U-Leo Fender, owazalwa uClarence Leonidas Fender ngo-1909, ungelinye lamagama anethonya elikhulu emlandweni weziginci.
Udale izinsimbi eziningi eziyisakhiwo sodumo ezakha itshe legumbi lomklamo wesimanje wesiginci sikagesi.
Iziginci zakhe zimisa ithoni yenguquko ye-rock ne-roll isuke ku-acoustic, isintu yendabuko kanye ne-blues ukuya kumsindo omkhulu, wokuhlanekezela ogcwele umsindo.
Umthelela wakhe emculweni usengazwakala nanamuhla ezigidini emhlabeni jikelele futhi izinto azidalile zisafunwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi.
Kulesi sihloko sizobheka zonke izinhlobo zakhe eziyinhloko zesiginci kanye nezinkampani ayezibophezele kuzo kanye nomthelela wakhe emculweni wezinsimbi namasiko wonkana.
Sizoqala ngokubheka inkampani yakhe yokuqala - Fender I-Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC), eyasungulwa ngo-1946 lapho ihlanganisa izingxenye zesigingci ngasinye zibe amaphakheji aphelele wesiginci sikagesi. Kamuva wasungula ezinye izinkampani eziningi okubalwa kuzo Umuntu Womculo, I-G&L Izinsimbi Zomculo, Izikhulisi ze-FMIC kanye ne-Proto-Sound Electronics. Umthelela wakhe ungabonakala nakumikhiqizo yesimanje yasesitolo njengeSuhr Custom Guitars & Amplifiers asebenzisa eminye yemiklamo yakhe yasekuqaleni namuhla ukuze akhiqize okwawo okuhlukile kumashuni akudala.
Iminyaka Yokuqala KaLeo Fender
U-Leo Fender ubeyingcweti futhi engomunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu emculweni nasemlandweni wesiginci. Wazalelwa eCalifornia ngo-1909, waqala ukudlala nge-elekthronikhi ngesikhathi esafunda esikoleni esiphakathi futhi ngokushesha waba nesithakazelo esikhulu ekusebenzeni ngama-amplifiers omculo neminye imishini. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, u-Leo Fender wenza i-amplifier ayibiza ngokuthi i-Fender Radio Service, futhi lona bekungumkhiqizo wokuqala awuthengisa. Lokhu kwalandelwa yinqwaba yeziginci ezisunguliwe ezazizogcina sezingamamodeli aziwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukuzalwa kanye Nokuphila Kwasekuqaleni
U-Leo Fender wayengomunye wabo abasunguli abavelele bezinsimbi zomculo, kuhlanganise nesiginci sikagesi kanye namabhasi kagesi omzimba aqinile. Wazalwa njengoClarence Leonidas Fender ngo-1909, kamuva washintsha igama lakhe waba nguLeo ngenxa yokudideka mayelana nokuphimisela. Esemusha, wathola imisebenzi eminingana esitolo sokukhanda umsakazo futhi wathengisa izihloko ukuze ahwebe ngomagazini. Kwaze kwaba yilapho esungula iFender Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC) ngo-1945 lapho athola khona udumo nokuhlonishwa emhlabeni wonke.
Iziginci ze-Fender ziguqule umculo odumile ngomsindo okhuliswe ngogesi owawuqhudelana nezinsimbi ze-acoustic, nakuba ngaphambi kuka-1945 ukukhulisa insimbi ngogesi kwakungakaze kuzwakale. I-Fender ivela ngemuva kwabasebenzi basezimayini zamalahle base-Italy abazinze eCalifornia futhi njengomuntu owake wachayeka emculweni wakudala we-Country-Western kanye nekhono lomshini akumangazi ukuthi igama lakhe libaluleke kangaka emculweni odumile namuhla.
Imodeli yesiginci yokuqala eyakhiqizwa ngu-Leo Fender kwakuyi-Esquire Telecaster eyayizwakala cishe kuwo wonke amarekhodi adumile ngo-1976 ngenkathi i-FMIC ithumela amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5! I-Esquire yashintsha yaba uMsakazi, yagcina yaziwa ngokuthi iTelecaster edumile namuhla - konke sibonga emisha yokuqala ka-Leo Fender. Ngo-1951; uphinde waguqula umculo we-pop ovamile nowe-country ngokwethula lokho manje esikwaziyo njengemodeli ye-Stratocaster edlalwe abaculi abaningi bodumo izizukulwane ngezizukulwane kusukela yafika ezitolo! Eminye impumelelo ephawulekayo ihlanganisa ukwakha Imikhiqizo Yomculo ye-G&L ngo-1980 kusetshenziswa ama-pickupu anomphumela ophakeme kunanini ngaphambili okwaqala intuthuko entsha ngokuphelele yokukhulisa umsindo ngaphakathi kwesiko elidumile!
