Orville Gibson (1856-1918) yaba ngakumbi, umqokeleli kunye nomenzi wezixhobo zomculo ezaba sisiseko sento eyaziwa namhlanje njenge Gibson Iqumrhu lesiginci.
Ummi waseChateaugay, eNew York, u-Orville waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza umtya wentsimbi. Iigita ngeempawu eziphuculweyo zesandi.
Ngempumelelo yakhe yokuqala esandleni, emva koko waseka inkampani yokuvelisa. Izixhobo ze-Orville - kubandakanywa i-mandolins - ngokukhawuleza zaduma phakathi kwabadlali, ngokukodwa iimvumi zelizwe kunye ne-bluegrass.
Wayekwangumntu osungula izinto ezintsha kuyilo kunye neefom njengoko wayenelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza olutsha oluninzi kuquka ubuchule bakhe bokubrawuza i-X obuhlala bungumgangatho kulwakhiwo lwesiginci lwanamhlanje.
Impembelelo kaGibson kwihlabathi lomculo isaqhubeka nanamhlanje; iimveliso zenkampani yakhe zisathathelwa ingqalelo kakhulu ngabaninzi. Iziginci zakhe zisetyenziswe ngamanye amagama amakhulu kumculo kuyo yonke le minyaka kuquka u-Eric Clapton, uPete Townshend kunye noJimmy Page (ukubalula nje abambalwa). Ukongeza kwisandi sabo esikumgangatho ophezulu, baziwa ngoyilo lwabo olunomtsalane oluye lwaba ziisimboli zelitye kunye nenkcubeko yokuqengqeleka iminyaka. Ibali lephupha laseMelika ngasemva kukaGibson liyinkuthazo kubantu abaninzi abanqwenela i-luthiers kwihlabathi liphela njengoko uthando kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe kumsebenzi wobugcisa kuya kuhlala kuluphawu lokugqwesa kwimbali yomculo ngonaphakade.
Ubomi bokuqala kunye neMfundo
U-Orville Gibson wazalwa ngo-1856 eChateaugay, eNew York. Wakhuliswa ngumama kunye nomakhulu wakhe, bobabini ababenomculo kakhulu. Njengomfana osemncinci, u-Orville waphenjelelwa yimisebenzi ye-violinist uNicolo Paganini waza waba nomdla ekudaleni izixhobo zomculo. Ngoxa wayesekwishumi elivisayo, u-Orville waqalisa ukwenza iimandolin neziginkci kwivenkile yokwenza amaplanga awayesebenza kuyo. Uyilo lwakhe lwangaphambili lwaluyilwe kakuhle kwaye lwalubalasele xa luthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo zelo xesha.
Iminyaka yokuqala ka-Orville
U-Orville H. Gibson wazalwa ngo-Agasti 24, 1856 e-Chateaugay, eNew York. Esemncinane kakhulu, wabonisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokwenza umthi kunye nokulungisa izixhobo. Wafunda ukudlala izixhobo zomculo ezininzi xa wayekwishumi elivisayo, kuquka ivayolin nebhanjo. Nangona kunjalo, uthando lwakhe lokwenene lwalusekuphuhliseni izixhobo ezineentambo ezizodwa ezenziwe ngobuchule obumangalisayo.
Kwiminyaka eyi-19, u-Orville wafudukela eKalamazoo, eMichigan wavula eyakhe ivenkile yokulungisa nokudala izixhobo. Ivenkile yaba yimpumelelo enkulu; abathengi babeza bevela kwiikhilomitha ukuya kufuna iinkonzo zika-Orville kwaye bathenge izinto azidalileyo. Ukwaqale ukwenza iilute ezathi zatsala ingqalelo yeemvumi ezivunyiweyo kulo mmandla wonke. Abanini beevenkile zomculo abaninzi abathengisa ezi lute baba nomdla ekusebenzisaneni naye ukuze banyuse intengiso yezixhobo zikaOrville ngelixa benamalungelo akhethekileyo okuzisasaza. Emva kweminyaka emininzi yemisebenzi yeshishini eyimpumelelo, u-Orville wagqiba ekubeni avale ivenkile yakhe encinci ngo-1897 ukuze agxile ekwandiseni ishishini lakhe lokwenza izixhobo kunye nala maqabane kwishishini lokuthengisa.
