I-Dynamics iyingxenye ebalulekile yomculo engasiza abaculi ukuthi baziveze ngempumelelo.
Noma ngabe i-forte, upiyano, i-crescendo noma i-sforzando, zonke lezi zinguquko ziletha ukuthungwa kanye nobukhulu bengoma.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izisekelo ze-dynamics emculweni futhi sibheke isibonelo sendlela yokusebenzisa i-sforzando ukuletha isendlalelo esengeziwe sokujula kumculo wakho.
Incazelo ye-Dynamics
I-Dynamics igama lomculo elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza i- ivolumu kanye nokuqina komsindo noma inothi. Ihlobene ngokuqondile nenkulumo kanye nomuzwa wocezu. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho umculi edlala ngokuzwakalayo noma ephansi, usebenzisa amandla okushintshashintsha ukuze aveze noma agcizelele okuthile. I-Dynamics ingasetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwanoma yisiphi isitayela somculo, kusukela kokwakudala kuya ku-rock ne-jazz. Izitayela ezahlukene zomculo zivame ukuba nezimiso zazo zokuthi ama-dynamics asetshenziswa kanjani.
Uma ufunda umculo weshidi, ama-dynamics aboniswa ngezimpawu ezikhethekile ezibekwe ngenhla noma ngaphansi Kwabasebenzi. Nansi incazelo emfushane kwezinye izimpawu ezivame ukusetshenziswa nokuthi zisho ukuthini ngokuya nge-dynamics:
-pp (pianissimo) : Ithule kakhulu/ithambile
-p (upiyano) : Ithule/ithambile
-mp (i-mezzo upiyano): Ithule/ithambile ngokumaphakathi
-mf (mezzo forte): Inomsindo omaphakathi/iqinile
-f (forte): Inomsindo/iqinile
-ff (i-fortissimo): Inomsindo kakhulu/inamandla
-sfz (sforzando): Kugcizelelwe ngokuqinile inothi/ichodi eyodwa kuphela
Izinguquko eziguquguqukayo zengeza umbala nokungezwani kwengqondo emavesini omculo. Ukusebenzisa umehluko oguqukayo kuzo zonke izingcezu zomculo kusiza ukuwenza ahehe futhi ajabulise abalaleli.
Izinhlobo zamaDynamics
Amandla asetshenziswa emculweni ukukhombisa ukuthi ivolumu kufanele ibe phezulu noma ithambe kangakanani. Ama-Dynamics avezwa njengezinhlamvu futhi abekwe ekuqaleni kwesiqephu noma ekuqaleni kwendima. Angasukela ku-ppp (ethule kakhulu) kuye ku-fff (enomsindo omkhulu).
Okulandelayo uhlu lwamandla asetshenziswa kakhulu emculweni:
-PPP (Upiyano Kathathu): Ithambile kakhulu futhi intekenteke
-PP (Piano): Ithambile
-P (Mezzo Piano): Ithambile ngokumaphakathi
-MP (Mezzo Forte): Inomsindo ophakathi
-Mf (Forte): Kakhulu
-FF (Fortissimo): Kunomsindo kakhulu
-FFF (Triple Forte): Inomsindo omkhulu
Izimpawu ezinamandla zingahlanganiswa nezinye izimpawu ezibonisa ubude besikhathi, ukuqina kanye ne-timbre yenothi. Le nhlanganisela idala izigqi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ama-timbres, kanye nokuthungwa okuningi okuyingqayizivele. Ngokuhambisana ne-tempo ne-pitch, ama-dynamics asiza ukuchaza umlingiswa wocezu.
Ngokungeziwe ekwamukelweni okujwayelekile kuwo wonke amazwi omculo, izimpawu eziguqukayo zingasiza futhi ukulolonga imizwa ngaphakathi kwesiqephu ngokungeza umehluko phakathi kwemisindo nokuthambile. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kusiza ukudala ukungezwani futhi kwengeze umphumela omangalisayo - izici ezivame ukutholakala ezincekwini zasendulo kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomculo olusebenzisa amasu omculo engeziwe ukuze kwakhele abalaleli bawo umuzwa ohehayo.
