AmaLuthiers yizingcweti ezinekhono ezisebenza ngokhuni ekudaleni izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo njenge iziginci, amaviyolini, nama- cellos. Basebenzisa amathuluzi namasu ahlukahlukene ukuze balolonge ukhuni futhi bahlanganise ithuluzi. Umsebenzi we-luthier awukona nje ukwenza izinsimbi kuphela, kodwa futhi lungisa futhi wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ezikhona.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi i-luthier yenzani kanye nokwehlukile izinhlobo zezinsimbi basebenza ku:
Incazelo ye-Luthier
A luthier yingcweti enekhono noma ingcweti eyakha futhi ilungise izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, ngokuyinhloko lezo ezingezomndeni we-violin. Igama elithi "luthier" laqala ukusetshenziswa eFrance ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, kodwa ukuhweba sekukhona kusukela Renaissance.
Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho izingcweti zaqala khona ukudala izinsimbi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kumathuluzi akhiqizwe ngobuningi bekhwalithi encane.
Ubuciko be-lutherie buhilela ukuhlukanisa insimbi, ukuhlola izingxenye zayo nesimo sazo, ukuyakha ngezinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi, ukwengeza ukuvanisha nokuyishuna ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isesimweni esifanele sokusebenza. Kudinga ulwazi lwalokhu:
- kanjani ukwakha ezihlukahlukene bobunjwa nosayizi
- indlela yokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni
- ungawavala kanjani kahle ukuze uvikeleke ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu nasezintweni zemvelo
- indlela yokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo kunsimbi yomculo
Ukwengeza, ama-luthiers nawo adinga ukukwazi shuna lezi zinsimbi ngokunembile ngakho-ke zingadlalwa ngekhwalithi yazo yomsindo engcono kakhulu.
Wenzani uLuthiers?
A luthier iyingcweti eyakha futhi ilungise izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezifana neziginci, amaviyolini namacello. Ngaphezu kokuba ama-artisan, badinga futhi ukuqonda i-physics kanye ne-mechanics yalezi zinsimbi ukuze benze izinguquko futhi balungise.
Ake sihlolisise ukuthi i-luthiers yenzani nokuthi kungani injalo umsebenzi obalulekile:
Ukulungisa nokunakekela
AmaLuthiers lungisa futhi unakekele izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezifana nama-violin, iziginci nama-banjo. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zinsimbi ziyadlaleka futhi zingaphakathi isimo esihle lapho bedayiselwa amakhasimende abo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukushintsha izintambo noma ukushuna insimbi, kanye nokulungisa noma yiziphi izingxenye ezilimele noma ezigugile zensimbi.
Ukuze yenze lo msebenzi ngendlela efanele, ama-luthier kufanele abe nekhono eliphakeme nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngokhuni nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ezinsimbini ezinezintambo. Kufanele futhi babe nolwazi lokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi zomculo kufanele zisethwe kanjani.
Amanye ama-luthiers asebenza ngokukhethekile ekulungiseni izinsimbi zakudala njengama-violin avela kumakhosi ase-Italy asendulo. Lawa ma-luthiers avame ukusebenza eduze nama-conservatories omculo ukukhomba izingcezu zakudala zokubuyiselwa. Amaningi alawa mathuluzi athengiswa ngezinkulungwane zamaRandi ezindalini emhlabeni wonke uma esebuyiselwe ngokugcwele yi-luthier enekhono.
Ngaphezu kokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwe-violin, amanye ama-luthiers ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana nalezi:
- Izifundo zesiginci
- Ukuqashisa izinsimbi
- Ukwakhiwa ngokwezifiso noma ukuguqulwa kwamathuluzi akhona
- Umsebenzi wokuklama ngokwezifiso walabo abafuna okuthile okuhlukile kumenzi wabo wezinsimbi.
