U-Orville Gibson (1856-1918) wayengu luthier, umqoqi kanye nomkhiqizi wezinsimbi zomculo ezaba yisisekelo salokho okwaziwa namuhla ngokuthi Gibson Inkampani ye-Guitar.
Ongowokuzalwa e-Chateaugay, eNew York, u-Orville waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokuzama izindlela ezahlukene zokwenza intambo yensimbi. iziginci ngezimfanelo ezithuthukisiwe zomsindo.
Ngokuphumelela kwakhe kokuqala esandleni, wabe esesungula inkampani ezowakhiqiza. Izinsimbi zika-Orville - okuhlanganisa nama-mandolin - ngokushesha zaduma kubadlali, ikakhulukazi abaculi bezwe kanye ne-bluegrass.
Uphinde waba ngumsunguli wedizayini nasemafomini njengoba egunyaza izinto ezintsha ezimbalwa okuhlanganisa nendlela yakhe yokubhula nge-X ehlala iyindinganiso ekwakhiweni kwesiginci namuhla.
Ithonya likaGibson emhlabeni womculo lisaqhubeka nanamuhla; imikhiqizo yenkampani yakhe isahlonishwa kakhulu ngabaningi. Iziginci zakhe bezisetshenziswa amagama amakhulu emculweni kuyo yonke le minyaka okubalwa u-Eric Clapton, uPete Townshend noJimmy Page (ukubala abambalwa). Ngokungeziwe kumsindo wabo wekhwalithi ephezulu, baziwa ngemiklamo yabo ekhangayo eseyizimpawu eziwuphawu lwesiko le-rock & roll eminyakeni edlule. Indaba ye-American Dream ngemuva kuka-Gibson iyisikhuthazo kwabaningi abasafufusa be-luthier emhlabeni jikelele njengoba uthando nokuzinikela kwakhe emsebenzini wobuciko kuzohlala kuwuphawu lokuvelela emlandweni womculo kuze kube phakade.
Impilo Yasekuqaleni Nemfundo
U-Orville Gibson wazalwa ngo-1856 e-Chateaugay, eNew York. Wakhuliswa ngunina kanye nogogo wakhe, ababecula kakhulu. Eseyinsizwa, u-Orville wathonywa imisebenzi yomdlali wevayolini uNicolo Paganini futhi waba nesithakazelo ekwakheni izinsimbi zomculo. Ngesikhathi esemncane, u-Orville waqala ukwenza ama-mandolin neziginci esitolo sezingodo ayesebenza kuso. Imiklamo yakhe yasekuqaleni yayiklanywe kahle futhi igqama uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinsimbi zangaleso sikhathi.
Iminyaka yokuqala ka-Orville
U-Orville H. Gibson wazalwa ngo-August 24, 1856 e-Chateaugay, eNew York. Esemncane kakhulu, wabonisa ikhono eliyingqayizivele ekwenzeni izinkuni nokulungisa izinsimbi. Wafunda ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo eziningana esemncane, kuhlanganise ne-violin ne-banjo. Nokho, uthando lwakhe lwangempela lwalusekuthuthukiseni izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo eziyingqayizivele ezenziwe ngobuciko obumangalisayo.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-19, u-Orville wathuthela eKalamazoo, eMichigan futhi wavula isitolo sakhe sokulungisa nokudala izinsimbi. Isitolo saba yimpumelelo enkulu; amakhasimende ayeqhamuka ezindaweni ezikude ezofuna izinsiza zika-Orville futhi athenge izinto azidalile. Wabuye waqala ukwenza amalute adonsa amehlo abaculi abangochwepheshe esifundeni sonke. Abanikazi abaningi bezitolo zomculo abadayisa lezi zinsimbi baba nentshisekelo yokusebenzisana naye ukuze bakhulise ukuthengiswa kwezinsimbi zika-Orville kuyilapho benamalungelo akhethekile okuzisabalalisa. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yemisebenzi yebhizinisi ephumelelayo, u-Orville wanquma ukuvala isitolo sakhe esincane ngo-1897 ukuze agxile ekwandiseni ibhizinisi lakhe lokwenza izinsimbi nalaba bambisene nabo embonini yokudayisa.
