ILuthiers ngamachule amagcisa asebenza ngamaplanga ukwenza izixhobo ezineentambo njenge Iigita, iivayoli, kunye neeseli. Basebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokubumba umthi kunye nokudibanisa isixhobo. Umsebenzi we-luthier awukona nje ukwenza izixhobo, kodwa kunye lungisa kwaye wenze ngokwezifiso ezikhoyo.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga into eyenziwa yi-luthier kunye neyohlukileyo iintlobo zezixhobo basebenza kwi:
Ingcaciso yeLuthier
A luthier ligcisa okanye igcisa elakha lize lilungise izixhobo zomculo ezineentambo, ngokuyintloko ezo zentsapho yevayolin. Igama elithi "luthier" laqala ukusetyenziswa eFransi ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, kodwa urhwebo lukho ukusukela oko. Ukuvuselelwa.
Kwakungelo xesha apho iingcibi zaqala ukudala izixhobo ezenziwe ngokwesiqhelo kwizixhobo eziveliswe ngobuninzi zomgangatho ophantsi.
Ubuchwephesha belutherie bubandakanya ukuhlukaniswa kwesixhobo, ukuvavanya amacandelo aso kunye nemeko yawo, ukuyakha ngezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, ukongeza ivanishi kunye nokuyilungisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza. Ifuna ulwazi loku:
- indlela yokwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo kunye nobukhulu
- indlela yokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi
- indlela yokutywina ngokufanelekileyo ukukhusela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nezinto zendalo
- indlela yokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentambo kwisixhobo
Ukongeza, iiluthiers nazo kufuneka zikwazi lungisa ezi zixhobo ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zidlalwe ngowona mgangatho wazo ubalaseleyo wesandi.
Yintoni eyenziwa yiLuthiers?
A luthier yingcibi eyakha kwaye ilungise izixhobo zomtya ezifana neziginci, iivayolini kunye neeseli. Ukongeza ekubeni ngamagcisa, kufuneka baqonde i-physics kunye noomatshini bezi zixhobo ukuze benze uhlengahlengiso kunye nokulungiswa.
Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwinto eyenziwa yiluthiers kwaye kutheni injalo umsebenzi obalulekileyo:
Ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa
ILuthiers ukulungisa nokugcina izixhobo ezineentambo ezifana neevayolin, iigitare kunye neebhanjo. Baqinisekisa ukuba ezi zixhobo ziyadlaleka kwaye zingaphakathi imeko elungileyo xa zithengiswa kubathengi bazo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukutshintsha iingcingo okanye ukulungisa isixhobo, kwakunye nokulungisa naziphi na iindawo ezonakeleyo okanye ezigugileyo zesixhobo.
Ukuze zenze lo msebenzi ngokuchanekileyo, iiluthiers kufuneka zibe nomgangatho ophezulu wobuchule nobuchule bokusebenza ngamaplanga nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwizinto ezineentambo. Kufuneka kwakhona babe nolwazi malunga nokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zeentambo kufuneka zimiswe njani.
Ezinye iiluthiers zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekulungiseni izixhobo zakudala njengeevayoli ezivela kwiinkosi zase-Italiya kwiinkulungwane zakudala. Ezi luthiers zihlala zisebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye neendawo zokugcina umculo ukuchonga iziqwenga zakudala zokubuyiselwa. Uninzi lwezi zixhobo zithengiswa ngamawaka eedola kwiifandesi kwihlabathi jikelele xa sele zibuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo yiluthier enobuchule.
Ukongeza kulungiso kunye nokugcinwa kwevayolin, ezinye iiluthiers zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezinje:
- Izifundo zesiginci
- Ukurenta izixhobo
- Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo okanye uhlengahlengiso lwezixhobo ezikhoyo
- Umsebenzi woyilo ngokwesiko kwabo bafuna into eyahlukileyo kumenzi wesixhobo sabo.