Yini iSforzando?
I-Sforzando iwuphawu oluguquguqukayo emculweni, olusetshenziselwa ukugcizelela isigqi esithile noma ingxenye yocezu lomculo. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa emculweni wakudala nodumile futhi ingangeza umthelela onamandla engomeni. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokuqhubekayo ekusetshenzisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-sforzando nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani emculweni ukukhiqiza umsindo onamandla noguquguqukayo.
Incazelo yegama elithi Sforzando
I-Sforzando (sfz), igama lomculo elisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuhlasela okunamandla, okunamandla nokuzumayo kunothi. Ifushanisiwe njenge-sfz futhi ivamise ukuhlotshaniswa nezikhombisi-ndlela zokukhuluma ezikhuluma nomenzi. Ekubhalweni komculo, i-sforzando ikhombisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu komculo ngokugcizelela amanothi athile.
Igama lomculo libhekisela emandleni okuhlasela, noma indlela yokuphimisa, ebekwa kumanothi athile ocushweni lomculo. Ngokuvamile kuboniswa ngohlamvu olumalukeke oluthi “s” ngenhla noma ngezansi kwenothi okufanele lwenziwe kulo. Okwenzeka ngengozi kungase futhi kuboniswe ngokuthi “sforz” eduze kwalo myalelo.
Abadlali bavame ukuhumusha okuguquguqukayo okuzungezile ukusebenza kwabo ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokusebenzisa i-sforzando kumashuni, abaqambi banganikeza abaculi ngempumelelo iziqondiso eziqondene nomuntu ngamunye kanye namasiginali lapho kufanele bagcizelele amanothi athile phakathi kwesiqephu somculo. Lawa maphimbo azwakala ezinhlotsheni ezinjengomculo we-classical ne-jazz, lapho ukuhlukahluka ekuqanjweni kwenza umehluko phakathi kwempumelelo nokwehluleka— ngokwethula umehluko ocashile njenge-sforzando accents idrama eqinile ingangezwa ezenzweni njengoba kudingeka. Abaculi bazophinde bazithole sebedlala ngendlela ezwakalayo njengoba bengakwazi ukuqondisa amandla kumaphuzu athile ezingoma zabo ngokusebenzisa ngokucophelela lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zama-dynamics.
Kafushane, i-sforzando iyisici esivame ukutholakala kuzikolo zomculo we-classic okuhloswe ngaso ukwengeza ukuhlasela okugcizelelwe engxenyeni ephawuliwe—ngale ndlela abadlali bayakwazi ukuveza imizwa yabo nakakhulu phakathi nokudlala ngokuya ngendlela ukuhumusha kwabo okudinga ngayo ukuze benze izingoma. ukuzwakala kahle kakhulu!
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani iSforzando
I-Sforzando, i-sfz evame ukufushaniswa, iwuphawu olushintshashintshayo olubonisa ukuphimisela okungazelelwe nokugcizelelwa kunothi noma i-chord ethile. Le nqubo ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukugcizelela noma ukugqama okuguquguqukayo kuzingcezu zomculo, ngokunganaki isitayela. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwengeza ivolumu noma ukushuba ezingxenyeni zomculo.
Isibonelo esivame kakhulu sokusetshenziswa kwe-sforzando emculweni odumile kusezinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo lapho ukukhothama kwezintambo kwakha umfutho wezinto ezibonakalayo bese ukwehlisa lokhu kucindezela kungazelelwe kungenza inothi ligqame ezintweni ezizungezile. Nokho, i-sforzando akudingekile ukuthi isetshenziswe ezinsimbini zomculo ezinezintambo kuphela kodwa kunalokho noma iyiphi insimbi yomculo ngokuvamile (isb., ithusi, imimoya yokhuni, njll.).