Imfundo ka-Orville
U-Orville Gibson wazalwa ngoDisemba 22, 1856 e-Chateaugay, eNew York ku-Elza noCicero. Wayengowesikhombisa ezinganeni eziyishumi. Ngemva kokuqeda isikole samabanga aphansi eneminyaka engu-10, u-Orville waya ekolishi lebhizinisi e-Watertown ukuze anezele imfundo yakhe eyisisekelo ngamakhono ayezowadinga ukuze aqale ukusebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi, waphinde wathatha imisebenzi eminingana ezinkampanini zasendaweni kanye nabathungi njengendlela yokuziphilisa.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, u-Orville waba nesithakazelo esikhulu emculweni ngenxa yezifundo ezithile azifundisa yena e-harmonica esemncane. Washeshe wabona ukuthi ukudlala izinsimbi kungaba yindlela enhle yokwengeza iholo lakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela waqala ukufunda ukudlala isiginci ne-mandolin esebenzisa izincwadi zokufundisa ayezi-ode ngokukhethekile e-Chicago. Amakilasi akhe ayehlanganisa izifundo zokushuna nezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo; i-soldering; ukudala izikali; i-fretwork; izindlela zokuhlanza umsindo; ukwakhiwa kwezinsimbi zomculo ezifana neziginci namandolin; ithiyori yomculo; ukufunda amaphuzu e-orchestra; ukuzivocavoca okwenziwa ngesandla ukuze usebenzise izandla ukuze uthole isivinini esikhulu ezintanjeni; umlando wesiginci kanye nenani lezinye izihloko ezihlobene. Ngaphandle kokufundisa noma iziyalezo zesikole ezazingafinyeleli kuye ezindaweni zendawo ngaleso sikhathi, u-Orville waphishekela lolu lwazi ngokucwila ezinsizeni ezihlukahlukene ze-inthanethi ezazitholakala njengama-encyclopedia, izincwadi zokufunda ezigxile ekwakheni izinsimbi zomculo kanye nezincwadi ezazigxile ezinsimbini ezinezintambo phakathi kwezinye. izinto. Lokhu kwasiza ekukhuliseni ukuqonda kwakhe kumqhubekisela ekuphakameni nasekugcineni enze lokho namuhla okwakwaziwa kalula yibo bonke namuhla noma kuphi ngemizuzu nje embalwa - I-Gibson Guitar Company eguqule umculo unomphela.
Career
U-Orville Gibson waziwa kakhulu njenge-luthier kanye nomsunguli wenkampani yesiginci, i-Gibson Guitar Corporation. Wayengumsunguli wezobuciko bokwenza isiginci owashintsha indlela iziginci ezakhiwa ngayo. Waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kweziginci zikagesi zanamuhla. Ake sibheke umsebenzi ka-Orville Gibson kabanzi.
Umsebenzi Wakuqala Ka-Orville
U-Orville Gibson wazalwa ngo-1856 e-Chateaugay, eNew York. Wafunda ukwenza izinkuni kuyise nabafowabo, futhi ngokushesha waqala ukwenza izinsimbi esitolo sezinkuni somndeni. Ngokuthanda umculo nezinsimbi zaseYurophu ezibizayo ezazingatholakali kubantu abaningi baseMelika ngaleso sikhathi, u-Orville waqala ukwenza izinsimbi ezithengekayo ezinomklamo othuthukisiwe wezitolo zomculo zasendaweni.
Ngo-1902, u-Orville wasungula i-Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co., Ltd ukukhiqiza ama-mandolin, ama-banjo nezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo. Ngo-1925, bathenga isitshalo eKalamazoo, eMichigan esasizoba ikhaya labo laphakade. U-Orville wakha iqembu elihlaba umxhwele lochwepheshe abanolwazi lokusungula izinsimbi abaklanywe eduze nombono wakhe wemboni engakhiqiza izinsimbi zomculo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zazo zonke izinhlobo.