Ukwakha kunye nokuLungisa izixhobo
ILuthiers ngamachule asebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekwakheni nasekwakheni izixhobo ezineentambo, ngokuqhelekileyo iziginkci, iivayolin, neebhanjo. Lo msebenzi ufuna ubuchule kunye nobuchule obukhulu ekusebenzeni ngamaplanga kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha isixhobo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuyila kunye nokwenza kungekuphela nje umzimba wesixhobo kodwa kunye nentamo yayo kunye nezixhobo zentloko. I-Luthiers kufuneka kwakhona ibe nolwazi lwezixhobo zokusebenza ngamaplanga ezifana iisarha zamandla, iiplani, iirotha, iidrill presses, glues, clamps, etc., ngokunjalo izixhobo ezincinci ezifana iifayile kunye neetshizili.
Inkqubo yokuyila ikwabandakanya izixhobo zokulungisa ngokwenjongo yazo efunekayo okanye uphawu lwesandi ngo ukulungisa okanye ukutshintsha iifrits okanye iibhulorho; ukulungiswa kweeplanga; okanye ukwenza uguqulo lomatshini olufana nokongeza ii-picups okanye izilawuli zethoni ukuphucula umgangatho wesandi. I-luthier isenokwenza ingcali ekwenzeni iikopi zezixhobo zakudala ukuze ikwazi ukuphinda-phinda ezo zandi. Ukongeza kule misebenzi, iiluthiers zihlala zenza ulondolozo lwezixhobo ngokwenza ulungiso olusisiseko njenge ukucoca fretboards okanye ukutshintsha imitya ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukumisela izixhobo
A luthier ligcisa elisebenza ngezixhobo ezineentambo ezifana neziginkci, iivayolin, iisellos, iidulcimers, iimandolin nezinye izixhobo zomculo kusapho olunye. Uninzi lwezi zixhobo ze-acoustic ezihlanganiswe kwiindawo kunye nezinto ezifana nemithi kunye nentsimbi. Isixhobo sombane kufuneka sibe noluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezakhono ukuze kugcinwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kulungiswe ezi zixhobo.
Omnye wemisebenzi yeluthier kukuseta okanye ukwakha isixhobo ukusuka ekuqaleni. Oku kubandakanya ukudibanisa onke amacandelo ayimfuneko afana neebhulorho, izikhonkwane zokulungisa, iintambo kunye neepiki ukukhankanya ezimbalwa. I-Luthiers iya kukwazi ukuthetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqitywa ezifana ivanishi okanye i-nitrocellulose lacquer ezinceda ukuvelisa isandi esikumgangatho ophezulu. Banolwazi malunga neendlela zokuchwela ezifana nokudibanisa kunye nokuhamba ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumenzi.
Isixhobo sombane kufuneka sijonge kwaye silungelelanise isixhobo imvakalozwi -ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amanqaku kwiintambo ezahlukeneyo zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwe-pitch kunye ne-harmonic response - ukwenzela ukuba ivelise isandi esimnandi xa idlalwa. Uhlengahlengiso lwentanyelo lelinye icebiso elibalulekileyo elinokubandakanya ukulungiswa koncedo okanye uhlengahlengiso lwentonga yetruss ukwenzela ukuchaneka okungcono kokudlala okunceda ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho ocacileyo welizwi kuyo nayiphi na inqaku kuyo nayiphi na intambo nangaliphi na ixesha ngobude bayo xa idlalwa ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lokukhetha umkhethi wokutshintsha useto. (yeegitala zombane).
Ekugqibeleni, injongo yexesha elide kukuba izixhobo zesixhobo ngasinye zisebenze ngokuhambelanayo ukuze zonke iintlobo zeemvumi ukusuka kumanqanaba angafundanga ukuya kwiimvumi eziziingcali zikonwabele. amava amnandi okuphulaphula ukusuka kuyo!
Iintlobo zeZixhobo
ILuthiers zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekwakhiweni nasekulungiseni izixhobo zomculo ezineentambo ezifana neziginkci, iivayolin, neeseli. Ngaphakathi kwintsimi yezixhobo ezineentambo, kukho iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezitayela. Imizekelo yeentlobo zezixhobo zibandakanya ii-acoustic, classical, kunye neziginci zombane. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu zalo ezikhethekileyo kunye neempawu zetoni, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yintoni uhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo olunokwenza.
