Leo Fender, wobadwa Clarence Leonidas Fender mu 1909, ndi amodzi mwa mayina otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya magitala.
Anapanga zida zingapo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapanga mwala wapangodya wa mapangidwe amakono a gitala lamagetsi.
Magitala ake amayika kamvekedwe kakusintha kwa rock ndi roll kuchoka ku zoyimba, zachikhalidwe ndi zomveka kupita ku mawu okweza, osokoneza.
Zotsatira zake pa nyimbo zitha kumvekabe mpaka pano ndi mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zolengedwa zake zimafunidwabe kwambiri ndi osonkhanitsa.
M'nkhaniyi tiona zitsanzo zake zonse zazikulu za gitala ndi makampani omwe anali ndi udindo wawo pamodzi ndi zotsatira zake pa nyimbo za zida ndi chikhalidwe chonse.
Tiyamba ndikuyang'ana kampani yake yoyambirira - chotetezera Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1946 pomwe adaphatikiza magawo agitala amodzi kukhala mapaketi agitala amagetsi. Pambuyo pake adapanga makampani ena angapo kuphatikiza Music Man, G&L Zida Zanyimbo, Amplifiers a FMIC ndi Proto-Sound Electronics. Chikoka chake chimatha kuwonekeranso m'mitundu yamakono monga Suhr Custom Guitars & Amplifiers omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zoyambira masiku ano kuti apange mitundu yawoyawo pamitundu yakale.
Zaka Zoyambirira za Leo Fender
Leo Fender anali katswiri komanso mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri mu nyimbo ndi mbiri ya gitala. Wobadwira ku California mu 1909, adayamba kucheza ndi zamagetsi ali kusukulu yapakati ndipo posakhalitsa adayamba kukhala ndi chidwi chogwira ntchito ndi zokulitsa nyimbo ndi zida zina. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, Leo Fender adapanga chokulitsa chomwe adachitcha Fender Radio Service, ndipo ichi chinali chinthu choyamba chomwe adagulitsa. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi zida zingapo zopangira magitala omwe pamapeto pake adzakhale ena mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kubadwa ndi Moyo Waubwana
Leo Fender anali mmodzi wa iwo akatswiri opanga zida zoimbira, kuphatikiza gitala lamagetsi ndi zolimba thupi basi magetsi. Wobadwa ngati Clarence Leonidas Fender mu 1909, pambuyo pake adasintha dzina lake kukhala Leo chifukwa cha chisokonezo pamatchulidwe. Ali mnyamata, anayamba ntchito zingapo pamalo okonzera wailesi ndi kugulitsa nkhani posinthanitsa ndi magazini. Sipanakhalepo mpaka pomwe adayambitsa Fender Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC) mu 1945 pomwe adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Magitala a Fender adasinthiratu nyimbo zodziwika bwino zokhala ndi mawu okweza magetsi omwe amapikisana ndi zida zoyimbira, ngakhale 1945 isanafike XNUMX kukulitsa chida chokhala ndi magetsi sikunamveke. Fender adachokera ku migodi ya malasha a ku Italy omwe adakhazikika ku California ndipo monga munthu yemwe adakumana ndi nyimbo zoyambirira za Country-Western komanso kukhala ndi luso lamakina ndizosadabwitsa kuti dzina lake ndi lofunika kwambiri mu nyimbo zotchuka masiku ano.
Gitala yoyamba yopangidwa ndi Leo Fender inali Esquire Telecaster yomwe imamveka pafupifupi nyimbo iliyonse yotchuka mpaka 1976 pomwe FMIC idatumiza mayunitsi opitilira 5 miliyoni! The Esquire idasinthika kukhala Wofalitsa, kenako adadziwika kuti Telecaster yotchuka lero - zonse zikomo kwa Leo Fender a zatsopano zatsopano. Mu 1951; adasinthanso nyimbo zodziwika bwino za pop ndi dziko poyambitsanso zomwe tikuzidziwa tsopano ngati mtundu wodziwika bwino wa Stratocaster womwe wakhala ukuseweredwa ndi oimba ambiri odziwika bwino kuyambira nthawi yomwe idagulidwa m'masitolo! Zopambana zina zodziwika bwino zikuphatikiza kupanga G&L Musical Products mu 1980 pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zokhala ndi zotulutsa zambiri kuposa zomwe zidawoneka kale zomwe zidayambitsa kupita patsogolo kwatsopano pakukweza mawu muchikhalidwe chodziwika!