Umsebenzi Wokuqala
ULeonard “Leo” Fender wazalwa ngo-Agasti 10, 1909 e-Anaheim, eCalifornia futhi wachitha iningi leminyaka yakhe yokuqala esebenza e-Orange County. Waqala ukulungisa imisakazo nezinye izinto esemncane futhi waze waklama ikhabethe legilamafoni elishintshashintshayo lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala.
Ngo-1938 uFender wathola ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi lokuqala leLap Steel Guitar, okwakuyisiginci sokuqala sikagesi esakhiqizwe ngobuningi esinamapikiphu akhelwe ngaphakathi. Lokhu okusunguliwe kwabeka isisekelo sezinsimbi ezenze umculo okhulisiwe waba khona, njengama-solid body electrics, amabhesi nezikhulisa-zwi.
UFender wanquma ukugxila ngokukhethekile ekwakhiweni kwezinsimbi zomculo ngo-1946 lapho esungula i-Fender Electric Instrument Company. Le nkampani yabona impumelelo eminingi, njenge-Esquire (eyabuye yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi uMsakazi); lesi bekungesinye seziginci zikagesi zokuqala emhlabeni eziyimpumelelo.
Ngesikhathi ekule nkampani, i-Fender yathuthukisa ezinye zezinhlobo zesiginci ezigqame kakhulu ezake zadalwa njengeTelecaster neStratocaster nama-amps adumile afana neBassman neVibroverb. Uphinde wasungula nezinye izinkampani ezifana ne-G&L ezakhiqiza ezinye zemiklamo yakhe emisha; Nokho akekho kulaba owaphila ukuze abone impumelelo enkulu ngemva kokuba ezidayise ngesikhathi sokuntengantenga kwezimali ngo-1965.
I-Leo Fender's Guitar Innovations
U-Leo Fender ubengomunye wabenzi besiginci abanethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-20. Izinto azisungulile zayishintsha kakhulu indlela iziginci namabhesi kagesi enziwa futhi adlalwa ngayo, futhi imiklamo yakhe isabonakala nanamuhla. Wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wamamodeli amaningi esiginci nezinkampani. Ake sijule kulokho okwakuyikho lezo.
Umsakazi weFender/Telecaster
I-Fender Broadcaster kanye nomlandeli wayo, iTelecaster, iziginci zikagesi ezaklanywa nguLeo Fender. Umsakazi, owaqale wadedelwa emphakathini ngo-1950 njenge-"Fender's revolutionary new electric guitar" kwaba isiginci sokuqala esiyimpumelelo emhlabeni esisebenza ngogesi esinesitayela saseSpain. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kokuqala Kwabasakazi kukhawulelwe kumayunithi angaba ngu-50 kuphela ngaphambi kokuthi iyekwe ngemva kwesikhashana ngenxa yokudideka okudalwe igama layo eliphambana nezigubhu zikaGretsch 'Broadkaster'.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngenxa yokudideka kwemakethe kanye nezinkinga zomthetho noGretsch, i-Fender yashintsha igama lensimbi lisuka elithi “Umsakazi” laba elithi “Telecaster,” elamukelwa kabanzi njengendinganiso yemboni yeziginci zikagesi. Ekuguqulweni kwayo kwasekuqaleni, yayinomzimba we-slab owenziwe ngomlotha noma ngokhuni lomtholo—isici somklamo esisekhona nanamuhla. Yayinama-pickupu amabili ekhoyili eyodwa (intamo nebhuloho), ama-knobs amathathu (ivolumu eyinhloko, ithoni eyinhloko nesikhethi sokuqopha esisethwe kusengaphambili) engxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba kanye nentambo enezihlalo ezintathu kubhuloho lohlobo lomzimba kwelinye icala. Nakuba engaziwa ngobuchwepheshe obuyindida noma umlingiswa wethoni, u-Leo Fender wabona amandla amakhulu kulo mklamo olula wensimbi owahlala kakhulu ungashintshile eminyakeni engu-60 kamuva. Wayazi ukuthi unokuthile okukhethekile ngale nhlanganisela yamakhoyili amabili angawodwa agxile komsindo webanga elimaphakathi ngaphezu kokulula nokufinyeleleka kwawo okuwenza akhange kubo bonke abadlali kungakhathaliseki izinga lethalente noma izithiyo zesabelomali.