Imfundo kaOrville
U-Orville Gibson wazalwa nge-22 kaDisemba, ngo-1856 e-Chateaugay, eNew York ngu-Elza noCicero. Wayengowesixhenxe kubantwana abali-10. Emva kokugqiba amabanga aphantsi eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala, uOrville waya kwikholeji yezoshishino eWatertown ukuze ancedise kwimfundo yakhe esisiseko ngobuchule awayeza kubudinga ukuze aqalise umsebenzi. Ngeli xesha, wathatha imisebenzi emininzi kunye neefektri zasekhaya kunye nabathungi njengendlela yokuziphilisa.
Kwiminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, u-Orville waba nomdla ngakumbi kumculo ngenxa yezifundo ezithile azifundisayo kwiharmonica esengumntwana. Wakhawuleza waqonda ukuba ukudlala izixhobo zomculo kuya kuba yindlela entle yokongeza umvuzo wakhe kwaye ngaloo ndlela waqala ukufunda ukudlala ikatala kunye ne-mandolin esebenzisa iincwadi zemiyalelo awayezi-odole ngokukhethekileyo eChicago. Iiklasi zakhe zaziquka iikhosi zokulungelelanisa nokuhlanganisa imitya; i-soldering; ukudala izikali; i-fretwork; iindlela zokucoca ezivakalayo; ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zomculo ezifana neziginkci kunye neemandolin; ithiyori yomculo; ukufunda amanqaku eokhestra; uqheliselo lwezandla zokusebenzisa izandla kwisantya esiphezulu kwimitya; imbali yesiginci kunye nenani lezinye izihloko ezinxulumene. Ngaphandle kokungafumaneki kuye ukufundisa okanye imfundo yesikolo kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni ngelo xesha, u-Orville walandela olu lwazi ngokuntywila kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo ye-intanethi eyayifumaneka njengeencyclopedias, iincwadi zezifundo ezigxile ekwakheni izixhobo zomculo kunye namaphepha-ncwadi asekelwe kwizixhobo ezineentambo phakathi kwezinye. izinto. Oku kuye kwanceda ukwandisa ukuqonda kwakhe kumtyhalela kubukhulu kwaye ekugqibeleni enze into namhlanje eyaziwa ngokufikelelwa ngumntu wonke namhlanje naphina ngemizuzu nje - Inkampani yeGibson Guitar eguqule umculo ngonaphakade.
umsebenzi
U-Orville Gibson waziwa kakhulu njenge-luthier kunye nomseki wenkampani yesiginci, iGibson Guitar Corporation. Wayeyintshatsheli kubuchule bokwenza isiginkci owatshintsha indlela ezazisenziwa ngayo iziginkci. Wayenempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso lweziginkci zombane zanamhlanje. Makhe sijonge umsebenzi ka-Orville Gibson ngokubanzi.
Umsebenzi wokuqala ka-Orville
U-Orville Gibson wazalwa ngo-1856 eChateaugay, eNew York. Wafunda ukwenza iinkuni kuyise kunye nabantakwabo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza waqala ukwenza izixhobo kwivenkile yeplanga yentsapho. Ngokuthanda umculo kunye nezixhobo ezibiza kakhulu zaseYurophu ezazingafumaneki kubantu abaninzi baseMelika ngelo xesha, u-Orville waqala ukwenza izixhobo ezifikelelekayo ngoyilo oluphuculweyo lweevenkile zomculo zasekhaya.
Kwi-1902, u-Orville waseka i-Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co., Ltd ukuvelisa i-mandolins, i-banjos kunye nezinye izixhobo ezineentambo. Ngo-1925, bathenga isityalo eKalamazoo, eMichigan esasiza kuba likhaya labo elisisigxina. U-Orville uye wakha iqela elincomekayo leengcali zokuyila izixhobo eziyilwe malunga nombono wakhe womzi-mveliso onokuvelisa izixhobo zomculo ezisemgangathweni wazo zonke iintlobo.