Ntchito Yoyambirira
Leonard "Leo" Fender adabadwa pa Ogasiti 10, 1909 ku Anaheim, California ndipo adakhala zaka zake zambiri akugwira ntchito ku Orange County. Anayamba kukonza mawailesi ndi zinthu zina ali mnyamata ndipo anapanga kabati yosinthira galamafoni ali ndi zaka 16.
Mu 1938 Fender adalandira chilolezo chake choyamba cha Lap Steel Guitar, yomwe inali gitala yoyamba yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi anthu ambiri yokhala ndi zithunzi zomangidwa. Kupanga kumeneku kunayala maziko a zida zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nyimbo zokulirakulira zitheke, monga magetsi olimba amthupi, mabasi ndi amplifiers.
Fender adaganiza zongoyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zida zoimbira mu 1946 pomwe adayambitsa The Fender Electric Instrument Company. Kampaniyi inawona zopambana zambiri, monga Esquire (yomwe inadzatchedwanso Wofalitsa); iyi inali imodzi mwa magitala amagetsi oyamba olimba kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Pa nthawi yomwe anali pakampaniyi, Fender adapanga zida zodziwika bwino za gitala zomwe zidapangidwapo monga Telecaster ndi Stratocaster komanso ma amps otchuka monga Bassman ndi Vibroverb. Anakhazikitsanso makampani ena monga G & L omwe adapanga zina mwazojambula zake zatsopano; Komabe palibe aliyense wa awa amene anakhala ndi moyo kuti achite bwino atawagulitsa panthawi ya kusakhazikika kwachuma mu 1965.
Leo Fender's Guitar Innovations
Leo Fender anali m'modzi mwa opanga magitala otchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20. Zimene anatulukira zinasintha kwambiri mmene magitala amagetsi amapangidwira komanso kusewera, ndipo mapangidwe ake akuwonekabe mpaka pano. Iye anali ndi udindo kwa angapo mafano gitala zitsanzo ndi makampani. Tiyeni tilowe mu zomwe izo zinali.
Fender Broadcaster / Telecaster
Fender Broadcaster ndi wolowa m'malo mwake, Telecaster, ndi magitala amagetsi omwe adapangidwa ndi Leo Fender. Wowulutsa, yemwe adatulutsidwa koyambirira mu 1950 ngati "gitala yatsopano yamagetsi yaku Spain ya Fender" inali gitala yoyamba yopambana yamagetsi yamtundu waku Spain. Akuti kupanga koyambirira kwa Owulutsa kunali kochepa chabe pafupifupi mayunitsi a 50 asanathe kutha pakanthawi kochepa chifukwa cha chisokonezo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi dzina lake lotsutsana ndi ng'oma za Gretsch's 'Broadkaster'.
Chaka chotsatira, poyankha chipwirikiti cha msika ndi nkhani zazamalamulo ndi Gretsch, Fender adasintha dzina la chidacho kuchokera ku "Broadcaster" kukhala "Telecaster," yomwe idavomerezedwa kwambiri ngati mulingo wamakampani opanga magitala amagetsi. M'thupi lake loyambirira, linali ndi thupi lopangidwa kuchokera ku phulusa kapena matabwa a alder - khalidwe lapangidwe lomwe lidakalipo lero. Inali ndi zithunzi ziwiri za koyilo imodzi (khosi ndi mlatho), ziboda zitatu (voliyumu yayikulu, kamvekedwe ka mawu ndi chosankha chojambulira) kumapeto kwa thupi ndi chingwe cha zishalo zitatu kudutsa mlatho wamtundu wa thupi kumapeto kwina. Ngakhale samadziwika ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri kapena mawonekedwe a tonal, Leo Fender adawona kuthekera kwakukulu pamapangidwe osavuta awa omwe sanasinthe kwambiri pazaka 60 pambuyo pake. Amadziwa kuti ali ndi kena kake kapadera ndi kuphatikiza kwa ma coil awiri amodzi omwe amamveka phokoso lapakati komanso kuphweka kwake komanso kukwanitsa kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa kwa osewera onse mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa talente kapena zovuta za bajeti.