Kweli nqaku, siza kugubungela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo iluthiers ekhethekileyo kuzo:
Izixhobo Ezineentambo
I-Luthiers igxile kwintsapho yesixhobo esineentambo - ubuchule babo bugubungela yonke into ukusuka ekwenzeni, ukulungiswa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezixhobo ukuya kwizinto ezinzima zokuvelisa isandi. Nokuba ufumana i-sitar elungiswayo okanye i-ukulele entsha eyakhiwe, i-luthier yakho iyazazi izinto zabo. Nalu uluhlu olusisiseko lwezixhobo ezineentambo abanokuba noxanduva kuzo:
- Guitars -Ukulungisa isiginci, ukuseta kunye nokwakha kusembindini womsebenzi omninzi. Ukusuka ekulungisweni okuncinci ukuya kwizixhobo zokwakha zesiko ukusuka ekuqaleni, ziyakwazi ukujongana nazo zonke. Iigitare ziza ngeemilo ezininzi, ubungakanani kunye noyilo kodwa ngokusisiseko kukho iindidi ezine eziphambili omele uzazi ngazo: ii-acoustic, classical okanye Spanish style guitar; iziginci zombane; ii-archtop guitars; kunye neeresonator guitar.
- Iibhasile -Njengangokulungisa isiginci kunye nokuseta, iluthier yakho ikwaphatha ukuseta i-bass. Kubalulekile ukugcina imitya ye-bass ivakala kakuhle! Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeebhasi - iibhasi zombane kunye neebhasi eziphindwe kabini - ke qiniseka ukuba uzisa isixhobo sakho kunye nespecs zaso ezichanekileyo xa usifumana inkonzo yeluthier.
- Iibhanjo -IiBanjos ziza kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neebhanjo ezivulekileyo ezisemva, iibanjo ezineentambo ezintlanu, iiplectrum banjos kunye neetenor banjo zonke ezilungele izimbo zomculo wesintu ezifana nomculo webluegrass okanye iingoma zakudala zeAppalachian fiddle. Ukuba olu hlobo lwesixhobo lufuna ukulungiswa okanye ufuna ukufumana i-custom-eyakhelwe ukwenza ngoko uqiniseke ukuba i-luthier yakho inamava ngokusingatha olu hlobo lomsebenzi kuba kukho ngaphezu kweentambo ezibandakanyekayo!
- IiMandolins – Iimandolin ziza ngezimbo ezibini eziphambili – isimbo sika-F (esikhangeleka ngathi ngu-'F' xa sijongwe phezulu) okanye umngxuma ongqukuva ( onemingxuma engqukuva esibhozo). Zombini zinemizimba engu-x eziboleka ukuba zidlalwe ngobuchule bokuchola obufana nezo zisetyenziswa kwiziginci kodwa iimandolins zifuna imitya yegeyiji ecekethekileyo ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nobude bawo obufutshane, nto leyo enokuthi iphathwe ngumntu onamava kuphela! Kwaye ukuba ufuna iindawo ze-mandolin zitshintshwe njengezikhonkwane ze-headstock okanye ibhulorho uze ungajongi ngaphaya kwe-luthier yendawo yakho kuzo naziphi na iimfuno zenkonzo.
Izixhobo zomoya
Izixhobo zomoya liqela lezixhobo ezifuna umdlali ukuba vuthela kuzo ukuze wenze isandi. Ngoxa ezinye izixhobo zomoya zinamandla okwandiswa, azifuni mbane okanye izixhobo ze-elektroniki ukuze zivelise isandi. Izixhobo zomoya zikholisa ukuba neetyhubhu ezinobude obahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu kwaye zinemilomo apho umoya kufuneka ulawulwe ngumdlali ukuze kuveliswe isandi. Uninzi lwezi zixhobo ziyasetyenziswa ubhedu, imimoya yeenkuni, kunye neengcongolo/iimbumba.
