reflection kuwumqondo oyisisekelo emkhakheni wemisindo nomculo. Isho inqubo lapho amagagasi omsindo, ephumela ngaphandle emthonjeni wawo, gxuma izindawo ezikhanyayo njengezindonga, usilingi noma phansi bese ubuyela kumthombo noma kumlaleli.
Lokhu kudala ukulandelana kwama-echo okungashintsha kakhulu ikhwalithi yomsindo noma ukusebenza komculo. I-Reflection inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisebenzayo, njenge-in ukwelashwa kwe-acoustic kwamakamelo namahholo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa komculo noma amakhonsathi abukhoma.
Uma amaza omsindo eveza izindawo eziqinile (njengezindonga naphansi), ayaxhumana endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka.
Njengoba lawa maza abonisiwe ehlangana, amanye azokhanselwa kuyilapho amanye enwetshwa, womabili okuholela ezinguqukweni zamaphethini omsindo wokuqala.
Lokhu kusebenzisana yikho okwenza kube khona ukuphenduka (imvamisa isifinyezo njengesabizwana) esithinta indlela esibona ngayo izici ezihlukahlukene zomthombo womsindo njengokucaca kwawo, ukuqina kanye nesikhathi sokubola.
Amandla kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesaga nakho kunquma i izici ze-acoustic zanoma yisiphi isikhala esithile; izindawo ezinkulu zivamise ukuba nezikhathi zokubonisa ezinde kuyilapho izikhala ezincane zingaveza ukuboniswa okufushane okunyamalalayo ngokushesha. Ngakho amakamelo aphathwa nge-acoustic zilungele izitudiyo zokuqopha lapho kudingeka khona ukulawula okunembile phezu kwamapharamitha anjalo ukuze uthwebule ngempumelelo futhi uxube ukusebenza komsindo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvela kumazwi, izinsimbi noma ngisho nezigubhu.
Okokugcina, uma kukhulunywa ngezindawo zokusebenza ezibukhoma njengamahholo ekhonsathi lokhu kusho ukuhlinzeka ngomfanekiso okwanele ukuze izethameli zithole imiphumela eyanelisayo evela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo ngaphandle kokuzwakala komile kakhulu noma kunodaka ukuphindaphinda okukhulu okuthinta ukucaca okuphelele kwalokho okudlalwa esiteji.
Incazelo Yokuzindla
reflection umqondo ovame ukutholakala ekukhiqizeni umsindo nomculo. I-Reflection isenzo somsindo obhampayo usuka endaweni ethile, futhi ikhiqiza i umphumela lokho kungaba noma ethokozisayo noma ephazamisayo, kuye ngendawo ezungezile.
Ukucabangisisa kungasetshenziswa ukwakha i umuzwa we-ambient ethrekhi, noma ukunikeza i isikhala se-acoustic ukuze kuzwakale umsindo kuwo. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza umsindo futhi ingasetshenziswa ngendlela eyimpumelelo.
Ukuzindla Emsindweni
Ngomsindo, ukucabanga isho isenzakalo samagagasi omsindo ashaywayo endaweni eyisicaba. Igagasi lomsindo elingenayo lizophambukiswa lisuke phezulu futhi lihambe ngo-a isiqondiso esisha (esibonisiwe). kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni ihlangana nenye indawo eyisicaba. Ukucabangisisa kuyinto evamile endaweni yethu yansuku zonke futhi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi eziwusizo kuma-acoustics, ubunjiniyela bomsindo nokukhiqizwa komculo.
Izici ezikhombisayo zezindawo zincike ezintweni ezimbalwa, njengosayizi wazo, ukwakheka kanye nokwakheka kwezinto. Uma amaza omsindo ehlangana ne-a indawo eqinile noma eqinile zibonakala kakhulu kunalapho zihlangana a elithambile noma elinezimbotshana eziningi - njengokhaphethi noma omata. Ukwengeza, izindawo ezigobile kakhulu zivame ukuhlakaza imisebe yamandla omsindo endaweni ebanzi kunalezo ezinobuso obuyisicaba. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukuphenduka, lapho ukucabanga okuningi kugcwalisa khona Igumbi ngekhwalithi ye-echoey.
