George William Fullerton (March 7, 1923 - July 4, 2009) anali wothandizira kwa nthawi yaitali. Leo Fender ndi, ndi chotetezera ndi Dale Hyatt, woyambitsa nawo G&L Zida Zanyimbo. Amadziwika kuti ndi zopereka zomwe zidapangitsa kuti apange gitala lamagetsi lolimba lopangidwa ndi misa.
George Fullerton anali wochita upainiya waku America wopanga magitala omwe adathandizira kupanga ndikusintha kamvekedwe ka magitala amakono amagetsi.
Zopangira zake zatsopano, monga Fullerton Wopanga masewera, yasiya kukhudza kwamuyaya padziko lonse la nyimbo ndi kuimba gitala. Koma ndani kwenikweni amene anali katswiri wopanga gitala waku America?
Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za moyo ndi ntchito ya George Fullerton.
Chidule cha George Fullerton
George Fullerton (1924-2009) anali woyimba gitala waku America yemwe adayambitsa Fender Musical Instruments Corporation mu 1946. Anagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Leo Fender ndi Don Randall, ndipo adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupambana kwa kampaniyo, popanga gitala lodziwika bwino la Stratocaster. kukulitsa kufikira kwake kumisika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Fullerton adapanganso ma Fender amplifiers ndi makabati oyankhula, komanso zida monga gitala loyamba lamagetsi la bass, Precision Bass.
Fullerton anabadwira ku Los Angeles, California ndipo anali ndi nyimbo zambiri asanalowe nawo gulu la Fender. Anaphunzira chemistry ku UCLA akugwira ntchito nthawi yochepa m'malo ogulitsa mawayilesi. Kupyolera muzochitikazi adapeza chidziwitso cha zomangamanga zamagetsi zomwe adazigwiritsa ntchito pochita nawo mgwirizano ndi Fender. Fullerton anali munthu wofunikira kwambiri popanga zokulitsa nyimbo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi oimba amakono, mapangidwe ake omwe amathandizira kuti pakhale nyimbo zokweza kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira masitayilo a nyimbo zokwezeka zotchuka mu rock n roll.
Wodziwika chifukwa cha chidwi chake mwatsatanetsatane, Fullerton adakhazikitsa mulingo wokhazikika waluso mkati mwa lutherie omwe osewera ambiri adawapatsa zida zomwe zidapereka mawu awo omwe amawafuna komanso kuwalimbikitsa kuti azisewera pa siteji komanso zolemba. Monga umboni wa kupambana kwake ndi kudzipereka kwake pakuchita bwino, zida zambiri za Fender zikupitirizabe kupangidwa molingana ndi mapangidwe oyambirira a George patatha zaka 70 atalengedwa akatswiri a gitala masiku ano amalumbirira iwo monga momwe amachitira akale awo zaka zambiri iwo asanakhalepo!
Moyo wakuubwana
George Fullerton anali woyimba komanso woyambitsa wa ku America wodziwika bwino popanga gitala lamagetsi la Fender Stratocaster mu 1954. Anabadwira ku Anaheim, California, mu 1921, ubwana wa Fullerton unali wodzaza ndi nyimbo ndi kumanga mawailesi kuchokera ku zida zotsalira. Nthaŵi zambiri ankapita kusitolo yogulitsira nyimbo za m’deralo komwe ankayeserera komanso kumva nyimbo zaposachedwa kwambiri. M’zaka za m’ma 1940, anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Leo Fender, yemwe anayambitsa Fender Music Corp.
George Fullerton anabadwira kuti ndipo liti?
George Fullerton anabadwa pa April 25, 1902 ku Decatur, Illinois. Bambo ake, a George Claud Fullerton, ankagwira ntchito ngati belu ku hotelo yapafupi ndipo amayi ake a Grace Everingham anali mayi wapakhomo. Banja linasamukira ku Los Angeles mu 1910 pamene George anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo anali ndi malingaliro achangu kuyambira ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Ankakonda kwambiri kusewera ndi zida zamagetsi, popeza makolo ake adamulimbikitsa kuchita zinthu zakunja kwa sukulu. Pamene ankakula, chidwi cha Fullerton pa nyimbo ndi zamagetsi chinakula ndipo anamanga mandolin amagetsi a zingwe ziwiri ali ndi zaka 13. Ndi chilakolako chachibadwa chopanga zinthu zatsopano kuchokera ku zipangizo zakale, chilakolako chake cha uinjiniya chinakula chomwe pambuyo pake chidzathandizira kupangidwa kwa chimodzi mwa zida zoimbira zodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - gitala la Fender Stratocaster.