Ukwakha nokwenza ngokwezifiso izinsimbi
AmaLuthiers bangabangcweti abangochwepheshe ekwakheni nasekwakheni izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, ngokuvamile iziginci, amavayolini, nama-banjo. Lo msebenzi udinga ikhono elikhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni ngokhuni nezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha ithuluzi. Le nqubo ihilela ukuklama nokwenza hhayi kuphela umzimba wensimbi kodwa futhi izingxenye zayo zentamo nekhanda. AmaLuthiers kumele futhi abe nolwazi lwamathuluzi okhuni afana amasaha kagesi, amapulani, amarutha, izinsimbi zokubhoboza, amaglue, izinsimbi, njll., kanye namathuluzi amancane njenge amafayela namashizolo.
Inqubo yokwenza izinto ihlanganisa nokwenza ngokwezifiso izinsimbi ngokuya nenjongo yazo eziyifunayo noma uhlamvu lomsindo nge ukulungisa noma ukushintsha ama-frets noma amabhuloho; ukulungisa ukhuni; noma ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwemishini okufana nokungeza izithombe noma izilawuli zethoni ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsindo. I-luthier ingase futhi isebenze ngokukhethekile ekwakheni amakhophi ezinsimbi zakudala ukuze iphindaphinde leyo misindo. Ukwengeza kule misebenzi, ama-luthiers avame ukwenza ukunakekelwa kwezinsimbi ngokwenza ukulungisa okuyisisekelo njengalokhu ukuhlanza ama-fretboards noma ukushintsha izintambo uma kunesidingo.
Ukusetha Izinsimbi
A luthier iyingcweti esebenza ngezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezifana neziginci, ivayolini, ama-cellos, ama-dulcimers, ama-mandolin nezinye izinsimbi zomculo emndenini ofanayo. Eziningi zalezi zingamathuluzi e-acoustic ahlanganiswe ezingxenyeni nasezintweni ezifana nokhuni nensimbi. I-luthier kufanele ibe namakhono ahlukahlukene ukuze inakekele futhi ilungise kahle lawa mathuluzi.
Omunye wemisebenzi ye-luthier ukumisa noma ukwakha ithuluzi kusukela ekuqaleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo njengamabhuloho, izikhonkwane zokushuna, izintambo nama-pickup ukubala okumbalwa. AbakwaLuthiers bazobe bekhuluma ngokuqedwa okuhlukene njengalokhu i-varnish noma i-nitrocellulose lacquer esiza ukukhiqiza umsindo wezinga eliphezulu. Banolwazi futhi mayelana namasu okusebenza ngokhuni njengokuhlanganisa nokuhamba ngokuya ngokuthandwa ngumenzi.
I-luthier kufanele futhi ihlole futhi ilungise izinsimbi iphimbo - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amanothi ezintambo ezahlukene ahlelwe ngendlela efanele ngokusho kwephimbo kanye nokuphendula kwe-harmonic - ukuze akwazi ukukhiqiza umsindo omnandi lapho edlalwa. Ukulungiswa kwentamo kungenye ithiphu elibalulekile elingase lihlanganise ukulungiswa kwempumuzo noma ukulungiswa kwenduku ye-truss ukuze kube nokunemba okungcono kokudlala okusiza ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephimbo elicacile kunoma iyiphi inothi kunoma iyiphi iyunithi yezinhlamvu nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngobude bayo lapho idlalwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesilungiselelo sokushintsha kwesikhethi. (yeziginci zikagesi).
Ekugcineni, umgomo wesikhathi eside uwukuba izingxenye zensimbi ngayinye zisebenze ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele ukuze zonke izinhlobo zabaculi kusukela kumazinga angavamile kuya kubaculi abangochwepheshe bakwazi ukujabulela umculo. umuzwa wokulalela ojabulisayo kusuka kuyo!
Izinhlobo Zomculo
AmaLuthiers ngokukhethekile ekwakheni nasekulungiseni izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo njengeziginci, amavayolini, nama- cellos. Ngaphakathi komkhakha wezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezitayela. Izibonelo zezinhlobo zamathuluzi zihlanganisa ama-acoustic, classical, neziginci zikagesi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo eziyingqayizivele nezimfanelo zethoni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwensimbi lungenzani.