Uma usebenzisa ukuphimisa kwe-sforzando kunoma yiliphi iqembu lezinsimbi (izintambo, ithusi, imimoya yokhuni njll.), kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuphinyiselwa okufanele kwalelo qembu elithile — ukuphimisa kubhekisela ekutheni mangaki amanothi enziwa phakathi kwebinzana kanye nobunikazi bawo (isb, i-staccato emfushane. amanothi aphikisana nemishwana emide ye-legato). Isibonelo, ngeyunithi yezinhlamvu uma ungeza iphimbo le-sforzando ungase ufune amanothi amafushane e-staccato ngokuphikisana nemishwana edlalwa i-legato lapho ukukhothama kungakha ukuqina bese kwehle ngokuzumayo. Ngezinsimbi eziphefumulayo futhi — kubalulekile ukuthi zingene ndawonye emshweni wazo ukuze zidlale ngomsindo owodwa ohlangene kunokukhipha umoya owodwa ongaxhumene.
Kubalulekile futhi uma usebenzisa i-sforzando dynamics ukuthi kube khona ukuthula okwanele ngaphambi kokudlala iphimbo ukuze igqame kakhulu futhi ibe nomthelela omkhulu kumlaleli. Uma kubhalwe kahle kumphumela womculo weshidi uzothola okuthi “sfz” ngenhla noma ngezansi kwamanothi afanele — lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lawo manothi athile kufanele agcizelelwe okwengeziwe lapho enziwa futhi alandelwe ukuphimisa okulungile noma izinhlangothi zombili!
Amandla Emculweni
Amandla emculweni abhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zemisindo ephezulu nethambile. I-Dynamics idala ukuthungwa nomoya, futhi igcizelela izingqikithi eziyinhloko zengoma. Ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo ama-dynamics emculweni kungakhuphula umsindo wakho futhi kuyise umculo wakho ezingeni elilandelayo. Ake sibheke i-sforzando njengesibonelo sendlela yokusebenzisa amandla emculweni.
Indlela I-Dynamics Ewuthinta Ngayo Umculo
Amandla emculweni yiziyalezo ezibhaliwe ezikhuluma ngokuzwakala okukhulu noma ukuthula kokudlalwa komculo. Izimpawu ezihlukahlukene eziguquguqukayo ezivela emculweni weshidi zibonisa kubadlali ivolumu enembile okufanele badlale indima ethile, kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo ngokushintsha okukhulu komfutho.
Igama eliguquguqukayo elivame kakhulu lithi forte (okusho “umsindo omkhulu”), elivezwa endaweni yonke ngohlamvu “F”. Okuphambene ne-forte, pianissimo ("ithambile kakhulu") ivame ukuphawulwa njengezinhlamvu ezincane "p". Eminye imiklamo yezimpawu ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala, njenge-crescendo (kancane kancane izwakala kakhulu) kanye ne-decrescendo (kancane kancane iyancipha).
Nakuba amathuluzi angawodwana anganikezwa ukuhlukahluka okuhlukile kwe-dynamics ngaphakathi kwesiqephu esithile, umehluko oguqukayo phakathi kwamathuluzi kusiza ukudala ukuthungwa okuthakazelisayo nokulinganisa okufanele phakathi kwezingxenye. Umculo uvame ukushintshana phakathi kwezigaba zomculo eziba phezulu kakhulu futhi ezinamandla kakhulu zilandelwa amavesi athule ahloselwe ukunikeza ukunethezeka nokuqhathanisa nomfutho wabanduleli bawo. Lokhu kuhluka okuguquguqukayo kungaphinda kwengeze intshisekelo kuphethini ye-ostinato (umculo ophindayo).