Fender Stratocaster
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za gitala yamagetsi padziko lapansi ndi Fender Stratocaster. Wopangidwa ndi Leo Fender, adayambitsidwa mu 1954 ndipo mwachangu adakhala chida chodziwika bwino. Poyambirira adapangidwa ngati kusintha kwa Telecaster, mawonekedwe a thupi la Stratocaster adapereka ma ergonomics abwino kwa osewera akumanzere ndi kumanja, komanso kupereka mawonekedwe osiyana a tonal.
Mawonekedwe a gitala iyi amaphatikizanso ma coil pickups atatu omwe amatha kusinthidwa paokha ndi toni ndi ma voliyumu osiyana, makina a mlatho wa vibrato (omwe amadziwika kuti tremolo bar masiku ano), komanso makina osakanikirana a tremolo omwe amalola osewera kuti azitha kumva mawu apadera kutengera momwe amamvera. adagwiritsa ntchito manja awo kuwongolera. Stratocaster inalinso yodziwika chifukwa cha khosi lake laling'ono, kulola osewera kuti azilamulira kwambiri dzanja lawo losautsa.
Maonekedwe a thupi la gitalali adziwika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo makampani ambiri akupanga magitala amagetsi amtundu wa Stratocaster masiku ano. Yakhala ikuseweredwa ndi oimba osawerengeka amitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mbiri yonse kuphatikizapo rocker ngati Eric Clapton ndi Jeff Beck mpaka mpaka oimba magitala a jazz monga Pat Metheny ndi George Benson.
Fender Precision Bass
Fender Precision Bass (yomwe nthawi zambiri imafupikitsidwa kukhala "P-Bass") ndi mtundu wamabasi amagetsi opangidwa ndi Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. Precision Bass (kapena "P-Bass") inayambitsidwa mu 1951. Inali yoyamba yopambana kwambiri yamagetsi yamagetsi ndipo yakhala yotchuka mpaka lero, ngakhale kuti pakhala pali kusintha kwakukulu ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mapangidwe m'mbiri yake.
Leo Fender adapanga chithunzithunzi cha Precision Bass kuti chikhale ndi cholondera chomwe chimateteza zida zake zamagetsi zosalimba, komanso zocheka zakuya zomwe zimathandizira kuti manja azitha kugunda kwambiri. P-Bass idaphatikizansopo chojambula chojambula chimodzi chomwe chimasungidwa m'nyumba yachitsulo, kukulitsa kulimba komanso kumveka bwino komanso kuchepetsa phokoso lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa chidacho. Mapangidwe awa adalandiridwa kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, pomwe opanga ena amaphatikiza zojambula zofananira ndi zamagetsi mu magitala awo.
Chodziwika bwino cha pre-CBS Fender Precision Bass chinali mlatho wokhala ndi zishalo zosunthika payekhapayekha, osayanjanitsidwa bwino potumizidwa kuchokera ku Fender motero amafunikira kusinthidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa zambiri; izi zinalola kuti katchulidwe katchulidwe kolondola kake kuposa kamene kamaperekedwa kudzera m'njira zamakina. Mitundu yamtsogolo yomwe idayambitsidwa CBS itagula Fender idapereka zosankha zingapo zazingwe ndi mabwalo a Blender omwe amalola osewera kuti asakanize kapena kuphatikiza zojambula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yamtsogolo imatha kupezeka yokhala ndi zida zamagetsi zogwira ntchito ngati zosinthira zokhazikika / zongosintha kapena zowongolera za EQ zosinthira kamvekedwe kamvekedwe bwino pa siteji kapena pa studio.
Fender Jazzmaster
Yotulutsidwa koyambirira mu 1958, Fender Jazzmaster inali imodzi mwamitundu yomaliza yopangidwa ndi Leo Fender asanagulitse kampani yake ya namesake ndikupita kukapeza mtundu wa gitala wa Music Man. Jazzmaster idapereka zotsogola zingapo, kuphatikiza khosi lalitali kuposa zida zina zanthawiyo. Inalinso ndi mabwalo osiyana a lead ndi rhythm, komanso kamangidwe ka manja ka tremolo.