Izixhobo zomoya eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Usapho lweBrass (ixilongo, itrombone, tuba);
- Usapho lakwa Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe); kwaye
- Usapho lweReed (saxophone).
Izixhobo zobhedu zenza isandi esikhulu esikhalayo ngelixa umoya wokhuni uthambile ngevolumu kunye nesandi "somthi" esifana nezixhobo ezineentambo. Amalungu entsapho Reed sebenzisa nokuba enye okanye iingcongolo kabini ukuba ngcangcazela xa kuvuthelwa umoya ngazo ukwenza iithowuni ezizodwa ezinxulumene nomculo wejazz.
The ngakumbi ligcisa elinamava okanye igcisa eligxile ekwakheni okanye ekulungiseni iindawo zesixhobo somoya njengeentsimbi, izitshixo/iivalufa, kunye nezinto zomlomo ukuze zidlaleke kakuhle kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweacoustic ngokwelizwi. I-Luthiers isenokuxhotyiswa ngezakhono eziyimfuneko zokulungisa izibonda ezikhoyo okanye iintanda kwiipani zomzimba zesixhobo somoya ngokunjalo nokuyila iikesi zokufakela kunye nezitendi. Njengoko kukho amacandelo amancinci amaninzi abandakanyekayo ekwakhiweni kweqhekeza ngalinye kufuneka bathathe inkathalo enkulu kunye nokuzinikela xa besakha isixhobo ngasinye esibangela ukuba lo msebenzi ufune umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wesakhono esithatha iminyaka ukufumana!
Izixhobo zomculo
Izixhobo ze-Percussion zisetyenziselwa ukudala uluhlu olubanzi lwezandi zomculo ngendlela ukubetha, ukungcangcazela okanye ukukrwela. Banokuba nokuba ngaba ilungisiwe okanye ayilungiswanga kunye noluhlu lwazo lweetoni ziveliswa ngeendlela ezintathu; ukungcangcazela, ukudibana kunye nokukhuhlana. Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumqolo wokudityaniswa komculo, izixhobo zokubethwa zibonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sesingqisho seengoma kunye neengoma eziphuhlayo.
Izixhobo ze-percussive ezithonisiweyo ziquka amagubu afana i-timpani, ii-conga, iigubu ezahlukeneyo njengokumatsha amagubu omgibe, ii-bongos kunye ne-tom-toms ezinobungakanani besandla. Ezi zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kuquka intsimbi, umthi, iplastiki eqinile okanye i-ceramic. Ubukhulu becala ifuna ukushukunyiswa okuthile yiluthier phambi kokusetyenziswa ukuze ivakale ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo yomculo eza kusetyenziswa kuyo. iibhloko zokhuni, iintambula kunye namakhonkco eratchet: ezi zivelisa inowuthi yazo emiselweyo ngokusekelwe kubude okanye ubungakanani bemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo kunokuba ilungelelaniswe yiluthier.
Ubuninzi bokukhutshwa kwesandi buxhomekeke kwi ubunzima bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kulwakhiwo (iqokobhe) kunye nokuxinezeleka kwayo (intloko). Uxinzelelo lwentloko luhlengahlengiswa ngesitshixo segubu ngelixa amaqokobhe aqhele ukwakhiwa ngamaplanga afanayo. imephu okanye i-birch ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha ezinqwenelekayo ezifana nomthamo kunye ne-timbre efunekayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iidramu zinezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokuxhoma ezidityanisiweyo kuyilo lwazo ezivumela iithowuni ezongezelelweyo ukuba ziveliswe xa zibethelwa kwiindawo ezongezelelweyo - ngakumbi. umoya okanye iintsimbi zenkomo inyuselwe phezu Iigubhu zeSurdo Ifunyenwe phakathi kweentlobo zomculo ezinefuthe kwisiLatini.