Ukuqonda ukuthi izakhiwo ezibukwayo zisebenza kanjani kungasiza amaciko adale imisindo emnandi yezingoma zawo ngokubeka izinto ezibekwe kahle endaweni yawo yokurekhoda (isb, amaphaneli egwebu).
Ukuzindla Emculweni
Ukuzindla emculweni ukunanela komsindo okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa okuvela ezindongeni, ophahleni, noma kwezinye izinto ezibonakalayo endaweni equkethwe. Ukuvezwa komsindo kwenzeka lapho igagasi lamandla omsindo adluliswa emthonjeni wawo lihlangabezana nesithiyo futhi libuyiselwa endaweni yalo yasekuqaleni.
Lesi simo singaboniswa ngokuhlolwa okulula - ukuwisa izinto ezitsheni ezahlukene ezigcwele amanzi. Ngethonsi ngalinye, uzozwa imisindo evela emaceleni esiqukathi futhi ibuyela ezindlebeni zakho.
Umphumela womsindo obonisiwe ungakha imithelela yomculo ethokozisayo - njengokwengeza ukujula kumculo okhona noma ukukhomba izikhala ze-sonic eziyingqayizivele endaweni ye-acoustic ethile. Lolu hlobo lokukhohlisa kwe-waveform luvame ukusetshenziswa onjiniyela bomsindo abaqeqeshiwe ukuthuthukisa isimo se-sonic ekurekhodweni nasekudlaleni bukhoma. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu 'njengombala' owengeziwe wokugcizelela izigcawu ngomculo. Igumbi ngalinye linezimpawu zalo ezinezici ezinomthelela kuma-acoustics alo, okwenza kubaluleke konjiniyela nabaculi ngokufanayo ukuthi baqonde ukuthi lokhu kuboniswa kuyithinta kanjani indlela umculo wabo ozwakala ngayo.
Izinhlobo Zokuzindla
reflection kuyinto ethinta indlela umsindo nomculo okuzwakala ngayo. Ukusebenzelana phakathi komsindo nendawo, noma izindawo ezimbili, okwenza umsindo ubonakale, noma uhlehliswe ubuyele endaweni ethile.
Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzindla, nokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzindla zingawuthinta kanjani umsindo noma umculo okhiqizwayo:
Ukuzindla Okuqondile
Ukuboniswa okuqondile kwenzeka lapho amandla omsindo ebonakala ngokuqondile endaweni bese ebuyela endaweni lapho avela khona. Lolu hlobo lokubonisa luvamile ezimweni ezinendawo eqinile, njengezindonga nosilingi ezindaweni ezivalekile njengamagumbi noma amahholo. Amagagasi omsindo abe "okuxubile" lapho uzindla, okuholela ekwandeni komfutho nokuhlehla. Lo mphumela ubonakala ikakhulukazi ngamafrikhwensi aphansi.
Kwezinye izimo, ukucabanga okuningi kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwendawo enikeziwe, okungaholela kokuningi "imisindo eveziwe" ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze ivolumu engalindelekile noma inkimbinkimbi ye-acoustic. Ukucabangisisa okuqondile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni umsindo wonke wesikhala ngokuthi:
- Ijulisa amaza aphansi anomsindo
- Ukudala ukusekela okwengeziwe kumanothi
- Ukuba ne-ovaroli “kukhulu” or "Ngokujulile" umphumela ngaphandle kwayo.
Sabalalisa Ukucabanga
Sabalalisa ukucabanga wuhlobo lokuzibonakalisa lapho amagagasi omsindo ebhampa ezindaweni ngokulinganayo, ukuze amaza omsindo afinyelela kumlaleli asabalaliswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lolu hlobo lokubonisa lungatholakala emakamelweni amakhulu, avulekile noma ama-amphitheatre anezindonga ezibushelelezi, eziqinile ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nokhonkolo nezitini. I-Diffuse reflection yaziwa nangokuthi ukubhampa okukodwa noma ukuhlengezela.
Lolu hlobo lokugxuma komsindo lunikeza umuzwa ophelele wemfudumalo nokugcwala ekamelweni ngokuvumela umsindo wangempela ukuthi ubambezeleke futhi uhlangane nokunye ukuboniswa. Iwusizo ngezinjongo zokurekhoda futhi izwakala kangcono uma ulalele umculo ezindaweni ezinkulu njengehholo lekhonsathi noma ihholo.
