ingcingane yingcinga esisiseko kwiinkalo zesandi nomculo. Ibhekisa kwinkqubo apho amaza esandi, ehambela ngaphandle ukusuka kumthombo wawo, gxuma imiphezulu ekhanyayo efana neendonga, iisilingi okanye imigangatho kwaye ubuyele kumthombo okanye kumphulaphuli.
Oku kudala ukulandelelana kwee-echos ezinokutshintsha kakhulu umgangatho wesandi okanye umculo. Ukucamngca kuneendlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo, ezinje ngo unyango lwe-acoustic kumagumbi kunye neeholo ezisetyenziselwa imveliso yomculo okanye imiboniso ephilayo.
Xa amaza esandi ebonakalisa indawo eqinileyo (efana neendonga nemigangatho), ayadibana kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba uphazamiso.
Njengoko la maza abonakalisiweyo edibana namanye, amanye aya kucinywa ngelixa amanye endiswa, zombini ezikhokelela kutshintsho kwiipateni zamaza oqobo.
Le ntsebenziswano yiyo eyenza ukuba kubekho ukuphinda ubuye (esidla ngokushunqulwa njengesenzi) nto leyo echaphazela indlela esiyibona ngayo imiba eyahlukeneyo yomthombo wesandi njengokucaca kwayo, ubunzulu kunye nexesha lokubola.
Amandla kunye nobomi obude besenzi kwakhona kumisela i iimpawu ze-acoustic yayo nayiphi na indawo ethile; izithuba ezikhulu zikholisa ukuba namaxesha amade okubonisa ngelixa izithuba ezincinci zinokuvelisa imiboniso emfutshane ephela ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela amagumbi aphathwa ngokuvakalayo zilungele izitudiyo zokurekhoda apho ulawulo oluchanekileyo phezu kweeparamitha ezilolo hlobo lufunekayo ukuze kuthathwe ngempumelelo kunye nokuxuba umboniso weaudio - nokuba iphuma kwilizwi, izixhobo okanye igubu.
Okokugqibela, xa kufikwa kwiindawo zokusebenza zokuhlala njengeeholo zekonsathi oku kuthetha ukubonelela ngomboniso owaneleyo ukuze abaphulaphuli bafumane iziphumo ezanelisayo kumava abo ngaphandle kokuvakala komile kakhulu okanye kunodaka. reverberation ngokugqithiseleyo echaphazela ukucaca ngokubanzi koko kudlalwa eqongeni.
Ingcaciso yokucamngca
ingcingane ngumbono oqhelekileyo ofumaneka kwimveliso yesandi kunye nomculo. Ukubonakalisa isandi sisenzo sokubetha kwesandi ukusuka kumphezulu, kwaye kuvelisa isandi isiphumo inokuba yiyo okanye ukukholisa okanye ukuphazamisa, kuxhomekeke kwindawo engqongileyo.
Ukuphonononga kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza i imvakalelo yendawo kwingoma, okanye ukunika i indawo ye-acoustic ukuze isandi siviwe. Yinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yesandi kwaye inokusetyenziswa kakhulu.
Ukubonakaliswa kwisandi
Ngesandi, reflection ibhekisa kwisenzeko samaza esandi abethelwa kumphezulu osicaba. Izandi zesandi ezingenayo ziya kuphambukiswa ukusuka kumphezulu kwaye uhambe nge indlela entsha (ebonakalisiweyo). de ekugqibeleni idibane nomnye umphezulu osicaba. Ukucamngca kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwindawo yethu yemihla ngemihla kwaye inezicelo ezininzi eziluncedo kwi-acoustics, ubunjineli bomsindo kunye nokuveliswa komculo.
Iimpawu ezibonisa umphezulu zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nobukhulu bazo, imilo kunye nokwakheka kwezinto. Xa amaza esandi edibana ne- umgangatho oqinileyo okanye oqinileyo zibonakaliswa ngamandla ngakumbi kunaxa zidibana a ithambile okanye inemingxuma ngaphezulu -njengekhaphethi okanye iiragi. Ukongeza, imiphezulu egobileyo enkulu ithanda ukusasaza imitha yamandla esandi kwindawo ebanzi kunezo zinobuso obumcaba. Lo mcimbi waziwa ngokuba ukuphinda ubuye, apho imiboniso emininzi igcwalisa i igumbi ngomgangatho we-echoey.