I-Fender Stratocaster
Enye yemiklamo edume kakhulu yesiginci sikagesi emhlabeni iFender Stratocaster. Idalwe ngu-Leo Fender, yethulwa ngo-1954 futhi yasheshe yaba insimbi yodumo. Ithuthukiswe ekuqaleni njengesibuyekezo ku-Telecaster, isimo somzimba we-Stratocaster sinikeze i-ergonomics ethuthukisiwe kokubili abadlali abangakwesokunxele nakwesokudla, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngephrofayili ye-tonal ehlukile.
Izici zalesi siginci zihlanganisa ama-coil pickups amathathu angalungiswa ngokuzimela ngethoni ehlukene namaknobhu evolumu, isistimu yebhuloho le-vibrato (eyaziwa ngokuthi ibha ye-tremolo namuhla), kanye nesistimu ye-tremolo evumelanisiwe evumela abadlali ukuthi bathole imisindo ehlukile kuye ngokuthi kanjani. basebenzise izandla zabo ukuyilawula. I-Stratocaster iphinde yaphawuleka ngephrofayili yayo yentamo encane, evumela abadlali ukuthi babe nokulawula okukhulu phezu kwesandla sabo esibuhlungu.
Isitayela somzimba walesi siginci sesidume umhlaba wonke, nezinkampani eziningi ezikhiqiza iziginci zikagesi zesitayela saseStratocaster namuhla. Idlalwe abaculi abaningi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomculo emlandweni wonke okuhlanganisa nama-rocker afana no-Eric Clapton no-Jeff Beck kuze kufike kubashayi besigingci se-jazz abafana no-Pat Metheny no-George Benson.
I-Fender Precision Bass
I-Fender Precision Bass (evame ukufushaniswa ukuze ithi “P-Bass”) iyimodeli yamabhesi kagesi akhiqizwa yi-Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. I-Precision Bass (noma i-“P-Bass”) yethulwa ngo-1951. Kwakuyibhesi kagesi yokuqala ephumelele kabanzi futhi isalokhu idumile kuze kube namuhla, nakuba kube nokuguquguquka okuningi nokuhlukahluka komklamo emlandweni wayo.
I-Leo Fender iklame i-Precision Bass eyisakhiwo sodumo ukuze ifake umqaphi ovikela izinto zayo zikagesi ezintekenteke, kanye nemigudu ejulile yokusika ethuthukise ukufinyelela kwezandla kuma-frets aphezulu. I-P-Bass iphinde yafaka i-pickup yekhoyili eyodwa eyayihlaliswe endlini yensimbi, ikhulisa ukuqina kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo kuyilapho inciphisa nomsindo kagesi odalwa ukudlidliza kwensimbi. Lo mklamo wamukelwa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi, nabanye abakhiqizi behlanganisa imiklamo efana ne-pickup kanye ne-electronics kuziginci zabo.
Isici esichazayo se-pre-CBS Fender Precision Bass kwakuyibhuloho elinamasaddles anyakazayo ngamunye, elingaqondani kahle lapho lithunyelwa lisuka ku-Fender futhi ngenxa yalokho lalidinga ukulungiswa uchwepheshe onolwazi; lokhu kuvumele ukuphinyiswa kwephimbo okunembe kakhudlwana kunalokhu okunikezwa ngezindlela eziwumshini nje. Amamodeli akamuva ethulwe ngemuva kokuthi i-CBS ithenge i-Fender inikeze izinketho zezintambo eziningi kanye namasekethe e-Blender avumela abadlali ukuthi bahlanganise noma bahlanganise ama-pickup amathoni ahlukene. Ukwengeza, amamodeli akamuva angatholwa efakwe izinto zikagesi ezisebenzayo njengamaswishi okuguqula asebenzayo/okwenziwayo noma izilawuli ze-EQ ezilungisekayo zamakhono okulungisa ithoni yokulungisa kahle esiteji noma kuzilungiselelo zesitudiyo.
I-Fender Jazzmaster
Ikhishwe ngo-1958, i-Fender Jazzmaster yayingenye yezinhlobo zokugcina ezaklanywa u-Leo Fender ngaphambi kokuba adayise inkampani yakhe yamagama futhi waqhubeka nokuthola uhlobo lwesigingci se-Music Man. I-Jazzmaster inikeze inani lentuthuko, okuhlanganisa intamo ebanzi kunezinye izinsimbi zangaleso sikhathi. Iphinde ibe namasekhethi ahlukene okuhola nesigqi, kanye nomklamo omusha wengalo ye-tremolo.