Pankhani ya kamvekedwe ndi kumva, Jazzmaster anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya Fender's line-up-kusewera manotsi owala kwambiri ndi otseguka popanda kupereka nsembe kutentha kapena kulemera. Izi zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi omwe adatsogolera monga Jazz Bass (zingwe zinayi) ndi Precision Bass (zingwe ziwiri) zomwe zinali ndi phokoso lolemera kwambiri lokhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi abale ake monga Stratocaster ndi Telecaster, inali ndi zosinthika zambiri chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana yama tonal.
Mapangidwe atsopanowa adawonetsa kuchoka pamitundu yoyambirira ya Fender yomwe inali ndi ma frets opapatiza, utali wautali komanso zidutswa zamilatho zofananira. Chifukwa chamasewera ake osavuta komanso otsogola, idadziwika mwachangu pakati pa magulu a ma surf rock ku California omwe ankafuna kubwereza mawu a "surf" molondola kuposa momwe anthu a m'nthawi yawo amakadakhala ndi magitala achikhalidwe panthawiyo.
Cholowa chosiyidwa ndi Leo Fender chidakalipobe mpaka pano pakati pamitundu yambiri kuphatikiza nyimbo za indie rock/pop punk/Independent Alternative komanso oimba nyimbo za rock/ progressive metal/ jazz fusion
Zaka Zamtsogolo za Leo Fender
Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, Leo Fender adayamba nthawi yopanga magitala atsopano ndi mabasi. Ngakhale anali adakali mtsogoleri wa Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC), adayamba kukhala wotsalira pantchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za kampaniyo pomwe antchito ake, monga Don Randall ndi Forrest White, adalanda zambiri za kampaniyo. bizinesi. Komabe, Fender adapitilizabe kukhala wotsogola pamasewera a gitala ndi bass. Tiyeni tione ena mwa zitsanzo ndi makampani amene ankawayang’anira m’zaka zake zakutsogolo.
Magitala a G&L
Leo Fender anali ndi udindo wopanga magitala opangidwa ndi kampani yake ya G&L (George & Leo) Musical Instruments (yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970). Mapangidwe omaliza a Fender omwe adayambitsidwa ku G&L adayang'ana kwambiri pakusintha kwa Telecaster, Stratocaster, ndi mitundu ina yodziwika bwino. Zotsatira zake zinali zida zambiri zomwe zinaphatikizapo zitsanzo zapadera monga S-500 Stratocaster, Music Man Reflex bass guitar, Comanche ndi Manta Ray magitala komanso kuyambitsa zida zopanda gitala kuphatikizapo mandolin ndi magitala achitsulo.
Magitala a G&L adapangidwa ndi chidwi chake chodziwika bwino komanso mawonekedwe a phulusa kapena matupi a alder okhala ndi zomaliza za poliyesitala, makosi a mapulo, zikwangwani zala za rosewood zophatikizidwa ndi zithunzi zopangidwa ngati ma humbuckers apawiri; Zithunzi za Vintage Alnico V. Makhalidwe apamwamba monga 21 frets osati 22 ali mkati mwa filosofi ya Leo - khalidwe lapamwamba pa kuchuluka kwake. Ankakondanso zowoneka bwino m'malo mwa kupita patsogolo komwe ena ambiri opanga magitala adasiya kufunafuna nyimbo ndi masitayilo atsopano.
G&L idadziwika bwino chifukwa cha malankhulidwe ake owala ophatikizidwa ndi kukhazikika kochititsa chidwi, kusewera kosavutikira komwe kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwamakono ngati gudumu la trussrod pansi pa fretboard yomwe idalola osewera kuti azitha kusintha kupsinjika kwa khosi paokha m'malo modalira kukonza. lutha. Izi zidapangitsa G&L kutchuka pakati pa akatswiri oimba magitala komanso ena omwe amafunafuna mapaleti amawu apadera paulendo wawo wosewera gitala.