Ngokusebenza ngokusondeleyo neeluthier ezinamava uluhlu lweethowuni ze-percussive zinokuyilwa ngokusesikweni ngayo nayiphi na injongo ngaloo ndlela ziphucula intsebenzo yazo zombini iimvumi ezisakhulayo ezijonge ukwenza umboniso eqongeni okanye iingcali zokurekhoda ezifuna izandi ezithile ngenxa yemizamo yemveliso apho ziququzelela imveliso engcono ukusuka kuqheliselo ukuya phambili ngokufaka isicelo ngenkuthalo. uphuculo olusuka kumanqanaba aphezulu okuchaneka ekugqibeleni lubonelelwe ngeenkonzo ezinamava zeluthiary ezikhoyo kwihlabathi jikelele namhlanje!
Izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo
ILuthiers, okanye abenzi begitala, benze izixhobo ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukulungisa nokuhlaziya izixhobo ezikhoyo, kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso kwizixhobo ezikhoyo. Ukwenza umsebenzi wabo, iiluthiers zisebenzisa iindidi ngeendidi izixhobo kunye nezixhobo.
Common izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ziiluthiers ziisarha, iifayile, iidrili kunye nezikrudrayiva, kunye neesanders. Ezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ziiluthiers ziquka iinkuni, izikrufu kunye neebholithi, iglu yokuncamathelisa, kunye ne-assortment yezinto zokuhombisa ezifana unina weperile okanye i-abalone.
Masiphonononge ezi mathiriyeli kunye nezixhobo nzulu ngakumbi:
Izixhobo zokusebenza
ILuthiers kufuneka abe nolwazi olusondeleyo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi ukwenzela ukudala izixhobo ezinomgangatho ofunekayo wesandi kunye nokubonakala. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesixhobo osenzayo, ukhetho lweenkuni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, njengoko inokuchaphazela imiba eyahlukeneyo efana noxinaniso kunye nobunzima.
Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza ngamaplanga akhoyo, i-luthiers kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ezibandakanya iisarha, iifayile, izando, iitshizili, iidrili kunye neerotha. Ezi zixhobo zibavumela ukuba bachebe izinto ezingaphezulu, bamise iziqwenga zibe yimilo efunwayo kwaye badibanise iindawo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukongezelela, ezininzi iiluthiers zisebenzisa iinqwelomoya zezandla kunye neeleyile ukucokisa ukuthungwa komphezulu kunye nokuvelisa iindawo ezinceda abadali bazise izimvo zabo ebomini.
Okokugqibela, kukho ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni kubandakanya:
- iglu ukudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neebhodi zomthi okanye ufele lwesilwanyana.
- ivanishi iindawo zokutywina.
- Izikhonkwane okanye izithuba yokudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo.
- Iintambo okanye iingcingo kwimveliso yesandi sokungcangcazela.
- Khetha abalindi ezikhusela umphezulu wokugqiba ukunxiba.
- Iioli ezahlukeneyo isetyenziswe kumphezulu weplanga ukomeleza iipateni zeenkozo okanye iimpawu zethoni.
- Iifayile enikezela ngamanqaku okukhutshwa koxinzelelo xa ucofa imitya ngokuchasene nawo ngelixa ugcina izithuba ezinqwenelekayo phakathi kwamanqaku.
Onke la macandelo kunye nezixhobo zenza iresiphi ekhethekileyo eyenza ukuba iiluthier zithumele izinto ezigqityiweyo emhlabeni!
Izixhobo zokuSebenza ngesinyithi
ILuthiers sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukubumba isinyithi ukwenza kunye nokulungisa izixhobo zeentambo. Izixhobo zokusebenza ngesinyithi ziquka iindidi ngeendidi zeesarha ezisika isinyithi, kuquka iisarha kunye neesarha zokukrola; i-drill press for drilling imingxuma kubunzulu obuthile ngokuchaneka; iigrinder, ezisetyenziselwa ukucola isinyithi ukwenza isixhobo; kwaye Iintsimbi zeMIG enokusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iindawo zentsimbi kunye. Ukongeza, oomatshini abanje ngeeshears, oomatshini bokushicilela bebrake kunye noomatshini bokushicilela benza ukuba iiluthiers zikwazi goba, sika kwaye wenze izixhobo zentsimbi.
