A Umsindo weDijithali I-Workstation (DAW) iwumgogodla wokukhiqizwa komsindo wesimanje, okuvumela abaculi nabakhiqizi ukuthi baqophe, bahlele, bahlele futhi baxube umculo endaweni yedijithali.
Kuyithuluzi elinamandla elivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi badale umculo ekhaya, esitudiyo, noma kwezinye izimo, ngisho usohambeni.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izisekelo ze-DAW, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezici namakhono ewanikezayo.
Incazelo ye-DAW
I-Digital Audio Workstation, noma i-DAW, iyisistimu yokuqopha okulalelwayo enamathrekhi amaningi. Isetshenziselwa ukurekhoda nokuhlela umsindo ngendlela yezingoma zomculo. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukudala imiphumela yomsindo nezimakethe zomsakazo.
Ama-DAW asebenzisa isofthiwe nezingxenye zehadiwe ndawonye ukuze enze uhlelo oluphelele lokuqopha nokuxuba olungasetshenziswa ngochwepheshe embonini yomculo, kanye nabaqalayo. Uhlelo ngokuvamile luhlanganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo somsindo, irekhoda/isidlali somsindo, kanye a ukuxuba ikhonsoli. Ama-DAW avame ukusebenzisa izilawuli ze-MIDI, ama-plugin (imiphumela), amakhibhodi (ukusebenza bukhoma) noma imishini yezigubhu ukurekhoda umculo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ama-DAW aya ngokuya aduma ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwawo kalula kanye nohlu lwezici azinikeza abaculi abangochwepheshe kanye nabathandi bokuzilibazisa ngokufanayo. Angaphinde asetshenziselwe ukwenza i-podcasting nomsebenzi we-voiceover, okuwenza abe yinketho enhle kubo bobabili abakhiqizi abangafundanga kahle nabangochwepheshe abafuna ukuqala ukudala amaphrojekthi abo ekhaya.
Umlando we-DAW
I-Digital Audio Workstation yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngeminyaka yawo-1980, yathuthukiswa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi efinyeleleka kalula yokudala nokuqopha umculo kunezinqubo ze-analogi zendabuko. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-DAW bekunomkhawulo ngenxa yehadiwe nesoftware ebizayo, okwenza kube nzima kubasebenzisi basekhaya ukukusebenzisa. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-2000, njengoba ikhompuyutha iba namandla kakhulu futhi ingabizi kakhulu, izindawo zokusebenza zomsindo wedijithali zaqala ukutholakala kalula ukuze zithengwe.
I-DAW yesimanje manje ihlanganisa kokubili ihadiwe yokurekhoda ulwazi lomsindo ngedijithali kanye nesofthiwe yokulukhohlisa. Le nhlanganisela yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe ingasetshenziswa ukudala ukurekhodwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuzinkundla zomsindo ezenziwe ngaphambilini noma imisindo yohlelo evela emithonjeni engaphandle njengezinsimbi noma amasampula arekhodiwe ngaphambilini. Kulezi zinsuku, izindawo zokusebenza zomsindo wedijithali ezisezingeni eliphezulu zitholakala kabanzi ngezindlela ezihlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nanoma yisiphi isabelomali noma ukusetshenziswa kalula.
Izinhlobo ze-DAW
I-Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) ihlinzeka umsebenzisi ngamathuluzi okudala nokuxuba umculo, kanye nedizayini yomsindo ekuhambeni komsebenzi wesimanje wedijithali. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zama-DAW atholakalayo emakethe kusukela ku-hardware-based, software-based, kuya kuma-DAWs omthombo ovulekile. Ngayinye inesethi yayo yezici namandla angase abe yinzuzo kuphrojekthi yakho. Ake sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-DAW manje.
I-DAW esekelwe ku-hardware
I-Hardware-based Digital Audio Workstations (DAW) yizinhlelo ezizimele ezihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngamakhono achwepheshile okuhlela okulalelwayo asuka kuplathifomu yehadiwe ye-DAW ezinikele. Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa kuma-studio okurekhoda, izikhungo zokusakaza nezokukhiqiza ngemuva, lawa madivayisi avame ukunikeza izinga elikhulu lokuguquguquka nokulawula amasistimu asekelwe ekhompyutheni. Amanye amadivaysi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha adume kakhulu anikezela ngemisebenzi yokurekhoda nokuhlela okupheleleyo, kanye nezindawo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokuphatha ukusakazwa komsindo wamathrekhi amaningi. Ukuphatheka kwazo kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwama-rigs okukhiqiza amaselula.