Mayelana nephimbo nomuzwa, i-Jazzmaster yayihluke kakhulu kwamanye amamodeli e-Fender's line-up-idlala amanothi agqamile futhi avulekile ngaphandle kokudela imfudumalo noma ukunotha. Lokhu bekuhluke kakhulu kwabangaphambi kwayo njenge-Jazz Bass (izintambo ezine) ne-Precision Bass (izintambo ezimbili) enomsindo osindayo onesimeme eside. Kodwa-ke, uma iqhathaniswa nezingane zakubo ezifana neStratocaster neTelecaster, ibinokuguquguquka okwengeziwe ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwezinketho zamathoni.
Idizayini entsha imake ukusuka kumamodeli wangaphambilini we-Fender ayenama-frets amancane, ubude besikali eside nezingcezu zebhuloho ezifanayo. Ngokudlaleka kwayo okulula kanye nohlamvu oluthuthukisiwe, isheshe yaduma phakathi kwamabhendi e-surf rock e-California ababefuna ukuphindaphinda umsindo “we-surf” ngokunemba okukhulu kunalokho ababengakuzuza abantu besikhathi sabo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ngeziginci zomdabu ngaleso sikhathi.
Ifa elashiywa ukusungulwa kuka-Leo Fender lisasebenza nanamuhla phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-indie rock/ pop punk/ I-Independent Alternative kanye nabadlali be-instrumental rock/ progressive metal/ jazz fusion ngokufanayo
Iminyaka Yakamuva kaLeo Fender
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, u-Leo Fender waqala isikhathi sokudala iziginci ezintsha namabhesi. Yize ebeseyinhloko yeFender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC), waqala ukuzibambela mathupha ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke kwenkampani ngesikhathi abasebenzi bakhe, abanjengoDon Randall noForrest White, bethatha izintambo eziningi. ibhizinisi. Noma kunjalo, uFender waqhubeka nokuba ngumuntu onethonya emhlabeni wesiginci namabhesi. Ake sibheke ezinye zezibonelo nezinkampani ayezibophezele kuzo eminyakeni yakhe edlule.
I-G&L Guitars
U-Leo Fender wayebhekele uhlobo lwamagitala akhiqizwa inkampani yakhe i-G&L (George & Leo) Musical Instruments (eyasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970). Imiklamo yokugcina ye-Fender eyethulwe e-G&L igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Telecaster, i-Stratocaster, namanye amamodeli ayisakhiwo sodumo. Umphumela waba umugqa obanzi wezinsimbi ezihlanganisa amamodeli akhethekile afana ne-S-500 Stratocaster, i-Music Man Reflex bass guitar, iziginci ze-Comanche ne-Manta Ray kanye nokwethulwa kwezinsimbi ezingezona isiginci okuhlanganisa ama-mandolin neziginci zensimbi.
Iziginci ze-G&L zakhiqizwa ngokugxila kwakhe okudumile kwekhwalithi futhi kufakwe umlotha noma imizimba ye-alder ene-tinted polyester, izintamo ze-maple eziboshiwe, amabhodi eminwe e-rosewood abhangqwe nama-pickup aklanywe njengama-humbucker amakhoyili amabili; Izithombe ze-Vintage Alnico V. Amanani aphezulu okukhiqiza afana nama-21 frets kunangu-22 angaphakathi kohlaka lwefilosofi yokuklama ka-Leo – ikhwalithi ephezulu phezu kobuningi. Uphinde wathanda umumo wakudala esikhundleni sentuthuko abanye abenzi besiginci abaningi ababeyishiyile befuna imisindo nezitayela ezintsha.
I-G&L yahlonishwa kakhulu ngamathoni ayo agqamile ahambisana nokusimama okuhlaba umxhwele, ukudlala okulula okuthuthukisiwe ukuthuthuka kwesimanje njengesondo le-trussrod ngaphansi kwe-fretboard elivumela abadlali ukuthi balungise ukungezwani kwentamo bebodwa kunokuba bathembele ekulungiseni. luthier. Lezi zimfanelo zenze i-G&L yaduma kokubili phakathi kwabashaya isiginci abangochwepheshe nabanye abafuna amaphalethi emisindo akhethekile ohambweni lwabo lokudlala isiginci.
Umuntu Womculo
Phakathi neminyaka ka-1971 no-1984, u-Leo Fender wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhiqiza amamodeli ahlukahlukene nge-Music Man. Lezi zihlanganisa amamodeli afana ne-StingRay bass neziginci ezifana ne-Sabre, Marauder, ne-Silhouette. Waklama zonke lezi zinsimbi kodwa kulezi zinsuku kuningi okuhlukile okutholakalayo.