Ukuqonda indlela iipropathi ezibonisa ngayo ukusebenza kunokunceda amagcisa enze izandi ezidlamkileyo kwiingoma zawo ngokubeka izinto ezibekwe ngobuchule kwindawo yazo yokurekhoda (umz., iiphaneli zogwebu).
Ukucamngca kuMculo
Ukucamngca kumculo kukuphinda-phinda kwesandi esibangelwa kukubonakaliswa kweendonga, iisilingi, okanye ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo kwisithuba esiphakathi. Ukubonakaliswa kwesandi kwenzeka xa i-wave yesandi samandla esiphuma kumthombo waso sidibana nomqobo kwaye siphinde sibuyele kwindawo yokuqala.
Lo mcimbi unokuboniswa ngovavanyo olulula - ukuwisa izinto kwizikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo ezizaliswe ngamanzi. Ngethontsi ngalinye, uya kuva izandi ezibonisa amacala esikhongozeli kwaye zibuyela emva ezindlebeni zakho.
Isiphumo sesandi esibonakalisiweyo sinokudala iziphumo zomculo ezinomdla - njengokongeza ubunzulu kumculo okhoyo okanye ukuchonga izithuba ezikhethekileyo ze-sonic kwindawo ye-acoustic enikiweyo. Olu hlobo lokukhohlisa kwe-waveform luhlala lusetyenziswa ziinjineli zeaudio eziqeqeshiweyo ukomeleza umoya we-sonic kurekhodisho kunye nemidlalo ephilayo. Ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yefilimu njengombala ongaphezulu 'wombala' wokugxininisa imiboniso ngomculo. Igumbi ngalinye lineempawu zalo ezibonisa igalelo kwi-acoustics yalo, okwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwiinjineli kunye neemvumi ngokufanayo ukuqonda ukuba ezi zibonakaliso ziyichaphazela njani indlela ovakala ngayo umculo wabo.
Iintlobo zokuZikisa
ingcingane sisiganeko esichaphazela indlela isandi nomculo oviwa ngayo. Kukudibana phakathi kwesandi kunye nomphezulu, okanye imiphezulu emibini, eyenza ukuba isandi sibonakaliswe, okanye siphinde sibuyele kwicala elithile.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa, kunye nendlela ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa ezinokuchaphazela isandi okanye umculo oveliswayo:
Ukucinga Ngokuthe ngqo
Ukubonakaliswa okuthe ngqo kwenzeka xa amandla esandi ebonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka phezulu aze abuyele kwindawo aqale kuyo. Olu hlobo lokubonakalisa luqhelekile kwiimeko ezinomgangatho oqinileyo, njengeendonga kunye neesilingi kwiindawo ezivaliweyo njengamagumbi okanye ii-auditoriums. Amaza omsindo abe "xutyiwe" ekucingeni, okukhokelela ekunyukeni kokuqina kunye nokuphindaphinda. Esi siphumo siphawuleka ngakumbi ngamaza aphantsi.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwendawo enikiweyo, enokubangela ezininzi "zandi ezibonakalisiweyo" ezisebenza kunye ukwenza ivolyum engalindelekanga okanye ukuntsokotha kweacoustic. Ukubonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni isandi ngokubanzi sesithuba ngoku:
- Ukuqinisa i-resonant low frequency
- Ukudala ukuzinza ngakumbi kumanqaku
- Ukuba neovaroli “ngqindilili” or "Nzulu kakhulu" isiphumo ngaphandle kwayo.
Ukwahlula ukuQwalasela
Yandisa ukubonakalisa luhlobo lokubonisa apho amaza esandi athi atsibele kumphezulu ngokulinganayo, ukuze amaza esandi afikelela kumphulaphuli asasazwe ngokulinganayo macala onke. Olu hlobo lokubonisa lunokufumaneka kumagumbi amakhulu, avulekileyo okanye kwi-amphitheatre eneendonga ezigudileyo, ezinzima ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nekhonkrithi kunye nezitena. Diffuse reflection ikwabizwa ngokuba ukugqabhuka okukodwa okanye ukuphindaphinda.
Olu hlobo lokubetha kwesandi lunika ingqiqo epheleleyo yokufudumala kunye nokugcwala kwigumbi ngokuvumela isandi sokuqala ukuba sibambezele kwaye sidibanise nezinye iziboniso. Iluncedo kwiinjongo zokurekhoda kwaye iviwa ngcono xa umamele umculo kwiindawo ezinkulu ezifana neholo yekonsathi okanye iholo.
Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo
Kwisandi kunye nomculo, reverberation yi i-echo-like effect okubangelwa kukubonakaliswa rhoqo kwamaza esandi kwindawo evaliweyo. Sidalwa xa umthombo wesandi onjengesandisi-lizwi uvelisa isandi kwigumbi (okanye kwenye indawo), esiqalisa ukuphindaphinda ukusuka eludongeni, kwiisilingi nakweminye imiphezulu.
Ukuphindaphinda ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa isenzi ngokufutshane, kwaye yinto ebalulekileyo kwindlela ovakala ngayo umculo ongxolayo nogcweleyo kwindawo evalelweyo. Enyanisweni, iimvumi ezininzi ziyasebenzisa reverberation eyenziweyo ukuphucula ushicilelo lwabo ngeziphumo ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwesandi olulinganisa izinto zeholo yekonsathi okanye enye indawo enkulu.
Noko ke, isenzi esininzi sisenokwenza umculo ube nodaka kwaye ungacacanga, nto leyo ekhokelela kumava okuphulaphula adinayo ukuba kwenziwe ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ixesha lokubuyisela (RT) okanye ubungakanani bexesha elithathwayo ukuba esi sandi sibonakalisiweyo siyeke sinokuba nefuthe kokubini ukucaca kunye amandla yoshicilelo oluvakalayo.
Ukuthetha jikelele, RTs ezimfutshane zidla ngokujongwa ngcono ekurekhodweni ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo eziphilileyo njengoko zibonelela ngokucaca okwandisiweyo kunye nokunceda ukunciphisa ukuchitheka kwezinye izixhobo okanye imithombo yeaudio enokubakho kufutshane nalo naluphi na ulungiselelo lwemakrofoni olunikiweyo. Ii-RTs ezinde, kwelinye icala, ithande ukwenza isandi esishushu esilungele ngakumbi iingoma zezwi okanye iintambo ezirekhodiweyo kuba zinokunceda ukunika ubunzulu ezo zixhobo zinokuthi zingabikho ngaphandle kokudibana kongezwe kwi-acoustic reflection.
Iziphumo Zokucinga
ingcingane yinto ebalulekileyo yesandi kunye nomculo onempembelelo enkulu kwisandi esiphuma kwisithethi okanye kwisixhobo. Ukucamngca kuchaphazela indlela isandi okanye isixhobo esivakala ngayo, njengoko kuyinxalenye yendlela isandi esihamba ngayo esithubeni. Ukucamngca kunokuchaphazela i ukungxola, ukucaca kunye nokuphindaphinda yesandi, ngokwenza imbonakalo yamaza esandi kwindawo leyo.
Makhe sihlolisise iziphumo ze ukubonakalisa kwisandi kunye nomculo:
IReflection kunye neGumbi Acoustics
Uphononongo lokubonisa kunye ne-acoustics yegumbi kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela isandi esisabela ngayo kwindawo ebonakalayo. Ubuchwephesha be-acoustics begumbi bunceda ukudala iimeko ezingcono zokumamela, njengokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesandi okungafunwayo (Bhala) nokwandisa umthombo wokuva “ngqo”. ingcingane inamandla amakhulu okufunxa kunye nokubonakalisa amaza esandi kwiifrikhwekhwethe ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela imise isandi kwigumbi.
Nanini na xa iliza lidibana nomqobo liya kubonakaliswa ngaphandle kwawo. Ubungakanani bamandla abonakalisiweyo buxhomekeke kumphezulu wemathiriyeli, ii-engile, njl.njl. Xa isandi singena kwigumbi sifunxwa ngokuyinxenye zizinto zokwakha ezifana nefenitshala, iindonga okanye ikhaphethi, kodwa kumaxesha amaninzi amandla athile nawo aya kuthi saa abuyele kwicala lawo. imvelaphi kwakunye nezinye izikhokelo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokumila kwento/igumbi okanye nayiphi na imida ejikelezileyo. Oku kuchithwa kubizwa ngokuba reflection kwaye inokuthathelwa ingqalelo njengokwandisa okanye ukwahlula imbonakalo eviwa ngabaphulaphuli.