Izici ezivamile ze-hardware DAWs zifaka phakathi umzila othuthukisiwe nokulawula ukuxuba, amandla amakhulu okulungisa afana ne-panning, i-EQing, i-automation kanye nezinketho zokucubungula imiphumela. Ukwengeza, iningi libuye lihlome ngezihlungi zokuhlanekezela eziklanyelwe ukuguqula imisindo ibe imisindo ehlukile. Amanye amamodeli angase afake namakhono okucindezela akhelwe ngaphakathi noma ama-virtual synthesizers ukuze adale amasampuli angokwezifiso noma imisindo. Ngenkathi amanye amayunithi alungiselelwe ukuvumela okokufaka kwephimbo eliqondile noma izinsimbi ngenkathi udlala amathrekhi angemuva noma amathrekhi amaningi aqoshiwe, amanye adinga okokusebenza okwengeziwe njengezilawuli zangaphandle noma amamakrofoni ukuze axhunywe kuyunithi ngembobo ye-USB noma ezinye izimbobo zokuxhuma ezivamile zomsindo.
Ama-DAW wezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha angasetshenziswa kukho kokubili izilungiselelo ezibukhoma nezestudiyo ngenxa yesici sazo sokuphatheka kanye nohlelo lokulawula olunembile oluvumela izikhathi ezimbalwa zokusetha lapho usuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwelandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hardware DAWs ivamise ukuhlinzeka ngebhalansi enhle kakhulu phakathi kokufinyeleleka kanye nekhwalithi uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abasekelwe kukhompuyutha abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi eminingi efanayo ngengxenyana yezindleko.
I-DAW esekwe kwisoftware
Ama-DAW asekelwe ku-software ayizinhlelo zomsindo ezisebenza ku-hardware yedijithali njengekhompyutha yedeskithophu, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, i-digital mixer noma indawo yokusebenza. Banikeza izici eziningi nokuvumelana nezimo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-DAW asekelwe kuhadiwe, kodwa kudinga ikhompuyutha enamandla kakhulu ukuze isebenze kahle. Amanye ama-DAW asekelwe ku-software aziwa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-ProTools, i-Logic Pro X, i-Reason ne-Ableton Live.
Ama-DAW asekelwe ku-software anikeza abasebenzisi inala yamathuluzi nezici ezingasetshenziswa ukuqamba nokuqopha umculo. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amathuluzi abonakalayo, amandla okudlala okulalelwayo (njenge-plugin yokudlala okulalelwayo), izixube (ukulinganisa imisindo) namaphrosesa wemiphumela (njengezilinganisi, izenzo kanye nokubambezeleka).
Ama-DAW asekelwe kwisofthiwe futhi anikezela ngamakhono okuhlela, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqhubeke nokukhohlisa imisindo yabo ngokusebenzisa ama-plugin ahlukahlukene noma izilawuli zezinkampani zangaphandle ezifana namakhibhodi e-MIDI noma ama-trackpad. Ukwengeza, ama-DAW amaningi asekelwe kuma-software afaka uhlu lwezinketho zokuhlaziya umsindo zokuhlaziya isigqi ukuze kucushwe iziqeshana noma amasampula ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kusiza abasebenzisi bandise ububanzi bezingoma zabo ngokudala umculo ngezindlela ezingenakwenzeka ngezinsimbi zomdabu zodwa.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa i-DAW
I-Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) isofthiwe ekuvumela ukuthi urekhode, uhlele futhi uhlanganise umsindo wedijithali. I-DAW iletha izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwemishini yokurekhoda evamile njengezindleko eziphansi, ukuhamba nokuguquguquka. Lokhu kwenza i-DAW ilungele kokubili ochwepheshe kanye nama-hobbyists. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa i-DAW.