Iisanti zamandla, amavili okupholisha kunye needremel zonke zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo xa kuyilwa uyilo olufakwe ngaphakathi kwi-frets okanye kwipleyiti yangasemva yesixhobo. Ezinye izixhobo ezibalulekileyo ziquka:
- Iibhokisi zezixhobo ukugcina iimpahla ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula.
- Abaxhasi ukulinganisa iindawo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Iiflethi ukukhusela impahla ngexesha leeseshoni zomsebenzi.
- Iimpawu ngokusebenza kulungiso lwesixhobo ngezandla ezibini.
- Izibane ezikhulisayo ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ze-workpiece.
Izixhobo ezizodwa
Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zihlala zifuneka xa kusenziwa kwaye kuqulunqwe iigitare zesiko. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa yi-luthiers zinoyilo olulodwa ezenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa xa ujongana neendawo ezincinci zegitare okanye i-bass.
- Iinqwelomoya zokukhomba - Ezi nqwelomoya ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa uhlengahlengiso lwentonga ye-truss, kunye nokususa imicu yeenkuni kwindawo esinqeni yeegitare ze-acoustic kunye neziginci zombane ezingenanto.
- Iifayile zokuhombisa -ezi fayile ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukubumba kunye nokukrola iisali zegitare ezivakalayo. Ziza kuluhlu lweesayizi, ukusuka kwi-double-gouge encinci ukuya kwi-triple-gouge enkulu, enika i-luthiers ukuguquguquka xa isebenza ngezixhobo ezithile.
- Rasps - Ezi fayile zokusika isinyithi zivumela ukuba i-luthiers imise ngokukhawuleza iinkuni, iindawo ezidibeneyo kunye neeplastic fretboards ngokuchanekileyo.
- Izixhobo zeDremel -Izixhobo ezijikelezayo ezifana neDremel zixabiseke kakhulu kuba zingena kakuhle kwiindawo ezixineneyo, zenza kube lula ukwenza iimilo ezikhethekileyo ngelixa unciphisa ixesha elongezelelweyo lesanti.
- Abasiki bentsimbi yeStrummingi -Isetyenziselwa ukusika i-slots kwiintonga ze-truss ukwenzela ukuba zilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo entanyeni yegitala.
- Ukuphelisa izikali – Isixhobo esifunekayo sokusika izinto zokubopha emzimbeni okanye entanyeni apho idityaniswe nomngxuma wesandi kwisixhobo somsindo.
LeMfundo kunye noQeqesho
Ukuba luthier Umenzi weempahla ezineentambo akayinto encinane. Kufuneka imfundo eninzi, ulwazi kunye namava ukuze uphumelele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iziseko ze umsebenzi wemithi, umsebenzi wesinyithi kunye nokuqonda oomatshini kunye ne-acoustics yokwakhiwa kwesixhobo.
Kweli candelo, siza kugubungela i imfundo noqeqesho kufuneka ukuba ube ngumfundisi.
Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi
Ukufundisa ngeluthier esekiweyo yindlela entle yokufumana amava afunekayo ukuze ube yiluthier eyimpumelelo nethembekileyo. Iinkqubo zokufundisa ziyahluka ngobude kunye nesimbo kodwa zibandakanya ukunikwa izandla-kwimisebenzi ngumcebisi wakho, uhambo lokujonga umsebenzi wegcisa elinobuchule, kunye nokukhapha umcebisi wakho ukuya kulungisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqeshwa koyilo. Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kunokubonelela ngofikelelo kwizixhobo, imathiriyeli, kunye noqhagamshelwano ekunokuthi ngenye indlela kube nzima okanye kungenzeki ukulufumana.