Kulesi sihloko, sizofaka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi i-luthiers esebenza ngokukhethekile kuzo:
Izinsimbi Ezinezintambo
AmaLuthiers asebenza ngokukhethekile emndenini wezinsimbi ezinezintambo - ubuchwepheshe babo buhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekwenzeni, ukulungisa nokubuyisela izinsimbi kuya ebunkingeni bokukhiqiza umsindo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola i-sitar elungiswayo noma kwakhiwa ukulele okusha, i-luthier yakho iyazazi izinto zayo. Nasi isifinyezo esiyisisekelo sezinsimbi ezinezintambo abangabophezeleka kuzo:
- AmaGitta - Ukulungisa isiginci, ukusetha kanye nokwakha kusenhliziyweni yemisebenzi eminingi emnandi. Kusukela ekulungiseni okuncane kuya kwezinsimbi zokwakha ngokwezifiso kusukela ekuqaleni, bangakwazi ukukuthwala konke. Iziginci ziza ngezindlela eziningi, osayizi kanye nemiklamo kodwa kunezinhlobo ezine ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi ngazo: iziginci ze-acoustic, zakudala noma zeSpanishi; iziginci zikagesi; iziginci ze-archtop; kanye nama-resonator guitar.
- Izikhwama - Njengokukhanda nokusetha isiginci, i-luthier yakho nayo iphatha ukusetha kwe-bass. Kubalulekile ukugcina amayunithi ezinhlamvu ebhesi ezwakala kahle kakhulu! Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamabhesi - amabhesi kagesi namabhesi akabili - ngakho qiniseka ukuthi uletha insimbi yakho nama-specs ayo alungile lapho ihlinzekwa yi-luthier.
- Amabhanjo - Ama-Banjo afika ngezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene njengama-banjo asekelwe evulekile, ama-banjo anezintambo ezinhlanu, ama-plectrum banjo kanye nama-tenor banjo alungele zonke izitayela zomculo wesintu ovamile njengomculo we-bluegrass noma amashuni efidla e-Appalachian yakudala. Uma lolu hlobo lwensimbi ludinga ukulungiswa noma ufuna ukwenza olwakhelwe ngokwezifiso qiniseka ukuthi i-luthier yakho inolwazi lokuphatha lolu hlobo lomsebenzi ngoba kungaphezu nje kwezintambo ezihilelekile!
- Ama-Mandolin - Ama-mandolin afika ngezitayela ezimbili eziyinhloko - isitayela sika-F (esibukeka njengo-'F' uma sibhekwa phezulu) noma imbobo eyindilinga (enezimbobo eziyisishiyagalombili eziyindilinga). Zombili zinemizimba engu-x ezivumela ukudlalwa ngezindlela zokukha ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa kuziginci kodwa ama-mandolin adinga izintambo zegeji ezacile ukuze zivumelane nobude besikali esifushane nokuyinto engaphathwa kahle yi-luthier enolwazi kuphela! Futhi uma uke wafuna izingxenye ze-mandolin zishintshwe njengezikhonkwane ze-headstock zokulungisa noma ibhuloho ungabheki kude kune-luthier yangakini nganoma yiziphi izidingo zokusevisa.
Izinsimbi Zomoya
Izinsimbi zomoya ziyiqembu lezinsimbi ezidinga umdlali futhela kuzo ukuze udale umsindo. Nakuba ezinye izinsimbi ezifuthwayo zinekhono lokukhuliswa, azidingi ugesi noma izingxenye ze-electronic ukuze zikhiqize umsindo. Izinsimbi zomoya ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amashubhu anobude obuhlukahlukene nosayizi futhi zinezimbobo lapho umoya udinga ukuqondisa khona umdlali ukuze kukhiqizwe umsindo. Iningi lalawa mathuluzi liyasetshenziswa zethusi, imimoya yokhuni, kanye nemihlanga/amamembrane.
Izinsimbi ezivamile zomoya zihlanganisa:
- Umndeni wethusi (icilongo, i-trombone, i-tuba);
- Umndeni wakwaWoodwind (umtshingo, i-clarinet, i-oboe); futhi
- Umndeni womhlanga (saxophone).