Le nkampani yethula uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ephumelelayo phakathi neminyaka edlule okuhlanganisa iziginci ze-archtop, iziginci ze-flattop nama-mandolin enziwe aduma ngabaculi abadumile abafana noBill Monroe noChet Atkins abathembela kukhwalithi yabo yomsindo. Ngawo-1950s u-Gibson wayesengomunye wemikhiqizo yesiginci eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni enabadlali besiginci abafana no-Les Paul abakhuthaza ibutho labadlali besiginci abasha ngamahithi e-rock 'n roll agqugquzelwa imvelaphi ka-Gibsons kanye nobuciko.
Ukusungulwa kuka-Orville kwe-Archtop Guitar
U-Orville Gibson wayengumdali weziginci zokuqala ze-archtop, ezakhululwa ngo-1902. Wayengumsunguli omuhle emhlabeni wokwenza isiginci ngokusungula kwakhe isiginesha. Iziginci zakhe zazihluke kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesiginci ngaphambi kwazo futhi zinezici ezazingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweziginci zika-Gibson nezinye iziginci ngaleso sikhathi wawuwukuthi zaziveza iziqongo eziqoshwe ngendlela egobile noma egobile, okuholela esigidini esinomphumela ongcono futhi othuthukisiwe. Umbono ka-Orville Gibson wawungaphambi kwesikhathi sawo futhi waguqula ukwakheka kweziginci ze-acoustic unomphela.
Isiginci se-archtop sisasetshenziswa kabanzi nanamuhla, ngokuguqulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze sivumelane nezintandokazi zabadlali, njengezindlela ezisikwayo zokufinyelela ama-frets aphezulu noma ama-pickup angezwe ngomsindo okhulisiwe. Isiphenduke enye yezinketho ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabadlali be-jazz kagesi kanye nabadlali besilayidi be-folk noma i-blues ngokufanayo ngenxa yethoni yayo yokuphendula ye-jazzy kanye nokwehla kwayo okujulile. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-arched top kukhiqiza "i-boominess" ehlukile uma idlalwa ngokuzwakalayo ehambisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zomculo ukusuka kwelinye izwe kuye kwelinye i-rock 'n' roll nakho konke okuphakathi!
Legacy
U-Orville Gibson wayengumsunguli omusha owaphayona ukuthuthukiswa kwesiginci esiyisicaba. Ifa lakhe kumculi wesimanje kanye nemboni yomculo likhulu kakhulu. Nakuba ayevela endaweni ephansi, u-Orville wayengumdidiyeli wakuqala wobuchwepheshe obusha nezinto zokwakha, futhi wazisebenzisa ukwenza izinsimbi zomculo eziguqule umhlaba womculo. Ake sibheke ngokuqhubekayo ifa lika-Orville Gibson.
Umthelela Emculweni
U-Orville Gibson waziwa kabanzi njengephayona nomqambi omusha embonini yesiginci. Ubengomunye wabasunguli bokuqala ekukhiqizweni kweziginci ze-acoustic, emele isitayela namasu kunobuhle. Indalo yakhe beyaziwa ngokuzwakala kwayo kanye nevolumu uma iqhathaniswa nezinsimbi zomdabu zekhulu le-19.
Ngenxa yokuqamba kwakhe izinto ezintsha, izinsimbi zikaGibson zazidingeka kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi eNgilandi. Iziginci zakhe zasheshe zaba yintandokazi phakathi kwabashayi besigingci sakudala ngenxa yomsindo wabo oyingqayizivele nomklamo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo esikhulayo, uGibson wavula isitolo sakhe somculo esibizwa ngokuthi “The Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg Co.,” esasigxile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kunalezo eziqhudelana nazo.