Ukuhamba komsebenzi okuthuthukisiwe
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokusebenzisa i-DAW ukuhamba komsebenzi okuthuthukisiwe. Ngesistimu yokukhiqiza umculo yezinga lochwepheshe, abasebenzisi bayakwazi ukuqeda ngokushesha nangokuzikhandla imisebenzi ebivame ukuthatha amahora omsebenzi onzima wezandla phakathi nengxenye nje yesikhathi. Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi kubaculi abasebenza kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ama-DAW futhi ahlinzeka ngezici ezithuthukile njengezilawuli ezihlanganisiwe ze-MIDI namaphrosesa wemiphumela avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngendlela oyifisayo umsindo wemikhiqizo yabo ngaphandle kokudinga ihadiwe eyengeziwe noma amathuluzi esofthiwe. Ukwengeza, ama-DAW amaningi esimanje afika nezinto zokufundisa, izifanekiso kanye nabahleli bomsindo/i-MIDI abakhelwe ngaphakathi abenza ukudalwa komculo kube lula kunangaphambili. Okokugcina, ama-DAW amaningi ahlanganisa namakhono okugcina amafu avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane kalula futhi bahlanganyele nabanye abakhiqizi ngaphandle kokushintsha izinhlelo.
Ukulawula okungeziwe
Uma usebenzisa i-digital audio workstation (DAW), ukhulise ukulawula inqubo yakho yokukhiqiza umculo. I-DAW ikunikeza amathuluzi okudala nokukhohlisa umsindo ngedijithali, kuyilapho ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize amaphrojekthi obuciko nokuqanjwa ngezinga eliphezulu lokunemba.
Ukusebenzisa i-DAW kukunikeza ukufinyelela kumathuluzi abonakalayo, amasampula, ama-EQ, ama-compressor neminye imiphumela esiza ukulolonga nokuhlela umsindo wakho ngezindlela ezingenakwenzeka ngezinsimbi ezivamile noma okokuqopha. Isibonelo, i-DAW ingakusiza ungqimba izingxenye phezu kwesinye ukuze udale izinguquko ezibushelelezi ukusuka komunye umbono noma isigqi ukuya komunye. Imvelo yedijithali ye-DAW iphinde inike amandla ama-looping alandelanayo futhi inikeze cishe amathuba angenamkhawulo wokuhlela.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokusebenzisa i-DAW yikhono elinikeza abasebenzisi ukuthi bazenzele izinto ezithile ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi yabo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzenzekela kwamaleveli afana nezilungiselelo zevolumu noma zokunweba, kanye nemithelela efana nokulibaziseka nezikhathi zokubola kwesaga, noma izilungiselelo zokushintshashintsha kwezihlungi. I-automation ivumela ukulawula okunembile phezu kwemiksi yakho kanye nokwengeza ukunyakaza noma ukuchuma kumisindo engacacile. Futhi yenza imisebenzi yangemva kokucubungula ibe lula efana nokufiphala noma ukufiphala kwamasegimenti ngaphandle kokuthi ulungise amasethingi mathupha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ukonga isikhathi sabakhiqizi emisebenzini ebonakala iyinto evamile kuyilapho ubanikeza ukufinyelela emathubeni okudala aphezulu.
Ngokusebenzisa amandla atholakala iziteshi zesimanje zomsindo wedijithali, abakhiqizi bangabona ngokunembe kakhulu umbono wabo womculo kunanini ngaphambili - ukudala amarekhodi ngokushesha anemiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu kunalokho obekungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zakudala zokukhiqiza ze-analogi.
Ukwanda kokuvumelana nezimo
Ukusebenzisa i-Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nezimo eziguquguqukayo ezengeziwe lapho besebenza ngomsindo. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukukhohlisa okuqukethwe komsindo ukuze athole umsindo abawufunayo. Ngaphakathi kwe-DAW, yonke imisebenzi yokurekhoda nokuhlela yomsindo ingenziwa ngaphakathi kwesikrini esisodwa, okwenza kube lula kumsebenzisi ukwenza izinguquko ezisheshayo lapho endiza futhi aqinisekise ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomsindo.
Ngaphezu kokuvumelana nezimo, ama-DAW ahlinzeka ngezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile kubaculi, abakhiqizi nokuqopha onjiniyela. Izici eziningana eziza nama-DAW zifaka phakathi imisebenzi yokuhlanza ephakeme; izici ezithuthukisiwe ze-automation; ikhono looping; ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezibonakalayo; amakhono okuqopha ama-multitrack; ihlanganisa imisebenzi ye-MIDI; kanye nezinketho ezithuthukisiwe zokukhiqiza ezifana nokucindezelwa kwe-side-chaining. Ngobuchwepheshe besimanje bezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha nobuchwepheshe besofthiwe, abasebenzisi bangakha ukuqoshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokuqanjwa ngaphandle kokutshala imali eningi kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezibizayo noma izidingo zesikhala.