Izinsimbi zethusi zenza umsindo omkhulu ozwakalayo ngenkathi imimoya yokhuni ithambile ngevolumu nge-timbre "yokhuni" efana nezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo. Amalungu omndeni womhlanga asebenzisa umhlanga owodwa noma kabili lokho dlidliza lapho kushaywa umoya ngokusebenzisa kwabo ukudala amathoni ayingqayizivele ahlotshaniswa nomculo we-jazz.
The luthier uchwepheshe onolwazi noma ingcweti esebenza ngokukhethekile ekwakheni noma ekulungiseni izingxenye zensimbi yomoya njengezinsimbi, okhiye/amavalvu, nezinsimbi zomlomo ukuze zidlaleke kahle kanye nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwe-acoustic mayelana nephimbo. I-Luthiers ingase futhi ihlonyiswe ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze kulungiswe izintuba ezikhona noma imifantu kumapani ensimbi yomoya kanye nokwenza amakesi nezitendi zokufaka ngokwezifiso. Njengoba kunezingxenye eziningi ezincane ezihilelekile ekwakheni ucezu ngalunye kufanele banakekele kakhulu futhi bazinikele lapho bakha ingxenye yensimbi ngayinye ebangela ukuthi lo msebenzi udinge isethi yekhono eliphezulu kakhulu elithatha iminyaka ukulithola!
Izinsimbi Zomculo Zesigubhu
Izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo zisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlobonhlobo zemisindo yomculo ngendlela ukushaya, ukunyakazisa noma ukuklwebha. Bangaba noma ishuniwe noma ingashuniwe futhi uhla lwazo lwamathoni lukhiqizwa ngezindlela ezintathu; ukudlidliza, ukuthintana kanye nokungqubuzana. Okuvame ukwaziwa njengomgogodla weqoqo lomculo, izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo zihlinzeka ngesisekelo esibalulekile esinesigqi sezingoma nokuvumelana okuzothuthukiswa.
Izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo ezishuniwe zihlanganisa izigubhu ezifana nalezi i-timpani, i-conga, izigubhu ezihlukahlukene njengezigubhu zogibe ezimashayo, ama-bongos nama-tom-tom angangesandla. Lezi zakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene kuhlanganise insimbi, izinkuni, ipulasitiki eqinile noma i-ceramic. Imvamisa idinga ukushunwa okuthile yi-luthier ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuze ikhale ngendlela efanele endaweni yomculo ezosetshenziswa kuyo. Izinsimbi ezishaywayo ezingashuniwe ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene njengokuthi izinsimbi zokhuni, amathamborini namasongo e-ratchet: lawa enza iphimbo lawo elinqunyiwe ngokusekelwe kubude noma usayizi wento esetshenziswayo esikhundleni sokushunwa kusetshenziswa iluthier.
I-frequency lapho umsindo ophuma khona incike ku- Inqwaba yezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwayo (igobolondo) kanye nokushuba kwayo (ikhanda). Ukungezwani kwekhanda kuvame ukulungiswa ngokhiye wesigubhu kuyilapho amagobolondo evamise ukwakhiwa ngezinkuni njenge maple noma i-birch kuye ngokucaciswa okufunayo njengevolumu ne-timbre efiswayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izigubhu zinezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ezengeziwe ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwazo ezivumela amathoni engeziwe ukuthi akhiqizwe lapho eshaywa ezingxenyeni ezengeziwe zazo - ikakhulukazi. ama-chimes omoya noma ama-cowbells igibele phezu Izigubhu ze-Surdo kutholakala phakathi kwezinhlobo zomculo ezinethonya lesiLatini.
Ngokusebenzisana eduze nama-luthier anolwazi uxhaxha lwamathoni okushaywa lungaklanywa ngendlela efanele nganoma iyiphi inhloso ngaleyo ndlela enze ngcono ukusebenza kwawo bobabili abaculi abasafufusa abafuna ukuvela esiteji noma ochwepheshe bokuqopha abafuna umsindo othize ngenxa yemizamo yokukhiqiza ukuze kube lula umphumela ongcono kusukela ekuzilolongelweni kuye phambili ngokufaka isicelo ngokuzimisela. ukuthuthukiswa okuvela emazingeni amakhulu okunemba ekugcineni ahlinzekwa ngezinsizakalo ezinolwazi lweluthiary ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke namuhla!