I-Sforzando isisho sesiNtaliyane esisetshenziswa njengophawu lomculo olusho ukuphimisela okunamandla kungazelelwe kunothi elilodwa noma iculo; ngokuvamile kuboniswa ngohlamvu sfz noma sffz ngokushesha kulandelwa inothi/ichord eshiwo. Ngokuvamile, i-sforzando yengeza ukugcizelela ngasekugcineni kwemishwana ukukhombisa idrama nomuzwa ophakeme, okudala ukungezwani ngaphambi kokuxazulula izikhathi ezithule ezihloselwe ukuzindla kanye nokulindela lokho okuzayo ekwakhiweni. Njengakwezinye izimpawu ze-dynamics, kufanele kuqashelwe uma kuqashwa i-sforzando ukuze kunganciphisi umphumela owufisayo kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ethile.
Ungayisebenzisa Kanjani I-Dynamics Ukuthuthukisa Umculo Wakho
Ukusebenzisa ama-dynamics ukuze udale umculo othokozisayo nohlukahlukene kuyisici esibalulekile sama-orchestra nokuhlela. Ama-Dynamics asetshenziselwa ukwazisa isipiliyoni sokulalela, ukugcizelela izindikimba, nokwakha maqondana novuthondaba. Ukuqonda ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani i-dynamics kungasiza ekulolongeni wonke umsindo weculo, kuyenze ibe namandla kubabukeli noma ukusetha ukuma kwemizwa ethile.
Emculweni, i-dynamics ibhekisela ezingeni levolumu lapho ucezu lomculo ludlalwa khona. Umehluko oyisisekelo kakhulu kumazinga aguqukayo uphakathi kokuthambile (upiyano) nokunomsindo (i-forte). Kodwa futhi kukhona amaleveli aphakathi nendawo phakathi kwalawa maphuzu amabili - i-mezzo-piano (mp), i-mezzo-forte (mf), i-fortissimo (ff) kanye ne-disi - avumela abaqambi ukuthi baqhubeke nokukhipha ama-nuances ekuqambeni kwabo. Ngokugcizelela amabhithi athile noma amanothi ngokugcizelela okukodwa ububanzi obunamandla ngaphezu kokunye, abaculi bangasiza ukucacisa imisho noma ukwengeza umbala ezingoma zabo ngaphandle kokushintsha isiginesha eyinhloko noma isakhiwo sokucula.
Izinguquko eziguqukayo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela kodwa futhi ngenhloso kulo lonke ucezu lomculo ukuze kube nomphumela omkhulu. Uma udlala nge-orchestra egcwele, khona-ke wonke umuntu kufanele adlale ngokucindezela komsindo okungaguquki; uma kungenjalo umsindo uzohluka kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwezinsimbi phakathi noshintsho ukusuka ku-mp–mf–f njll. Izinsimbi ezithile zingase zibe nomuzwa wazo we-staccato kuye ngokuthi izinguquko eziguquguqukayo zenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani emishwaneni - njengamacilongo adlala i-forte kuze kube amanothi ambalwa okugcina ebinzana bese ehlehlela emuva ngokushesha ophiyano ukuze ocula yedwa umtshingo abonakale phezulu ukuthungwa ensemble.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthunga okuguquguqukayo kungenye yezindlela abaculi abangathuthukisa ngayo ukutolika kwangempela futhi benze umbala ngaphakathi kwanoma iyiphi isiqephu abasifundayo nabasenzayo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyiqoqo, njengengxenye yokuthuthuka okuthuthukisiwe kokusebenza komuntu oyedwa , noma ngokumane bakhe into entsha ekhaya ngamathuluzi edijithali afana nezilawuli ze-MIDI. noma izinsimbi ezibonakalayo. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokucabanga nokuzijwayeza ukubumba imisindo ngokusebenzisa izinto eziguquguqukayo kuzoletha izinzuzo ngokomuntu siqu nangokomsebenzi - ukusiza abadlali abasebasha ukuthi baye emathubeni amakhulu kwezobuciko kuzo zonke izigaba!