Le nkampani yasungula uluhlu lweemveliso eziyimpumelelo kule minyaka idlulileyo kuquka ii-archtop guitar, ii-flattop guitar kunye ne-mandolins ezenziwe zathandwa ziimvumi ezidumileyo ezifana noBill Monroe kunye noChet Atkins abaye bathembela kumgangatho wabo wesandi. Ngeminyaka yoo-1950s uGibson wayesele yenye yezona ntlobo zaziwayo zikatala emhlabeni ezineziginkci ezifana neLes Paul ekhuthaza imikhosi yabadlali abatsha besiginci ngeengoma zerock 'n roll eziphenjelelwa yimvelaphi yaseGibsons kunye nobugcisa bobugcisa.
Ukuveliswa kwe-Orville ye-Archtop Guitar
U-Orville Gibson wayengumyili weegitala zokuqala ze-archtop, ezathi zakhutshwa ngo-1902. Wayeyintshatsheli enkulu kwihlabathi lokwenza isiginci ngokuyila kwakhe utyikityo. Iziginci zakhe zazahluke kakhulu kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesiginci phambi kwazo kwaye zineempawu ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweegitare zikaGibson kunye nezinye iziginkci ngelo xesha yayikukuba zazibonisa umphezulu okrolwe ngendlela egobileyo okanye egobileyo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba isiginkci esinokugcinwa ngcono kunye nokuphuculwa kwentelekelelo. Ingcamango ka-Orville Gibson yayiphambi kwexesha layo kwaye iguqule uyilo lweziginci ze-acoustic ngonaphakade.
Isiginci se-archtop sisasetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje, kunye nohlengahlengiso ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuze luhambelane nezinto ezikhethwa ngabadlali, njengeendlela ezisikwayo zokufikelela kwi-frets eziphezulu okanye ii-pickup ezongeziweyo kwisandi esongeziweyo. Iye yaba lolona khetho ludumileyo phakathi kwabadlali bejazz yombane kunye nefolk okanye iblues slide abadlali ngokufanayo ngenxa yethowuni ephendulayo yejazzy kunye nokuhla kwayo okunzulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-arched top ivelisa "i-boominess" eyahlukileyo xa idlalwa ngokuvakalayo ehambelana nazo zonke iintlobo zomculo ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwi-rock 'n' roll nayo yonke into ephakathi!
Ilifa
U-Orville Gibson wayengumqalisi wezinto ezintsha owaba nguvulindlela wophuhliso lwekatala eliphezulu. Ilifa lakhe kwimvumi yanamhlanje kunye neshishini lomculo likhulu kakhulu. Nangona wayephuma kwimvelaphi ephantsi, u-Orville wayeyi-adaptha yokuqala yobugcisa obutsha nezinto zokwakha, yaye wazisebenzisa ukwenza izixhobo zomculo eziye zaliguqula ihlabathi lomculo. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwilifa lika-Orville Gibson.
Impembelelo kuMculo
U-Orville Gibson wamkelwa ngokubanzi njengovulindlela kunye nentshayelelo kushishino lwesiginci. Wayengomnye wabasunguli bokuqala kwimveliso yeekatala ezivakalayo, ekhuthaza isimbo kunye nobuchule ngaphezu kobuhle. Indalo yakhe yayisaziwa ngokuvakala kwayo kunye nomthamo xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli zenkulungwane ye-19.
Ngenxa yobutsha bakhe, izixhobo zikaGibson zazifunwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngakumbi eNgilani. Iigitala zakhe zakhawuleza zaba yintandokazi phakathi kweegitala zakudala ngenxa yesandi esikhethekileyo kunye noyilo. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nale mfuno ikhulayo, uGibson wavula ivenkile yakhe yomculo ebizwa ngokuthi "I-Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg Co.," eyayigxile ngokukodwa ekuveliseni izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunabo bakhuphisana nabo.
