukulele konke okuphawulwa ngemiklamo yabo yobuciko emihle kakhulu enembile futhi ngokuvamile ithoni engcono nakakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye. amafekthri osuku lwayo ngenxa yokunaka kukaMartin ngokucophelela emininingwaneni lapho ekhiqiza izingxenye zezingxenye zeziginci: amabhodi eminwe, ubujamo bebhuloho nosayizi, i-idiosyncratic neck shapes & ukujula komzimba kwakha ukubasiza babe amathuluzi omzimba anamandla ngenxa yalezi zixazululo zokuklama eziye zasinda kuze kube namuhla zimaka i-CFMartin ibe inganekwane yaseMelika ekhuthaze amalutha amaningi osuku lwanamuhla.
Ifa elishiywe ngu-CF Martin lisahlonishwa abadlali abaningi namuhla lapho umuntu engangena kunoma yisiphi isitolo somculo noma afune ku-inthanethi enye yezinguqulo eziningi/okuhlukile okuqhubeka nokuqanjwa kwamagama ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabo bonke. Dreadnought series (UJames Taylor / Tony Rice Model) Uchungechunge lochwepheshe (OM – 18, OM -28) I-D-15M, D16RGTE konke kwakhiwe ngaphansi kwezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi ebekwe yile ngcweti eyingcweti ezigcinwe ziyiqiniso kuze kube yilolu suku okusivumela sonke ngokufinyeleleka kalula ekuzweleni ukuthi yini eyenza i-CFMartin ibe yisakhiwo sodumo ngempela kule minyaka engama-200 edlule.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