Amathuluzi Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
AmaLuthiers, noma abenzi besiginci, dala amathuluzi kusukela ekuqaleni, ukulungisa kanye nokuvuselela amathuluzi akhona, nokwenza izinguquko kumathuluzi akhona. Ukwenza umsebenzi wabo, ama-luthiers asebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo ze amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha.
Common amathuluzi asetshenziswa yi-luthiers amasaha, amafayela, ama-drill nama-screwdriver, namasander. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ama-luthiers zifaka ukhuni, izikulufu namabhawodi, iglue yokunamathisela, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa ezifana unina weparele noma i-abalone.
Ake sihlole lezi zinsiza namathuluzi ngokujula okwengeziwe:
Amathuluzi Okwenza Ngokhuni
AmaLuthiers kumele abe nolwazi olujulile lwezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi okhuni ukuze enze izinsimbi ezinekhwalithi yomsindo oyifunayo nokubukeka. Kuya ngohlobo lwensimbi oyenzayo, ukukhethwa kwezinkuni kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kungathinta izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokuminyana nesisindo.
Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa nokusebenza ngezingcezu zokhuni ezitholakalayo, ama-luthiers kumele asebenzise kahle amathuluzi amaningana okuhlanganisa amasaha, amafayela, izando, amashizolo, ama-drill nama-routers. Lawa mathuluzi abavumela ukuthi bashefe phansi impahla eyeqile, balolonge izingcezu zibe yizimo ezifiselekayo futhi bahlanganise izingxenye ngokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-luthiers amaningi asetshenziswa izindiza zezandla kanye nezintambo ukucwenga ukuthungwa kwendawo nokukhiqiza izingxenye ezisiza abadali baphile imibono yabo.
Okokugcina, kunezinye izinto ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni okuhlanganisa:
- Glue zokuhlanganisa izinto ezihlukene njengamabhodi okhuni noma isikhumba sezilwane.
- I-Varnish okwezindawo zokuvala.
- Izikhonkwane noma okuthunyelwe yokuxhuma izingxenye ezahlukene.
- Izintambo noma izintambo ukukhiqizwa komsindo wokudlidliza.
- Khetha onogada ezivikela ama-surface finishes ukuthi angagugi.
- Amafutha ahlukene isetshenziswa ezindaweni zokhuni ukuze kuthuthukiswe amaphethini okusanhlamvu noma izimfanelo zethoni.
- Ama-Frets okunikeza amaphuzu okukhipha ingcindezi lapho ucindezela izintambo ngokumelene nawo ngenkathi ugcina izikhawu ezifiswayo phakathi kwamanothi.
Zonke lezi zingxenye nezinto zokwakha zakha iresiphi eyingqayizivele evumela ama-luthier ukuthi athumele indalo yawo eqediwe emhlabeni!
Amathuluzi Okusebenza Ngensimbi
AmaLuthiers sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile aklanyelwe ukubumba insimbi ukwenza nokulungisa izinsimbi zochungechunge. Amathuluzi okusebenza ngensimbi ahlanganisa amasaha ahlukahlukene asika insimbi, kuhlanganise namasaha namasaha wokuskrola; shayela imishini yokumba izimbobo ekujuleni okuthile ngokunemba; ama-grinder, asetshenziselwa ukugaya insimbi ukuze alolonge insimbi; futhi Ama-welders we-MIG engasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zensimbi ndawonye. Ukwengeza, imishini efana namashekeli, izinkinobho zamabhuleki kanye ne-punch press yenza ama-luthiers akwazi goba, usike futhi wenze izingxenye zensimbi zensimbi.
Ama-sanders kagesi, amasondo okupholisha nama-dremel konke kuyizingcezu zemishini edingekayo lapho kwakhiwa imiklamo efakiwe kuma-frets noma ipuleti elingemuva lensimbi. Amanye amathuluzi abalulekile afaka:
- Amabhokisi amathuluzi ukugcina izimpahla ngokuphepha futhi kalula.