Ngokusebenzisa indawo yokusebenza yomsindo wedijithali, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukusizakala ngamathuluzi esofthiwe anamandla ngentengo ethengekayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzuza imiphumela yokuzwakala kochwepheshe ngezikhathi ezifushane. Amaciko asebenzisa ama-DAW awasakhawulelwa yizinsimbi zawo ukuze enze imiqondo yawo yomculo ibe okuthile okubambekayo - okubavumela ukuthi babe nokufinyelela okukhulu ekukhiqizeni amaphrojekthi ekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi yomsindo noma ubuciko.
Ama-DAW adumile
I-digital audio workstation (DAW) wuhlobo lohlelo lwesofthiwe olusetshenziselwa ukuqopha okulalelwayo, ukuhlela nokukhiqiza. Ama-DAW asetshenziswa onjiniyela bomsindo, abakhiqizi nabaculi ukuze baqophe, baxube futhi bakhiqize umculo neminye imisindo. Kulesi sigaba, sizogxila kuma-DAW adumile atholakala manje emakethe.
I-Pro Tools
I-Pro Tools ingesinye seziteshi zomsindo wedijithali ezaziwa kakhulu (ama-DAW) ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni komculo wesimanje. I-Pro Tools ithuthukiswa futhi idayiswa i-Avid Technology futhi ibisetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1989. Njengenye yezindinganiso zemboni ye-DAW, Amathuluzi e-Pro anezici ezihlukahlukene ezikhula njalo ezenza kube ukukhetha okukhangayo kubaculi nabakhiqizi bawo wonke amazinga. .
I-Pro Tools igqama kwamanye ama-DAW ngenxa yokukhethwa kwawo okubanzi kwama-plugin, imiphumela, namathuluzi kanye nezindlela zayo eziguquguqukayo zomzila. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amamiksi ayinkimbinkimbi kalula. Ukwengeza, Amathuluzi we-Pro anikezela ngezici eziqondiswe ngokukhethekile konjiniyela bomsindo abangochwepheshe njengamathuluzi okuhlela amathrekhi, amandla okuqapha okubambezeleka okuphansi, ukuhlelwa okunembe kwesampula, nokuhlanganiswa kokulandela ngomkhondo okunezilawuli eziningi ezidumile zehadiwe.
Ekugcineni, i-Pro Tools iboleka ekuhambeni komsebenzi kobuciko okusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe owabo umsindo ohlukile. I-interface yayo yomsebenzisi enembile yenza kube lula ukufunda nokuzulazula kuyilapho kunikeza inala yamathuluzi anamandla kubaculi abanolwazi. Ngomtapo wayo obanzi wama-plugin kanye nohlu olubanzi lokusebenzisana namanye amadivaysi, Amathuluzi we-Pro ingenye yezindawo zokusebenzela ze-Digital Audio ezitholakala namuhla.
I-Logic Pro
I-Logic Pro iyisiteshi sokusebenzela somsindo wedijithali esiphrofeshinali esidalwe i-Apple, Inc. Iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuwo womabili amadivayisi e-Mac ne-iOS futhi isekela kokubili i-32-bit ne-64-bit Windows nama-Mac. Inokusebenza okunamandla okwenzelwe wonke umuntu, kodwa inezici ezinamandla zochwepheshe.
Ku-Logic Pro, abasebenzisi bangarekhoda, baqambe futhi bakhiqize umculo ngezinsimbi ezibonakalayo, izinsimbi ze-MIDI, amasampula esofthiwe namaluphu. Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlanganisa amathuluzi angamasampula angaphezu kuka-7000 avela emitatsheni yolwazi ehlukene engama-30 emhlabeni wonke ahlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ongazicabanga. Injini yomsindo ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe ukuhlukahluka okungapheli kwamaketango omphumela - okusho ukuthi bangasebenzisa imiphumela efana nama-EQ, ama-compressor nezaga kumathrekhi ngamanye.