Ukucamngca kunokusinika amandla ngakumbi xa sisiva amaza aphantsi ngaphakathi kwendawo evalelweyo enemida (ingakumbi ukuba loo mida iyahambelana) ngenxa yamaza amaza aphantsi athi akheke phakathi kwezi ndonga zibonelela ngobunzima obuvakala ngakumbi kunezakhelo eziphezulu ezithanda ukushenxa kuzo. ngokukhawuleza endaweni yokuba ubuye umva kwimvelaphi yayo; oku kwaziwa ngokuba “iindlela zegumbi” - iincopho ezicacileyo kwiifrikhwensi ezithile ezibangelwa kukubonisa amaza asezantsi amaninzi abuyela umva kwiindonga ezahlukeneyo ezilungelelaniswe kwindawo ethile. Oku kunokusikhokelela kwiindawo eziyingxaki ezifunayo unyango acoustic -indawo ezimanzi okanye izinto ezifunxayo- ezinceda ukunciphisa iingcinga ezingafunekiyo zisinceda ukuba siqonde eyona nto siyinqwenela kakhulu:
UkuReflection kunye neZandi zasekuhlaleni
Ukuphononongwa kunye nesandi sasekuhlaleni zizinto ezimbini ezinxibelelanayo ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wesandi kwindawo. ingcingane ibhekisa ekubetheni kwamaza esandi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nakwizinto ezisegumbini, phambi kokuba afikelele ezindlebeni zomntu. Indawo kukudityaniswa kweendawo ezingeyombindi esithubeni kunye nokuqonda komntu apho isandi sisuka khona.
Xa kuziwa ekwenzeni umculo kwigumbi, ukubonakaliswa kunempembelelo enkulu kwindlela esiva ngayo. Ukuba kukho iindawo ezininzi ezikhanyayo, njengeendonga kunye neekona ezibonisa isandi esikhulu, kunokubangela ukwakhiwa kunye "nengxolo yamagumbi" egqithisileyo efihla iinkcukacha zomculo kwaye yenza izixhobo zibonakale zikude okanye zingabonakali. Amaxesha amaninzi le ngxaki iyandiswa ukuba loo miphezulu ibonakalisa isondelelene okanye ikufutshane nendawo yokuphulaphula ngokwayo.
Xa iingcinga zisakha ezindlebeni zethu ngolu hlobo, sinokufumana oko kudla ngokubhekiselwa kuko ukubhideka kwendawo, ukungahoywa okanye iimpazamo - xa singakwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo okanye ukuqaphela apho izandi ezithile zivela khona ngokubhekisele kuthi. Olu hlobo lwemeko lunokuthi lwenzeke xa imvumi idlala nomnye umntu ophendule umva kwaye engajonganga kuye - oko kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba badibanise indawo yabo (apho isixhobo ngasinye kufuneka siviwe) ngokuchanekileyo!
Ke ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo konyango lwe-acoustic kulawulo lokubonisa, njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli yokufunxa iipaneli ze-acoustic, ii-foam mattings njl., iba yinto ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukucaca okungcono kunye nokuchaneka komkhombandlela kumxube wethu okanye ukwenza. Uyilo oluhle lwe-acoustic lukwanceda ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka okunokwenzeka phakathi kwendawo yezixhobo ezininzi / amazwi ngaxeshanye - okukhokelela ekucaceni okuphuculweyo / ukukhululeka kokuphulaphula ngokubanzi!
UkuReflection kunye neMveliso yoMculo
Ukusebenzisa izibonakaliso kwimveliso yomculo kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo kunye nesebenzayo yokudala isandi esikhethekileyo. ingcingane ichazwa njenge ukubonakaliswa kwamaza esandi ezitsibela phezulu zize zibuyele ezindlebeni zomphulaphuli. Ngokulawula izinto zokubonisa okanye ukuzibonakalisa ngokwazo, kunokwenzeka ukwenza imixube enkulu yesandi.
Xa usenza umculo, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela imiboniso edibana ngayo, kunye nendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukugxininisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zengoma yakho. Uhlobo lwemathiriyeli ejikeleze umthombo inokuchaphazela zombini ubunzulu kunye nokuphindaphinda, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo ze-acoustic. Umzekelo, ikhaphethi iya kutsala amaza omoya aphezulu ngakumbi kunezinye izinto, ngelixa iindawo eziqinileyo njengekhonkrithi okanye iglasi ziya kuthi bonisa iifrikhwensi eziphezulu ngokulula ngakumbi.