Isiphetho
I-Sforzando iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuletha izinkulumo eziningi kanye nemibono emculweni wakho. Ikhono lokwengeza i-ritardando, i-crescendo, ama-accents, nezinye izimpawu eziguqukayo ekuqambeni kwakho kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wakho. Ukwengeza, ukufunda ukusebenzisa i-dynamics emculweni wakho kungakusiza udale isiqephu somculo esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esinomthelela, nesithakaselayo. Lesi sihloko sihlole izisekelo ze-sforzando kanye namandla emculweni, futhi ngethemba ukuthi ukunikeze ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani ezingomeni zakho.
Isifinyezo se-Dynamics ne-Sforzando
I-Dynamics, njengoba sibonile, inikeza amandla okuveza umculo. I-Dynamics yizici zomculo ezibonisa ukushuba noma ivolumu yenothi noma ibinzana lomculo. Amandla angamakwa ukusuka ku-ppp (ethule kakhulu) kuye ku-fff (enomsindo omkhulu). Izimpawu ezinamandla zisebenza ngokwenza izigaba ezinomsindo nezithambile zihlukaniseke futhi zihehe.
I-Sforzando, ngokuqondile, iphimbo elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukugcizelela futhi libhalwe emculweni onomugqa omfushane oqondile ngaphezu kwekhanda lenothi ukuze lizwakale kakhulu kunamanothi azungezile. Kanjalo, kuwumaka obalulekile oguqukayo owengeza ukuthinta okuvezayo ekuqambeni kwakho. I-Sforzando ingaveza imizwa nesasasa ezicushweni zakho zomculo futhi isetshenziswe njengendlela yokudala ukungabaza noma uguquko phakathi kwezigaba. Ukuze uthole okuningi kukho, sebenzisa inhlanganisela ehlukene ye-dynamics — ppp to fff — kanye nama-sforzandos ezindaweni ezihlukene kusiqeshana sakho ukuze udlulisele isimo sengqondo osifunayo.
Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Dynamics Emculweni
Ukusebenzisa ama-dynamics emculweni kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwengeza ukuvezwa nokuthakasela ucezu lwakho. Ama-Dynamics izinguquko ezingeni elihlobene, ukusuka phezulu ukuya kokuthambile nokubuyela emuva futhi. Uma ucula umculo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunaka izikhombisi-ndlela ezibhalwe kumaphuzu noma eshidini eliholayo. Uma umculo ungenazo izinkomba eziguqukayo, kulungile ukuthi usebenzise ukuqonda kwakho lapho unquma ukuthi kufanele udlale phezulu noma uthule kangakanani.
Izimpawu eziguqukayo zisiza abaculi bakhombise ushintsho ukusuka kwelinye izinga lokushuba ukuya kwelinye. Angaqukatha amagama afana nelithi “fortissimo” (elinomsindo kakhulu) noma elithi “mezzoforte” (ngokunamandla kancane). Kukhona nezimpawu eziningi ezisetshenziswa ekubhalweni komculo ezinezincazelo zazo ezifana nophawu lwe-sforzando olubonisa ukuphimisela okunamandla ngokwedlulele ekuqaleni kwenothi noma ibinzana. Ezinye izimpawu ezifana ne-crescendo, i-decrescendo kanye ne-diminuendo zisetshenziswa zibonisa ukunyuka kancane kancane nokuncipha kwevolumu phakathi nokuhamba komculo okunwetshiwe.
Uma udlala nabanye abaculi, okuguquguqukayo kufanele kuxoxwe kusenesikhathi ukuze wonke umuntu azi ukuthi izingxenye kufanele zihlangane kanjani. Ukuqaphela okuguquguqukayo kungasiza ekukhipheni imisele ethile noma ukuhluka obekungalahleka uma yonke into ibidlalwa ngeleveli eyodwa engaguquki. Kungase futhi kudale ukungezwani phakathi kwezingxenye ezithile noma izinqumo lapho okuguquguqukayo kuguquguquka kungazelelwe phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu kakhulu nathambile. Njengoba uba nolwazi olunzulu lokudlala umculo ngendlebe - ukusebenzisa amandla kungasiza ukwengeza imizwa nenkulumo ezokwenza ukusebenza kwakho kugqame kwabanye!
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