- Abaqaphi ukuze kukale izingxenye ngokunembile.
- Janawari ukuvikela izingubo ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
- Ama-Vises ukusebenza ekulungiseni izinsimbi ngezandla ezimbili mahhala.
- Ukukhulisa izibani ukuze uthole ukukhokha okuningiliziwe kwe-workpiece.
Ama-Specialty Tools
Amathuluzi akhethekile avame ukudingeka lapho udala futhi ulolongwa iziginci zangokwezifiso. Amathuluzi amaningi akhethekile asetshenziswa ama-luthiers anemiklamo ehlukile ewenza kube lula ukuwasebenzisa lapho usebenza nezingxenye ezincane zesiginci noma i-bass.
- Izindiza ezikhombayo - Lezi zindiza zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa induku ye-truss, kanye nokukhipha amapheshana ezinkuni endaweni yokhalo lwama-acoustic guitar kanye neziginci zikagesi ezingenalutho.
- Amafayela athweswe imiqhele -lawa mafayela aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukubumba nokuqopha amahhashi esiginci se-acoustic. Ziza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene, kusukela ku-double-gouge encane ukuya ku-triple-gouge enkulu, enikeza i-luthiers evumelana nezimo lapho isebenza ngamathuluzi athile.
- I-Rasps - Lawa mafayela okusika ensimbi asebenzayo avumela ama-luthier ukuthi alolonge ngokushesha ukhuni, izingxenye ezihlotshiswe nge-laminated kanye nama-fretboard epulasitiki ngokunemba.
- Amathuluzi e-Dremel - Amathuluzi ajikelezayo njenge-Dremel ayigugu kakhulu ngoba angena kahle ezindaweni eziqinile, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izimo eziyingqayizivele ngenkathi kunciphisa isikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza isihlabathi.
- Abasiki bensimbi be-strummingi - Isetshenziselwa ukusika izikhala ezindongeni ze-truss ukuze zilungiswe kahle entanyeni yesiginci.
- Qeda ama-scaler – Ithuluzi okufanele ube nalo lokusika izinto ezibophayo emzimbeni noma entanyeni lapho kuhlanganiswe khona nembobo yomsindo ensimbini yokukhala.
Imfundo Nokuqeqesha
Ukuba i-luthier noma umenzi wezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo akayona into encane. Kudinga imfundo enkulu, ulwazi kanye nesipiliyoni ukuze uphumelele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo ze umsebenzi wezinkuni, umsebenzi wensimbi kanye nokuqonda umakhenikha nama-acoustics wokwakha izinsimbi.
Kulesi sigaba, sizofaka imfundo nokuqeqesha okudingekayo ukuze ube yi-luthier.
Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi
Ukufundela umsebenzi nge-luthier esunguliwe kuyindlela enhle yokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ube yi-luthier ephumelelayo nethembekile. Izinhlelo zokufunda ziyahlukahluka ngobude nangesitayela kodwa ngokuvamile zihilela ukunikezwa imisebenzi eyenziwa ngesandla ngumeluleki wakho, uhambo lokubuka umsebenzi wengcweti oyinhloko, nokuphelezela umeluleki wakho ekulungiseni amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye nama-aphoyintimenti edizayini. Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kungase futhi kunikeze ukufinyelela kumathuluzi, izinto zokwakha, nokuxhumana okungenzeka kube nzima noma kungenzeki ukukuthola.
Ngokusebenza nsuku zonke nochwepheshe onolwazi, ungafunda amasu namakhono adingekayo okubuyisela amathuluzi kanye nokwakha amasha. Uzofunda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani izinto zekhwalithi futhi uzilolonge ngobuchwepheshe zibe izinsimbi zomculo ezisebenzayo. Uzothola nokuqonda okubalulekile ngenqubo ehlukile yokudala ehilelekile uphuphe imiklamo yokuqala, ukubeka izinhlelo esenzweni, ukuxazulula izinkinga zobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda izidingo zamakhasimende kanye nalokho akufunayo, ukuhlangabezana nezinsuku eziwumnqamulajuqu, phakathi kwezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile zemisebenzi.