Kodi banja lake linali lotani?
George Fullerton anabadwa pa October 26, 1950 ku Southern California. Makolo ake, Moses ndi Carla Fullerton, anali ochokera ku Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa, motsatana. Bambo ake anali ndi bizinesi ya ukalipentala ndipo amayi ake anali okonza nyumba. George anali ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu Arthur ndi azichimwene ake awiri, amapasa awiri Charley ndi Eugene.
Akukula George adakhala nthawi yochuluka ndi abale ake akumanga ndege zachitsanzo kuchokera ku nkhuni za balsa mumsonkhano womwe abambo ake adathamanga kuchokera pansi pa nyumba ya banja lawo kumene adalimbikitsa George kuti azikondana ndi zinthu kuti zikhale bwino. Anakulitsanso chiyamikiro cha nyimbo mwa kumvetsera nyimbo zimene mbale wake wamkulu nthaŵi zambiri ankabwera nazo kunyumba kuchokera ku koleji kumene anali kuphunzira panthaŵiyo.
George adapita ku Monroe Elementary School pafupi ndi pomwe adakulira kenako adapita ku Garfield Junior High School asanamalize ku Lincoln High School. Ali ku Sekondale, George anali ndi chidwi ndi sayansi yakuthupi atazindikira zamagetsi komanso zimango - adagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kuti ayang'anire zinthu monga mawailesi ndi masipikala kwinaku akudziphunzitsa yekha nthano za nyimbo panthawi yake yopuma.
Anayambanso kugwira ntchito m'nyumba mwake mwa kukonza zida zokulitsa abwenzi ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu! Atamaliza maphunziro ake a kusekondale, Fullerton adapanga chisankho choyang'ana kwambiri kupanga nyimbo kukhala ntchito yake zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apange zina mwazinthu zake zomwe zidasintha momwe magitala amapangidwira masiku ano.
Kodi maphunziro ake anali otani?
George Fullerton anali katswiri wodziphunzitsa yekha pakupanga ndi ukadaulo. Iye anakulira m’midzi ya ku Ontario, ndipo anapeza chitonthozo pocheza ndi makina ndi zamagetsi. Chizolowezichi chinasintha mofulumira kukhala chilakolako chake, ndipo anayamba kufufuza kwambiri luso la magitala amagetsi.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Fullerton adachoka ku Ontario kupita ku California atalamulidwa ndi abambo ake ndipo adapita ku Laguna Beach High School. Atamaliza maphunziro a kusekondale, adapita ku yunivesite ya Stanford komwe adapeza digiri yaukadaulo wamagetsi ku 1941. Pambuyo pake adamasulidwa ku usilikali chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, zomwe zinamulola kuti aganizire za chilakolako chake chokula cha luso la gitala.
Fullerton adayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana achitetezo pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, koma izi zidabwereranso ku chidwi chake chaukadaulo wa gitala pomwe machubu amplifiers ndi zida zina zamagetsi zidayamba kufalikira kwambiri pakati pa oimba. Nkhondo itatha, Fullerton adaganiza zoyamba ntchito yodzipangira yekha yemwe adapanga zida zamakono za oimba. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi chikapitilira kusintha mbiri yanyimbo kwamuyaya: Fender Electric Guitar!
ntchito
George Fullerton anali mpainiya woyambitsa zamagetsi yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Amayamikiridwa kuti adapanga gitala lodziwika bwino la Fender Stratocaster, ndipo zopereka zake zina ku kampaniyi ndi monga Fender Precision Bass ndi Amplifier. Ntchito ya Fullerton idadzipereka kwambiri pakufufuza ndikupanga njira zabwinoko zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa gitala lamagetsi. Analinso ndi udindo wopanga gitala yoyamba yolimba yamagetsi mu 1950.
Kodi ntchito yake inali yotani?