Ukubuyiselwa phansi
Emsindweni nasemculweni, reverberation is an umphumela ofana ne-echo okubangelwa ukuvela okuvamile kwamagagasi omsindo endaweni evalekile. Idalwa lapho umthombo womsindo ofana nombhobho ukhiqiza umsindo ekamelweni (noma kwenye indawo), obese uqala ukuziphindaphinda usuka ezindongeni, ophahleni, nakwezinye izindawo.
I-reverberation ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi isaga ngamafuphi, futhi kuyisici esibalulekile ekutheni umculo ukhala kakhulu futhi ugcwele kangakanani endaweni evalekile noma esikhaleni. Eqinisweni, abaculi abaningi basebenzisa reverberation yokwenziwa ukuthuthukisa ukurekhodwa kwabo ngemiphumela efana nokuminyanisa komsindo ezilingisa izici zehholo lekhonsathi noma enye indawo enkulu.
Nokho, isaga esiningi singenza umculo ube nodaka futhi ungacaci, okuholela ekulaleleni okukhathazayo uma kwenziwa ngendlela engafanele. Isikhathi sokuphumula (RT) noma inani lesikhathi elisithathayo ukuze lo msindo obonisiwe ume nakho kungaba nomthelela kukho kokubili ukucaca kanye dynamics yokurekhodwa komsindo.
Sengisho nje, ama-RT amafushane ngokuvamile abhekwa kangcono ekurekhodweni ngokunembile amathuluzi abukhoma njengoba enikeza ukucaca okuthuthukile kanye nosizo lokunciphisa ukugeleza okuvela kwezinye izisetshenziswa noma imithombo yomsindo engase ibe khona eduze kwanoma yikuphi ukusethwa kwemakrofoni okunikeziwe. Ama-RT amade, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukudala umsindo ofudumele ofaneleka kakhudlwana amathrekhi ephimbo noma iyunithi yezinhlamvu erekhodiwe njengoba ingasiza ekudluliseleni ukujula lezo zinsimbi ezithile beziyontula ngaphandle kwe-ambiance eyengeziwe evela ekuboniseni kwe-acoustic.
Imiphumela Yokuzindla
reflection iyingxenye ebalulekile yomsindo nomculo onomthelela omkhulu emsindweni ophuma kusipika noma insimbi. Ukucabangisisa kuthinta indlela umsindo noma insimbi ezwakala ngayo, njengoba kuyingxenye yendlela umsindo ohamba ngayo emkhathini. Ukuzindla kungathinta futhi ukukhala okukhulu, ukucaca kanye nokuphindaphinda yomsindo, ngokudala ukubonakaliswa kwamagagasi omsindo endaweni.
Ake sihlole imiphumela ye ukucabanga ngomsindo nomculo:
I-Reflection kanye ne-Acoustics yegumbi
Ucwaningo lokubonisa nokuzwakala kwegumbi kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi umsindo usabela kanjani endaweni ebonakalayo. Ubuchwepheshe be-acoustics begumbi busiza ukudala izindawo zokulalela ezingcono, njengokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa komsindo okungafunwa (qalisa) kanye nokwandisa umthombo wokuzwa “oqondile”. reflection inekhono elihle lokumunca nokubonisa amaza omsindo kumafrikhwensi ahlukene futhi ngaleyo ndlela alolonge umsindo ekamelweni.
Noma nini lapho igagasi lihlangabezana nesithiyo lizovela lisuke kulo. Inani lamandla elivezwayo lincike ezintweni ezingaphezulu, ama-engeli, njll. Uma umsindo ungena ekamelweni umunca kancane izinto zokwakha ezifana nefenisha, izindonga noma ukhaphethi, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi amandla athile azophinde ahlakazeke abuyele endaweni yawo. imvelaphi kanye nezinye izikhombisi-ndlela kuye ngosayizi nokuma kwento/igumbi nanoma yimiphi imingcele ezungezile. Lokhu kuhlakazeka kubizwa ukucabanga futhi kungabhekwa njengokwandisa noma ukuhlukanisa ukubukwa okuzwiwa abalaleli.