Music Man
M'zaka za 1971 ndi 1984, Leo Fender anali ndi udindo wopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana kudzera mwa Music Man. Izi zinaphatikizapo zitsanzo monga mabasi a StingRay ndi magitala monga Sabre, Marauder, ndi Silhouette. Anapanga zida zonsezi koma masiku ano pali zosiyana zambiri zomwe zilipo.
Leo adapatsa Music Man njira ina yofananira ndi mawonekedwe ake achikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito masitayilo atsopano athupi pamapangidwe ake. Kupatula mawonekedwe awo, chinthu chofunikira chomwe chidawapangitsa kukhala otchuka kwambiri chinali kamvekedwe kowoneka bwino chifukwa cha matupi amitengo yowala ndi makosi a mapulo poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe ka Fender kolemera kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za Fender kwa Music Man chinali malingaliro ake okhudza kusintha ndi kujambula. Zida za nthawi imeneyo zinali ndi malo ojambulidwa atatu okha poyerekeza ndi masinthidwe asanu amakono a zida zamakono. Leo adachitanso upangiri "wopanda phokoso" omwe adachotsa hum yolumikizidwa ndi zithunzi zina zopeza ndalama zambiri pomwe amawongolera zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zingwe panthawi yamasewera.
Leo adatha kugulitsa mtengo wake mukampaniyo ndikupeza phindu lalikulu lazachuma akuwona kupambana kwakukulu mzaka zimenezo asanachoke ku Music Man mu 1984 pomwe CBS idatenga umwini wonse.
Makampani Ena
M'zaka zonse za m'ma 1940, 1950 ndi 1960, Leo Fender adapanga zida zoimbira makampani angapo odziwika bwino. Adagwirizana ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza G&L (George Fullerton Guitars ndi Basses) ndi Music Man (kuchokera ku 1971).
G&L idakhazikitsidwa mu 1979 pomwe Leo Fender adapuma pantchito ku CBS-Fender. Panthawiyo G&L ankadziwika kuti gitala luthier. Zida zomwe adapanga zidachokera pamapangidwe am'mbuyomu a Fender koma zidasinthidwa kuti zimveke bwino. Anapanga magitala amagetsi ndi mabasi m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zamakono komanso zamakono. Oimba magitala ambiri otchuka adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya G&L ngati zida zawo zazikulu zoimbira kuphatikiza Mark Morton, Brad Paisley ndi John Petrucci.
Kampani ina yomwe Fender idakhudzidwa nayo ndi Music Man. Mu 1971 Leo adagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Tom Walker, Sterling Ball ndi Forest White kuti apange magitala odziwika bwino amakampani monga StingRay Bass. Pofika mchaka cha 1975, Music Man idayamba kukulitsa kuchuluka kwake kuchokera ku mabasi okha kuphatikiza magitala amagetsi omwe amagulitsidwa kwa makasitomala osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Zidazi zinali ndi zida zamapangidwe aluso monga makosi a mapulo kuti azitha kuyenda bwino komanso kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa osewera omwe amakonda kusewera mwachangu. Oyimba akatswiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magitala a Music Man akuphatikizapo Steve Lukather, Steve Morse, Dusty Hill ndi Joe Satriani pakati pa ena.
Kutsiliza
Leo Fender ndi m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka komanso olemekezeka kwambiri m'mbiri ya gitala. Mapangidwe ake adasinthiratu mawonekedwe ndi kumveka kwa magitala amagetsi, kutchuka kwa zida zolimba zomwe zimamveka m'nyumba zonse, m'malo ochitira konsati ndi nyimbo. Kudzera m'makampani ake-Fender, G&L ndi Music Man-Leo Fender adathandizira kupanga chikhalidwe chamakono chanyimbo. Amadziwika kuti adapanga magitala angapo apamwamba kuphatikiza Telecaster, Stratocaster, Jazzmaster, P-Bass, J-Bass, Mustang bass ndi ena angapo. Zopangira zake zatsopano zikupangidwabe lero ndi Fender Musical Instruments Corporation/FMIC kapena opanga otchuka ngati Relic Guitars. Leo Fender adzakumbukiridwa kwamuyaya ngati mpainiya wamakampani oimba omwe adalimbikitsa oimba kuti afufuze kuthekera kwa mawu amagetsi ndi zida zake zosweka.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