I-Logic Pro iphinde inikeze ingcebo yezinketho zokulandelanisa ngomhleli wayo we-matrix eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ovumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balolonge ngokushesha umsindo wabo ukuze ulungele ukukhishwa noma ukusakazwa. Izilungiselelo zomugqa wesiteshi zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlele imisindo yabo kuwo wonke amathrekhi angu-16 efasiteleni elilodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kuyilapho isihlanganisi sinikeza umklamo womsindo owenzeka ngokwezifiso onemiphumela efinyelela kwangu-32 ithrekhi ngayinye - ilungele kokubili onjiniyela bokuhlanganisa abangochwepheshe kanye nezimfundamakhwela zokurekhoda ngokufanayo. I-Logic Pro ngokwayo inikezela nge-Flex Time ekuvumela ukuthi uhambise izifunda ze-tempo'd ezihlukile phakathi komugqa wesikhathi owodwa ukuze udale izinguquko eziyingqayizivele noma okurekhodiwe okuhlukile kwe-LP ukugwema kalula ukuqopha kabusha isikhathi esiningi noma ukuhlela okungalungile kwesikhathi.
Sekukonke, i-Logic Pro isengenye yeziteshi zomsindo wedijithali ezaziwa kakhulu ezitholakalayo ngoba iwuhlelo lokukhiqiza olunamandla ngendlela emangalisayo elithembekile kodwa eliqonde ngokwanele uhla olubanzi lwabakhiqizi kusukela kwabasaqalayo kuze kufike kumakadebona embonini ngokufanayo.
Ableton Live
I-Ableton Live iyindawo yokusebenzela yomsindo wedijithali edumile (DAW) esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza umculo nokusebenza bukhoma. Kufaka phakathi kokubili amathuluzi okurekhoda nawokuqamba, okukuvumela ukuthi udale imisindo eyinkimbinkimbi namabhithi kusixhumanisi esibonakalayo esenza ukusebenza ngesigqi nemiculo kube nomoya ohelezayo. I-Ableton iphinde ibe nezici ezinamandla njengezilawuli ze-MIDI, ezivumela abaculi ukuthi baxhume i-hardware yabo ne-Ableton Live ukuze balawule ngesikhathi sangempela iziqeshana, imisindo nemiphumela.
I-Live inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho mayelana nokuthenga: i-edishini evamile iqukethe zonke izinto eziyisisekelo, kuyilapho i-Suite inikeza abasebenzisi amathuluzi athuthuke kakhulu njenge-Max for Live - ulimi lokuhlela olwakhelwe kokuthi Bukhoma. Kukhona futhi inguqulo yesilingo samahhala etholakalayo ukuze uyihlole ngaphambi kokuthenga - zonke izinguqulo ziyahambisana nezinkundla ezahlukene.
Ukuhamba komsebenzi kwe-Ableton kuklanyelwe ukuthi kube uketshezi kakhulu; ungabeka izinsimbi nomsindo ku-Session View noma urekhode imibono yakho ngaso leso sikhathi usebenzisa Ukubuka Kohlelo. I-Clip Launcher ihlinzeka abaculi ngendlela enhle yokucupha iziqeshana eziningi ngasikhathi sinye - ilungele ukudlala “okubukhoma” okufisayo lapho ukuthuthukiswa komculo kuhlangana nobuhlakani bezobuchwepheshe.
Okubukhoma akugcini nje ngokukhiqiza umculo; izici zayo ezibanzi ziyenza ifanelekele ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi - kusukela emisebenzini yomsindo yangemuva kokukhiqizwa kuya ku-DJing bukhoma noma ukuklama umsindo, okuyenza ibe enye yama-DAW asebenza ngezindlela eziningi namuhla!
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, i-Digital Audio Workstation iyithuluzi elinamandla lokukhiqiza umculo, ukulandelana nokuqoshwa komsindo. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe ukulandelana komculo okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqopha amathrekhi omsindo kufomethi yedijithali, futhi basebenzise amasampuli kalula kusofthiwe. Ngokunikeza ukufinyelela kumathuluzi okuhlela anhlobonhlobo, ama-plugin nezici, Iziteshi Zomsindo Ezidijithali ziguqule indlela esidala futhi sixube ngayo umculo. Ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula, izici ezinamandla nemiphumela engaguquki yekhwalithi ephezulu; i-Digital Audio Workstation isiphenduke inketho ekhethwayo yabaculi abangochwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