Ukucabangisisa kungasinika amandla engeziwe lapho sizwa amaza aphansi ngaphakathi kwendawo evalekile enemingcele (ikakhulukazi uma leyo mingcele ihambisana) ngenxa yamaza aphansi efrikhwensi akheka phakathi kwalezi zindonga ahlinzeka ngobuningi obuzwakalayo kunamaza aphezulu avame ukusuka kuwo. ngokushesha esikhundleni sokunanela emuva emsuka wayo; lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi "izindlela zegumbi” – iziqongo ezihlukile kumafrikhwensi athile abangelwa ukuboniswa kwamafrikhwensi amaningi aphansi abuyela emuva kusuka ezindongeni ezihlukene eziqondaniswe ngaphakathi kwesikhala esinikeziwe. Lokhu kungasiholela ezindaweni ezinezinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa kwe-acoustic - izindawo ezimanzi noma izinto ezimuncayo - ezisiza ekunciphiseni ukucabanga okungafuneki okusisiza ukuthi sibone ukuthi yini esiyifisa kakhulu:
Ukuboniswa Nokwenziwa Kwasendaweni Komsindo
Ukubonisana nomsindo wasendaweni yizici ezimbili ezixhumene ezingaba nomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yomsindo endaweni. reflection ibhekisela ekubhampini kwamaza omsindo ezindaweni ezihlukene nasezintweni ezisegumbini, ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ezindlebeni zomuntu. Ukwenza kwasendaweni ukuqhathanisa izindawo ezingekho phakathi nendawo emkhathini nombono womuntu wokuthi umsindo uvelaphi.
Uma kuziwa ekwenzeni umculo ekamelweni, ukucabanga kunomthelela omkhulu endleleni esiwuzwa ngayo. Uma kunezindawo eziningi ezikhanyayo, njengezindonga namakhona abonisa umsindo omningi, kungabangela ukwakheka kanye “nomsindo wegumbi” owedlulele ovala imininingwane yomculo futhi wenze izinsimbi zibonakale zikude noma zingacacile. Izikhathi eziningi le nkinga iyanda uma lezo zindawo ezikhanyayo zisondelene noma eduze nendawo yokulalela ngokwayo.
Lapho ukucabanga kwakheka ezindlebeni zethu kanje, singase sibhekane nalokho okuvame ukubizwa ngakho ukudideka kokwenziwa kwasendaweni, ukunganakwa noma amaphutha - lapho singakwazi ukubona kahle noma ukubona ukuthi imisindo ethile ivela kuphi ngokuhlobene nathi. Lolu hlobo lwesimo lungenzeka futhi lapho umculi edlala nomunye umuntu ofulathele futhi engabhekani naye - okwenza kube nzima ngempela kubo ukuhlanganisa indawo yabo (lapho insimbi ngayinye kufanele izwakale) ngokunembile!
Ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa okufanele kokwelashwa kwe-acoustic kokulawula ukubonakaliswa, njengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokumunca njenge ama-acoustic panel, ama-foam mattings njll., kuba okubalulekile ekuzuzeni ukucaca okungcono nokunemba kokuqondisa ekuhlanganiseni kwethu phansi noma ezenzweni zethu. Imiklamo emihle ye-acoustic iphinde isize ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka okungaba khona phakathi kokwenza izinsimbi/amazwi amaningi abe okwasendaweni ngesikhathi esisodwa - okuholela ekucaceni okuthuthukisiwe/ukunethezeka kokulalela sekukonke!
Ukuzindla Nokukhiqiza Umculo
Ukusebenzisa imibukiso ekukhiqizeni umculo kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo nephumelelayo yokudala umsindo oyingqayizivele. reflection ichazwa njenge ukubonakaliswa kwamagagasi omsindo ezibhampa phezulu zibuyele ezindlebeni zomlaleli. Ngokukhohlisa izakhi zokubonisa noma izibonisi ngokwazo, kungenzeka ukudala imiksi enomsindo omkhulu.
Lapho ukhiqiza umculo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuboniswa kuhlangana kanjani, nokuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kugqanyiswe izici ezihlukahlukene zethrekhi yakho. Uhlobo lwento ezungeza umthombo lungathinta kokubili ukuqina kwayo kanye nemvamisa, kuye ngezici zayo ze-acoustic. Isibonelo, ukhaphethi uzomunca amafrikhwensi aphezulu kunezinye izinto, kuyilapho izindawo eziqinile ezifana nokhonkolo noma ingilazi zizokwazi bonisa amafrikhwensi aphezulu kalula.