Umnikelo oyinhloko ka-Gibson bekungukwethula umqondo omusha wokuthuthukisa imiklamo ekhona ngenani eliphansi ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi yethoni noma umsindo. Amasu anjalo ahlanganisa amabhodi eminwe acwebile kanye namasu okwakha aphakeme aphelele, kanye namaphethini okubopha athuthukisiwe avumela ivolumu yomoya eyengeziwe ngaphakathi komzimba wesiginci ukuze kukhiqizwe amathoni acacile angaqhudelana nezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezifana nama-violin noma ama-cellos ngaleso sikhathi.
Umsebenzi ka-Gibson uguqule indlela iziginci ze-acoustic enziwa ngayo namuhla, okuholele ekutheni cishe zonke iziginci zesimanje zibe nobuciko obufanayo bokwakha noma umklamo wamakhonta kusukela lapho eqala ukuphayona ngawo eminyakeni eyi-100 edlule. Umthelela wakhe usengazwakala nanamuhla njengoba abaculi abaqavile abafana noBob Dylan ecula kwenye yamaGibsons akhe okuqala kusukela ngo-1958 - Imodeli ye-J-45 Sunburst - ayithenge ngo-$200 esitolo sokuqopha iGerde's Folk City esiseNew York City ngo-1961.
Umthelela Embonini Yesiginci
Ifa lika-Orville liyabonakala embonini yesimanje yesiginci. Imiklamo yakhe emisha, ehlanganisa i-archtop neziginci eziqoshwe phezulu, yabeka izinga elisha lokudlala isiginci futhi yasiza ngempela ukuchaza isiginci sikagesi sesimanje. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe ubuphayona bezinkuni ze-tonewood, njenge-Maple for the necks, kwasiza ukuthonya inqwaba yabakhi besiginci abamlandelayo.
Imiklamo ka-Orville Gibson ayizange nje ilolonge indlela abadlali besiginci banamuhla ababuka ngayo ubuhle kodwa ezikhathini eziningi iguqule indlela yokudlala yonke. Usize ukwenza umklamo wanamuhla “waseMelika” ngokuhlanganisa izici ezihlukene ezivela Iziginci zaseSpain ngobuhle bakhe obusezingeni eliphezulu obune-arched. Uphinde waguqula ubuchwepheshe obuhlangene bentamo ngokusiza onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise ukunemba kwemishini emalungeni ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe isenzo esishelelayo nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu sekukonke.
Umthelela u-Orville Gibson abe nawo embonini uzwakala nanamuhla ngabakhiqizi abakhulu abafana nama-Gibson Guitars kanye nabakhiqizi bezitolo zezitolo abagxile ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi angokwezifiso aphuma kanye enziwe ngezandla ecabanga ngemiklamo yakhe yesiginesha. Abaculi abangenakubalwa bathathe iziginci zika-Orville ukuze benze umsindo wabo oyingqayizivele; akumangalisi ukuthi kungani ehlala ekhuthaza labo abathanda ukuba abaculi asebephumelele noma abazizwa bexhumene nesiko lakudala lokuqamba iziginci ngobuqotho nangesimilo.
Isiphetho
U-Orville Gibson wayengumuntu onethonya elikhulu emhlabeni womculo. Uthando nokuzinikela kwakhe ekwenzeni isiginci kwavula inkathi entsha ngokuphelele yokwenza izinsimbi, okuholele ekwakhiweni kwesiginci sikagesi sesimanje. Nakuba amagalelo akhe kungenzeka ukuthi awazange abonakale ngokushesha, wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekubekeni inkundla abanye babaculi bodumo banamuhla, njengoLes Paul nabanye. Ithonya lika-Orville Gibson liphinde libe lingafi ngemiklamo yakhe yasekuqaleni esengabonakala kumathuluzi enziwe abakhiqizi abaningi abaphawulekayo namuhla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu bambheka kanjani noma ifa lakhe, u-Orville Gibson uyohlale ekhunjulwa njengomunye wabasunguli bomculo abakhulu kakhulu emlandweni.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