George Fullerton anali ndi ntchito yayitali komanso yosangalatsa, kuyambira ali wamng'ono wazaka khumi ndi zisanu pamene adalowa msilikali wa asilikali a ku United States. Pambuyo paulendo wazaka zinayi, adapitiliza maphunziro ake ndikulowa gawo la uinjiniya wamagetsi ndipo adalandira ma patent angapo okhudzana ndi ntchito yake.
Monga mainjiniya, adagwira ntchito kumakampani angapo komwe adapeza chidziwitso pazantchito zosiyanasiyana zaumisiri, kuyambira kupanga magetsi mpaka kupanga ma electromechanical. Zomwe adakumana nazo pantchito zidamupangitsa kuti alowe nawo mgulu la mainjiniya a Fender Electric Instruments Company ku Fullerton, California. Ku Fender, George anali ndi gawo lofunikira popanga magitala amagetsi ndi amplifiers kwa oimba nyimbo zazikulu kwambiri munthawi yathu monga Eric Clapton.
George adakhala ndi Fender mpaka 1964 asanasankhe kuchita zofuna zina monga pulofesa ku Fullerton College komwe adaphunzitsa maphunziro a acoustics ndi zamagetsi kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi zitatu mpaka atapuma pantchito ku 1977. Panthawiyi George anapitirizabe kuchita nawo zida zoimbira ndi zida zoimbira. kupanga zosankha zanyimbo zomwe zimapindulitsa oimba magitala padziko lonse lapansi lero.
Katswiri wodziwika bwino adamwalira pa Novembara 29, 2008 ali ndi zaka 85 atasiya mbiri yomwe yakhudza anthu ambiri kwazaka zambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zomwe adachita ngati mainjiniya wamagetsi.
Kodi zina mwa zinthu zake zochititsa chidwi n’ziti?
George Fullerton nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti adapanga magitala olemekezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anayamba ngati wophunzira ku Fender mu 1945 ndipo adakhala kumeneko kwa zaka pafupifupi theka, kenako adakwera kukhala wachiwiri kwa purezidenti ndi manejala wamkulu.
Pa nthawi yake ku Fender, Fullerton adapanga zida zambiri zodziwika bwino zomwe zidapitilira kupanga phokoso la nyimbo zodziwika kwazaka zambiri. Anapanga gitala yoyamba yamagetsi yamphamvu yolimba, ndikuyambitsa zinthu monga ma truss rods ndi ma contour omasuka zomwe zinachotsa zovuta zina za zida zamagetsi zoyamba. Ntchito yake inakhazikitsa mwamphamvu muyezo umene opanga ena akanadziyesa okha.
Fullerton adayala maziko ambiri amitundu yamakono yopangira ndi luso lake lopanga pothandizira kukonzanso zopangira zoyambilira za Leo Fender kukhala zidutswa zodziwika bwino monga magitala a Mustang, Bronco ndi Musicmaster. Kupambana kwake kwakukulu kunali kupanga mitu yamizere isanu ndi umodzi-chidziwitso chatsopano chomwe chinapangitsa opanga kupanga mosavuta kupanga zida zodziwika bwino izi popanda kusokoneza mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe awo.
Chitsanzo chokonzedwanso posakhalitsa chinakhala ndi chilolezo chaufulu ndi makampani ambiri, monga Gretsch ndi Rickenbacker, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito ngati nsanja yomwe amatha kupanga zida zawo pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za Fullerton za kusewera bwino komanso kukhulupirika kwa tonal.
Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi udindo wopanga zida zodziwika bwino za Fender Guitars, Fullerton adalemba zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo za kamangidwe ka gitala ndipo adalemba zolemba zamalangizo kwa osewera akatswiri komanso omwe akufuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi chimodzimodzi. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, iye analemba "Guitar Player Repair Guide" (1977), "The Fender Telecaster: History & Development" (1992) ndi "Guitar Player Repair Guide Volume 2: Magitare Amagetsi - Complete Guide To Setup And Maintenance" (2005). George Fullerton adathandiziranso kukhazikitsa mabungwe awiri omwe sanali oimba omwe anali odzipereka ku maphunziro: International Academy of Design & Technology (omwe kale anali LACTI) ku La Jolla, CA; Ndipo Eclipse Aviation Ya Albuquerque New Mexico - Kampani Yomwe Tsopano Imapanga Ma Jets Opepuka Kwambiri Pomwe Nthawi Imodzi Ikupanga Mapulogalamu Ophunzitsa Oyendetsa Oyendetsa Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Ndi Masukulu Oyendetsa Ndege Kudera La America Ndi Padziko Lonse Lapansi.