Ukusebenzisa amasu anjengokuthi isisho or ukubambezeleka, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukulingisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-ambient ekuxubeni kwabo futhi bathole imiphumela eyingqayizivele nethakazelisayo. Isaga sinikeza umuzwa wendawo nokujula ngokulingisa izibuko ezibhampa ezindongeni; kuyilapho ukubambezeleka kudala isikhala esikhulu ngokudala izinguqulo eziningi zesignali efanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokulibaziseka okude okukhulayo isikhathi ngasinye. Zombili lezi zindlela zingamathuluzi abalulekile okubeka izinsimbi futhi azenze zizwakale sengathi zingezakwimiksi yakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, EQ kusiza ukulolonga umsindo ngokuhlunga amaza ayinkinga ukuze usale kuphela nalawo masignali afunwayo kumxube wakho. Lokhu kwenza imisindo ilingane kakhulu kukonke okuholela ekucaceni okungcono phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingaphakathi kwengxube yakho, kuncishiswe noma yimiphi imiphumela engase ibe khona yokufihla ubuso ebangelwa ukungqubuzana ngephutha kwamaza okungafuneki avela ezintweni ezihlukene eziqhudelana isikhala se-sonic kuthrekhi yakho. Njengoba uqhubeka nokuphelelisa umsebenzi wakho wezandla ngokuhlola nganoma iyiphi noma zonke izinto ezingenhla eceleni kwezinye izindlela ezinjengalezi eminyanisiwe futhi ukwethuka ungaqala ukwenza izingcezu eziyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ezinhle ezitholakala ziphila ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okucatshangelwayo akhombisa amasu okukhohlisa umsindo!
Isiphetho
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-amplitude yomsindo kungumqondo ojwayelekile kubunjiniyela bomsindo nokukhiqizwa komculo. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela esizwa ngayo umsindo, kusukela endaweni esihlala kuyo kuye kumishini yethu yokulalela kuya ekurekhodweni esilondoloza kukho. Ukwazi ukuthi izibonisi zisebenza kanjani kanye nokuqonda ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani kungathuthukisa umuzwa wakho womsindo kunoma yimuphi umongo.
Ukuboniswa kwakhiwa lapho amagagasi wamandla egxuma esuka ezindaweni noma ezintweni ezinezakhiwo ezihlukene ze-acoustic, njengezindonga, phansi nefenisha. Ukucabanga kukalwa njengesikhathi esithathwayo ukuze lawa maphethini amagagasi afinyelele endlebeni yomlaleli ngemva kokushiya indawo yawo yomthombo ngebanga elithile—lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokubuyela emuva (RT). Inani le-RT lincike ezimfanelweni zokumunca zezindawo ezingaphakathi kwegumbi futhi lizohluka ngokuya ngobukhulu, ukwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqina kanye/noma ukuphefumula. Ukwengeza, njengoba amagagasi asemoyeni ehlangana avame ukudala amagagasi aphezulu aziwa ngokuthi "ukuhlunga ikamu" okuphinde kube nomthelela ekutheni imisindo izozwakala kanjani ngabalaleli.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuboniswa ngokuqondile endaweni eqinile noma edluliselwe ngezinto ezifana nefenisha noma okhaphethi (abaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngosayizi wabo), lo mphumela usisiza ukuba senze umqondo wendawo yethu ethinta ngokujulile umbono wendawo esizungezile futhi iguqule ngokuphawulekayo indlela esiyibona ngayo. umsindo - womculo noma ngenye indlela - kunoma yisiphi isimo. Ukuqonda lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sakhe izingcezu ze-acoustic ezisebenza kahle ngokulawula amaleveli okucabanga, noma ngabe:
- Ukuthambisa imisindo okungenzeka ayilingani emakamelweni amancane kusetshenziswa izinto ezimuncayo.
- Ukudala imigqa yebhesi ekhuluphele ngenxa yokuma kwamagagasi emakhoneni.
- Amaseshini okulandelela aphumelelayo enziwa ekhaya ngaphandle kokwengeza ihadiwe eyengeziwe njengoba ubungenza ezitudiyo ezinkulu.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