Ukusebenzisa ubuchule obunje Isaci or ukulibaziseka, abavelisi banokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-ambient kumxube wabo kwaye bafezekise iziphumo ezizodwa nezinomdla. Isenzi sinika imvakalelo yokusingqongileyo nobunzulu ngokulinganisa izipili ezibetha ezindongeni; ngelixa ukulibaziseka kudala indawo enkulu ngokudala iinguqulelo ezininzi zophawu olufanayo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nolibaziseko olude ixesha ngalinye. Zombini ezi ndlela zizixhobo ezixabiseke kakhulu zokubeka izixhobo kwaye zizenze zivakale ngathi zezakho kumxube wakho.
Ukongezelela, EQ inceda ukubumba isandi ngokucoca iifrikhwensi ezinengxaki ukuze ushiyeke nezo miqondiso zifunwayo kumxube wakho. Oku kwenza izandi zilungelelane ngakumbi okukhokelela ekucaceni ngcono phakathi kwezixhobo phakathi komxube wakho, ukunciphisa naziphi na iziphumo zokugquma ezinokubakho ezibangelwa kukungqubana ngengozi kwamaza angafunekiyo avela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhuphisanayo kwindawo yesonic kumkhondo wakho. Njengoko uqhubeka nokugqibelela ubugcisa bakho ngokulinga nangayiphi na okanye yonke le miba ingasentla ecaleni kwezinye iindlela ezinje Ukunyanzeliswa kwaye ukutyabeka ungaqala ukwenza amaqhekeza antsonkothileyo kodwa amahle aphilayo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okucingayo kubonakaliswe ubuchule bobuchule bokukhohlisa!
isiphelo
Ukubonakaliswa kokuphakama kwesandi yingcamango eqhelekileyo kubunjineli besandi kunye nokuveliswa komculo. Ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela esiva ngayo isandi, ukusuka kwindawo esihlala kuyo ukuya kwizixhobo zethu zokumamela kwiirekhodi esizigcina kuzo. Ukwazi indlela imiboniso esebenza ngayo kunye nokuqonda indlela yokulawula kunokuphucula amava akho eaudio kuwo nawuphi na umxholo.
Iireflection ziyadalwa xa amaza amandla etsiba kumphezulu okanye kwizinto ezineempawu zeacoustic ezahlukeneyo, njengeendonga, imigangatho kunye nefenitshala. Ukucamngca kulinganiswa njengexesha elithatyathiweyo ukuze ezi patheni zamaza zifike kwindlebe yomphulaphuli emva kokuba zishiye indawo yazo kumgama othile—oku kwaziwa njenge. ixesha lokubuyisela (RT). Ixabiso le-RT lixhomekeke kwiimpawu zokufunxa zemigangatho ngaphakathi kwegumbi kwaye liya kwahluka ngokusekwe kubunzima, ukwakheka kwemathiriyeli, ukubumba kunye/okanye ukuphefumla. Ukongeza, njengoko iifom zamaza eziqhutywa emoyeni zinxibelelana enye kwenye zihlala zenza iifomati zamaza eziphakamileyo ezaziwa ngokuba “ukuhluza ikama” nto leyo echaphazela ngakumbi indlela izandi eziya kuviwa ngayo ngabaphulaphuli.
Nokuba ibonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo eqinileyo okanye idluliselwe ngezinto ezifana nefenitshala okanye iikhaphethi (eziziphatha ngokuvakalayo ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bazo), esi siphumo sisinceda ukuba siqonde okusingqongileyo okuchaphazela kakhulu indlela esijongwa ngayo indawo esingqongileyo kwaye sitshintshe kakhulu indlela esiyibona ngayo. isandi—somculo okanye ngenye indlela—kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ukuqonda oku kusivumela ukuba senze iziqwenga ze-acoustic ezisebenzayo ngokulawula amanqanaba okubonisa, nokuba ngaba:
- Ukuthambisa izandi ezinokungalungelelani kumagumbi amancinci kusetyenziswa imathiriyeli yokufunxa.
- Ukudala imigca ye-bass etyebileyo ngenxa yokuma kwamaza ajikeleze iikona.
- Iiseshini zokulandelela ezisebenzayo ngakumbi ezenziwa ekhaya ngaphandle kokongeza i-hardware eyongezelelweyo njengoko ubuya kwenza kwizitudiyo ezinkulu.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