Imfundo Ehlelekile
Ukuba i-luthier akuyona indlela emfushane. Kudinga ukubekezela, ukuzimisela nokusebenza kanzima. Ama-luthier amaningi athola amakhono awo ngemfundo esemthethweni evela ezikoleni zezohwebo, noma ngokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi nomunye umfundi.
Abantu abafuna ukuba yi-luthier ngokuvamile badinga ukuqeqeshwa ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha zeminyaka emibili noma emithathu ezinikezwa izikole ezikhethekile zezohwebo kanye nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuklama izinsimbi zomculo ezivame ukuhlanganisa okukhethekile emiklamo kagesi, i-acoustic ne-bass guitar kanye nama-mandolin namaviolin. Lezi zinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezikhethekile zivame ukwethula abafundi emlandweni wezinsimbi zomculo, zibafundise ikhono lobuciko, amasu okukhanda kanye i-physics yamagagasi omsindo.
Ngaphandle kwamakhono okuqala afana nokusaha, ukuqopha, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa izingcezu ngeglu noma izikulufu, abafundi bangase badinge ukuzakhela awabo amathuluzi anjengama-screwdriver, amapulangwe namasaha. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu phakathi neminyaka emibili noma emithathu bangase bakwazi qala ukulungisa izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ngobungcweti. Ukuze kwenziwe ukulungisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu amanye ama-luthiers kuyodingeka asebenzisane namaqembu ochwepheshe abalungisa amaphrojekthi okulungisa kabusha izinsimbi ahilela ukulungisa kabusha izintamo noma imizimba yeziginci kanye nokwenza izinguquko zikagesi kuziginci zikagesi kanye nokuqedwa okukhethekile kweziginci nezinsimbi ze-woodwinds.
Ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngezinto zokwakha ezintsha noma ubuchwepheshe abaningi bomakadebona be-luthier benza izifundo ezithuthukile ukuze balungise amakhono abo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zamanje zemakethe. Le mfundo eqhubekayo ibasiza ukuthi baqinisekise ukunemba ekulungiseni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imiklamo yoqobo yezinsimbi zakudala.
izitifiketi
Emkhakheni we-luthiery, ayikho isethi eyodwa yezitifiketi ezisezingeni eliqinisekisa ukufaneleka kulo msebenzi. Abaningi be-luthier abaphumelelayo baye bafunda amakhono abo ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi nabantu abanolwazi lwezandla noma ngokuzifundela bona ngokwabo. Kodwa izitifiketi zitholakala ngezikhungo zemfundo nezinhlangano ezithile, ezihlinzeka ngesakhiwo esisemthethweni sokuthola ulwazi oludingekayo namakhono.
Izinketho zesitifiketi zifaka:
- Izinhlelo Zesitifiketi eLuthiery ezifundiswa ezikoleni ezikhethiwe zobuchwepheshe nezohwebo. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza isingeniso esijulile emicabangweni nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwesiginci sezinga eliphezulu, ezigxile kuziginci zikagesi noma ze-acoustic.
- Isitifiketi Somsebenzi Onelayisensi, eklonyeliswe i-American Institute of Guitar Building ngemva kokuphasa uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezibonisa amakhono akhethekile, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokwakha nezindlela zokulungisa kokubili izinsimbi ze-acoustic nezikagesi.
- Ukuqinisekisa okuqinisekisiwe kwe-Luthier ihlinzekwe yi-Ceranteed Guild of Guitarsmiths (CGG). Lokhu kuqinisekisa kunikezwa ngemva kokuqeda uhlelo olunzima oludizayinelwe ukuhlola ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwezici ezihlukahlukene zokwakha izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo njengeziginci.
Kulabo abasafufusa be-luthiers abangenawo ukufundiswa okusemthethweni, ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe okuqhubekayo ngamasemina, izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, izingqungquthela namanye amathuba okufundisa kungabasiza bahlale benolwazi ngamathrendi amasha emkhakheni wabo kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe ngezinto nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinsimbi.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