Cholowa
George Fullerton anali katswiri woimba gitala yamagetsi, kupanga zina mwazojambula zodziwika bwino zamakampani. Zopanga zake zodziwika bwino zinali magitala a Fender Stratocaster ndi Telecaster, onse opanga makampani otsogola. Ankadziwikanso chifukwa chokonda kwambiri nyimbo ndi sayansi, zomwe zinamulimbikitsa kupanga zida zodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya rock and roll. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane za cholowa chake.
Kodi zina mwazochita zake zazikulu zinali zotani?
George Fullerton ndi wodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya nyimbo ndi gitala. Adapanganso gitala la Fender Stratocaster, imodzi mwamagitala odziwika kwambiri amagetsi nthawi zonse. Adapanganso The Fender Precision Bass, gitala yoyamba yamagetsi yamagetsi yovutitsidwa.
The Stratocaster ndi luso loimba lomwe likugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi oimba amasiku ano komanso aficionados. Zawoneka kwa mibadwomibadwo mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo, kuphatikizapo rock, jazz, dziko ndi blues ndipo zakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kwa onse omwe amafufuza phokoso lawo lapadera.
Chothandizira china chachikulu cha Fullerton kudziko lanyimbo chinali The Fender Precision bass, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti apange ma bass ena angapo nthawi yonse yomwe amagwira ntchito ku Fender monga Jazz bass, P-Bass (Precision Bass) ndi mabasi a Mustang. Iliyonse mwa mitundu iyi idapatsa osewera mwayi wochulukirapo potengera luso lazomveka pamagawo osiyanasiyana a bajeti. Masiku ano zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba odziwika padziko lonse lapansi kufunafuna masitayilo owonjezera a kamvekedwe kawo.
Pomaliza George Fullerton adatisiya ndi malingaliro angapo omwe adakhala nawo pazaka zake za 25 ndi Fender Music Corporation; umodzi ndi mlatho wa tremolo womwe umakulitsa kusinthasintha kwa zida za zingwe monga magitala amagetsi ndi violin kuti ziwongolere ku vibrato - izi zadziwika kuti The Mexican Standard masiku ano m'mitundu yambiri kuzungulira zida za zingwe zokulira masiku ano monga magitala akale etc…
Kupatula pazochita zake zazikulu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa George Fullerton adathandizira kwambiri kuzinthu zambiri zapadera pakupanga magitala monga kupereka bolt-pa makosi otsutsana ndi kupha khosi lomatira m'njira zosiyanasiyana pakupanga zida zambiri pogwira ntchito ku Fender zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti adziwike mpaka lero kutipatsa. mawu odziwika bwino omwe akhala amoyo kwazaka zambiri kukhudza pafupifupi amplifier kapena stomp box yomwe idapangidwa kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kuphatikiza kuyatsa / gawo / kukakamiza kuyatsa ma amplifiers! Zonsezi zikuwonetsetsa kuti chida chokhazikika chikamaseweredwa pa siteji iliyonse yomwe ingaganizidwe padziko lonse lapansi ndikutulutsa mawu apamwamba omwe tikusangalala nawobe mpaka pano!
Kodi ntchito yake yakhudza bwanji makampani opanga gitala?
George Fullerton, yemwe anabadwa pa Ogasiti 1, 1923, ndi wofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga gitala. Ntchito yake ndi Leo Fender ndi Fender Musical Instruments inapanga mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino ya Fender yomwe imadziwikabe mpaka pano.
Fullerton adagwirizana ndi Leo Fender mu 1946 kuti apange magitala odziwika bwino ndi amplifiers omwe adapangidwapo ndi Fender Musical Instruments. Zina mwa zomwe adalenga ndi Telecaster, Precision Bass, Stratocaster ndi Jazzmaster. Zothandizira za awiriwa sizinangosintha kamvekedwe kamakono ka gitala komanso zidapanga chida chopangidwa mochuluka chomwe chidathandizira osewera magitala osasewera kuti alowe nawo m'magulu akadaulo mosavuta kuposa kale.