Igalelo eliphambili likaGibson lalikwazisa ingcamango entsha yokuphucula uyilo olukhoyo ngexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho wetoni okanye isandi. Ubuchwephesha obunjalo bubandakanya iibhodi zeminwe ezinqunqelweyo kunye neendlela zokwakha eziphakamileyo, kunye neepateni eziphuculweyo zokuqinisa ezivumela umthamo womoya ngakumbi ngaphakathi komzimba wegitare ukuze kuvelise iithowuni ezicacileyo ezinokukhuphisana nezixhobo ezineentambo ezinjengevayolin okanye iiseli ngelo xesha.
Umsebenzi kaGibson uyiguqule indlela ekwenziwa ngayo iziginkci ze-acoustic namhlanje, nto leyo ekhokelele kuzo zonke iziginkci zale mihla ezinobuchule bokwakha obufanayo okanye uyilo lwecontour ukusukela xa wayeqala ukuba nguvulindlela kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. Impembelelo yakhe isengaviwa nanamhlanje kunye namagcisa abalaseleyo afana noBob Dylan edlala kwenye yeeGibsons zakhe zakuqala ukusuka ngo-1958 - imodeli ye-J-45 Sunburst - awayithenga ngeedola ezingama-200 kwivenkile yerekhodi yaseGerde's Folk City ekwiSixeko saseNew York ngo-1961.
Impembelelo kwishishini likaGuta
Ilifa lika-Orville liyabonakala kwishishini lale mihla lesiginci. Uyilo lwakhe olutsha, olubandakanya i-archtop kunye neziginkci ezikroliweyo, zisete umgangatho omtsha wokudlala isiginci kwaye zincede ngokwenene ukuchaza isiginkci sombane sale mihla. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhe ngobuvulindlela iitoni zemithi, njengeMaple yeentamo, kwanceda ukuphembelela bonke abenzi besiginci abamlandelayo.
Uyilo luka-Orville Gibson alubumbanga kuphela indlela iikatala zanamhlanje ezijonga ngayo i-aesthetics kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zitshintshe umdlalo jikelele. Uncedise ekwenzeni uyilo lwanamhlanje “lwaseMelika” ngokudibanisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ukusuka Iziginci zaseSpain ngobuhle bakhe be-arched ephezulu. Uphinde waguqula itekhnoloji edibeneyo yentamo ngokunceda iinjineli ukuba zisebenzise umatshini ochanekileyo kumalungu antsonkothileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isenzo esilula kunye nokusebenza okungcono ngokubanzi.
Impembelelo u-Orville Gibson abenayo kushishino ivakala nanamhlanje ngokusebenzisa abavelisi abakhulu abanje ngeGibson Guitars kunye nabavelisi bevenkile ethengisa izinto ezininzi abagxile ekuveliseni izixhobo ezenziwe ngesandla kunye noyilo lwakhe lokutyikitya engqondweni. Iimvumi ezingenakubalwa ziye zathatha iziginkci zikaOrville ukuze zenze isandi sazo esingaqhelekanga; Akumangalisi ukuba kutheni ehlala eyinkuthazo kwabo banomdla wokuba ziimvumi eziphumeleleyo okanye abaziva benxibelelene nesithethe sakudala sokwenza iziginkci ngokuthembeka kunye nomlinganiswa.
isiphelo
U-Orville Gibson wayengumntu onempembelelo kakhulu kwihlabathi lomculo. Umdla wakhe kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe ekwenzeni isiginkci kwavula ixesha elitsha ngokupheleleyo lokwenza izixhobo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekudalweni kwesiginkci sombane sale mihla. Nangona igalelo lakhe lisenokuba alizange libonakale ngokukhawuleza, waba nendima enkulu ekumiseleni iqonga leemvumi ezidumileyo namhlanje, njengoLes Paul nabanye. Impembelelo ka-Orville Gibson iphinda ingafi ngoyilo lwakhe lokuqala olunokubonwa kwizixhobo ezenziwe ngabavelisi abaninzi abadumileyo namhlanje. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba abantu bamjonga njani okanye ilifa lakhe, u-Orville Gibson uya kuhlala ekhunjulwa njengomnye wabaqambi abakhulu bomculo kwimbali.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