U-Leo unikeze i-Music Man enye indlela yokubukeka kwayo kwendabuko ngokusebenzisa izitayela ezintsha zomzimba enqubweni yakhe yokuklama. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwabo, isici esibalulekile esabenza baduma kakhulu kwakuyithoni ekhanyayo ngenxa yemizimba yokhuni olukhanyayo nezintamo ze-maple uma kuqhathaniswa nomklamo we-Fender osindayo ngokwesiko.
Enye yeminikelo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-Fender ku-Music Man kwaba imibono yakhe mayelana nokushintsha nokuthatha amasistimu. Izinsimbi zaleso sikhathi zazinezindawo ezintathu nje zokuthatha uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintsha kwezikhundla ezinhlanu zanamuhla kumathuluzi esimanje. U-Leo uphinde waphayona amadizayini “angenamsindo” asusa i-hum ehlotshaniswa nokuthathwa okuthile okuzuzisa kakhulu kuyilapho elawula izinkinga zokuzinza ezibangelwa izinguquko zengcindezi yezintambo phakathi nokudlala bukhoma.
U-Leo wayezogcina edayise isiteki sakhe enkampanini ngenzuzo enkulu yezezimali ephawula impumelelo enkulu phakathi naleyo minyaka ngaphambi kokushiya i-Music Man ngo-1984 lapho i-CBS ithatha ubunikazi obuphelele.
Ezinye Izinkampani
Kuwo wonke ama-1940, 1950s kanye nawo-1960, u-Leo Fender waklama izinsimbi zomculo zezinkampani ezimbalwa ezaziwayo. Usebenzisane namagama ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-G&L (George Fullerton Guitars and Basses) ne-Music Man (kusukela ngo-1971).
I-G&L yasungulwa ngo-1979 ngenkathi u-Leo Fender ethatha umhlalaphansi ku-CBS-Fender. Ngaleso sikhathi i-G&L yayaziwa njenge-guitar luthier. Izinsimbi abazenzile bezisekelwe kumiklamo yangaphambilini ye-Fender kodwa ngokulungiswa kokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsindo. Bakhiqize iziginci namabhesi kagesi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezinezici zesimanje nezakudala. Iziginci eziningi ezingochwepheshe ezidumile zasebenzisa amamodeli e-G&L njengezinsimbi zomculo eziyinhloko ezihlanganisa u-Mark Morton, u-Brad Paisley no-John Petrucci.
Enye inkampani uFender abe nomthelela kuyo iMusic Man. Ngo-1971 u-Leo wasebenza no-Tom Walker, uSterling Ball kanye no-Forest White ukuthuthukisa ezinye zeziginci ze-bass zenkampani ezifana ne-StingRay Bass. Ngo-1975, i-Music Man yaqala ukwandisa ububanzi bayo ukusuka kumabhesi nje ukufaka iziginci zikagesi ezazidayiselwa amakhasimende ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa mathuluzi afaka izici zedizayini eziqanjiwe ezifana nentamo ye-maple ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokuba lula kwabadlali abakhetha isitayela sokudlala esisheshayo. Abaculi abangongoti abasebenzise iziginci zeMusic Man bahlanganisa uSteve Lukather, Steve Morse, Dusty Hill noJoe Satriani phakathi kwabanye.
Isiphetho
U-Leo Fender ungomunye wabantu abanethonya futhi abahlonishwa kakhulu emlandweni wesigingci. Imiklamo yakhe yashintsha ukubukeka nomsindo weziginci zikagesi, yaduma izinsimbi zomzimba eziqinile ezazizwakala ezindlini zonke, amahholo ekhonsathi nokuqoshwa. Ngezinkampani zakhe—i-Fender, G&L ne-Music Man—Leo Fender yasiza ekulolongeni isiko lomculo lesimanje. Utuswe ngokwenza uchungechunge lweziginci zakudala okubalwa kuzo iTelecaster, Stratocaster, Jazzmaster, P-Bass, J-Bass, Mustang bass nezinye ezimbalwa. Imiklamo yakhe emisha isakhiqizwa nanamuhla yi-Fender Musical Instruments Corporation/FMIC noma abakhiqizi abadumile abafana nama-Relic Guitars. U-Leo Fender uyohlale ekhunjulwa njengephayona lemboni yomculo elakhuthaza izizukulwane zabaculi ukuthi zihlole amandla emisindo efakwe ugesi ngezinsimbi zakhe ezishaya phansi.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