Zotsatira za kupangidwa kwa Fullerton ndi Fender zimamvekabe mpaka pano m'makampani onse oimba. Osewera amitundu yonse amakonda ntchito yawo, kuphatikiza osewera a jazi, rock & roll ndi blues omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magitala kwambiri pamasewera awo. Mazana a zisudzo padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito Telecasters ndi Stratocasters ngati gawo la zida zawo wamba akamasewera kapena kujambula muma studio. Magitala opangira ma siginecha opangidwa makamaka kwa osewera odziwika akupitilizabe kutulutsidwa kuyambira pomwe mitundu yawo yoyambirira idapangidwa kale mu 1946, kuwonetsa momwe Fullerton ndi Faulkner amapangira kutsogolo.
Kupambana kwakukulu komwe zida za Fender kumabwera kumachokera m'masomphenya a George Fullerton a chida chatsopano chomwe chingafikire gawo lalikulu la msika kuposa momwe zingathere kwa woyimba gitala kapena woimba nyimbo. Ndi chifukwa cha khama lake kuti mamiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi akhala eni ake a Ampeg amplifier achangu komanso mafani a Telecaster kapena Stratocaster - pakadapanda luso lake zaka 70 zapitazo, sizikanatheka lero!
Kutsiliza
George Fullerton anali m'modzi mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri pakampani yagitala ya Fender padziko lapansi. Anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kukulitsa gitala lodziwika bwino la Stratocaster, ndipo chikoka chake chimawonekera m'magitala ambiri omwe oimba akugwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Kudzipereka kwake, luso lake komanso chidwi chake zinali zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndipo zinasiya cholowa chosatha mumakampani a gitala. M'nkhaniyi tiona moyo wa George Fullerton ndi zotsatira zosatha zomwe wakhala nazo pa dziko la nyimbo.
Chidule cha moyo ndi ntchito ya George Fullerton
George Fullerton anabadwira ku Akron, Ohio mu 1922. Anasamukira ku Seattle nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse isanayambe. Anagwira ntchito yamagetsi mu Navy panthawi ya nkhondo ndipo adalemekeza luso lake ndi magetsi ndi zamagetsi. Nkhondo itatha, adapita ku yunivesite ya Washington lero ndipo adalandira digiri ya uinjiniya wamagetsi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi digiri ya masters kuchokera ku California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Zimene Fullerton anakumana nazo pa nkhani ya zamagetsi, kuphatikizapo ukatswiri wake wa sayansi ndi uinjiniya, zinam’pangitsa kukhala katswiri wofunidwa kwambiri. Mwinanso chodziwika bwino, Fullerton amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa anzake oyambirira a Leo Fender ku Fender Electric Instruments Company. Iye, Clif 'Mr.Tremolo' Wineright, ndi Doc Kauffman anapanga imodzi mwa mapangidwe oyambirira a gitala yamagetsi ndipo adapanga mtundu wawo pambuyo pophatikiza mu Fender. Kuphatikiza pa chothandizira chachikuluchi m'mbiri yanyimbo, Fullerton adagwiranso ntchito pazinthu zina zambiri monga ma amplifiers, ma pre-amps ndi zojambula zamagetsi pazida zoimbira.
Fullerton adachita bwino pa Fender komanso pambuyo pake ku Randall Smith's G&L Guitars kwazaka zambiri asanamwalire chifukwa cha khansa pa Januware 10th 2002; anali ndi zaka 79. Cholowa chake monga woyambitsa chikhoza kuwonedwa m'zinthu zambiri zamakono zopanga nyimbo kuchokera ku zipangizo zamawu mpaka makompyuta komanso kulemekezedwa Posthumously ndi NAMM (National Association Music Merchants). George Fullerton adasinthadi mbiri ya nyimbo ndi malingaliro ake & zatsopano; osati kudzera magitala okha koma kudzera ma amps & zida zina zomveka zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mawu amphamvu omwe timakondabe lero.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