Ngokusebenza yonke imihla nengcali enamava, unokufunda ubuchule kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko zokubuyisela izixhobo kunye nokwakha ezintsha. Uya kufunda indlela yokukhetha imathiriyeli esemgangathweni kwaye uyilolonge ngobuchule ibe zizixhobo zomculo ezisebenzayo. Uya kufumana nokuqonda okubalulekileyo kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo yokuyila ebandakanyekayo ukuphupha uyilo lokuqala, ukubeka izicwangciso kumanyathelo, ukusombulula iingxaki zobugcisa, ukuqonda iimfuno zabathengi kunye nezinto abazifunayo, ukuhlangabezana nemihla ebekiweyo, phakathi kweminye imida ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi.
Imfundo esesikweni
Ukuba luthier asiyondlela imfutshane. Kufuna umonde, ukuzimisela nokusebenza nzima. Iiluthier ezininzi zizuza izakhono zazo ngokufunda ngokusesikweni kwizikolo zorhwebo, okanye ngokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi nomnye umfundi.
Abantu abafuna ukuba ziiluthiers badla ngokufuna ukuba ziingcali kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho zeminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ubude ezinikezelwa zizikolo zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo zoyilo lwezixhobo zomculo eziphucukileyo ezihlala zibandakanya ubungcali kuyilo lwesiginci sombane, iacoustic kunye nebass kwakunye neemandolin neevayolin. Ezi nkqubo zoqeqesho olukhethekileyo zikwahlala zizisa abafundi kwimbali yezixhobo zomtya, zibafundisa isakhono sobuchule bobugcisa, iindlela zokulungisa kunye i-physics yamaza omsindo.
Ngaphandle kwezakhono zokuqalisa ezifana nokusarha, ukukrola, ukurhweba kunye nokudibanisa iziqwenga kunye neglu okanye izikrufu, abafundi banokufuna ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zabo ezifana ne-screwdrivers, iipliers kunye neesarha. Emva kokuphumelela kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu qala ngokulungisa izixhobo zomculo ezineentambo. Ukuze kwenziwe ulungiso oluntsonkothileyo ngakumbi ezinye iiluthiers kuya kufuneka zisebenzisane namaqela olungiso lweengcali kwiiprojekthi zohlengahlengiso lwezixhobo ezibandakanya ukumila ngokutsha iintamo okanye imizimba yeziginkci kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso lombane kwiigita zombane kunye neefinishi ezikhethekileyo zeegita kunye nezixhobo zewoodwinds.
Ukuhlala unolwazi ngemathiriyeli yokwakha emitsha okanye itekhnoloji amagqala e-luthiers athatha izifundo eziphambili ukulungisa izakhono zabo kwiimfuno zangoku zemarike. Le mfundo eqhubekayo ibanceda baqinisekise ukuchaneka ekulungiseni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uyilo lokuqala lwezixhobo zakudala.
amaNgqina
Kwinkalo ye-luthiery, akukho seti enye esemgangathweni yezatifikethi eziqinisekisa ukufaneleka kulo msebenzi. Uninzi lweeluthier eziphumeleleyo ziye zafunda izakhono zazo ngokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kunye namagcisa anamava okanye ngokuzifundela ngokwazo. Kodwa izatifikethi ziyafumaneka kumaziko emfundo kunye nemibutho ethile, ebonelela ngesakhiwo esisemthethweni ngakumbi sokufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nezakhono.
Iinketho zesatifikethi ziquka:
- Iinkqubo zeSatifikethi kwiLuthiery ezifundiswa kwizikolo ezikhethiweyo zobugcisa nezohwebo. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngentshayelelo enzulu kwiikhonsepthi kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo kwisakhiwo segitare esikumgangatho ophezulu, kugxininise kwiigitare zombane okanye ze-acoustic.
- Isatifikethi soMsebenzi oneLayisenisi, eyanikezelwa yi-American Institute of Guitar Building emva kokuba uphumelele uthotho lweemviwo ezibonisa ubuchule bezakhono ezikhethekileyo, kuquka iindlela zokwakha kunye nobuchule bokulungisa zombini izixhobo ze-acoustic kunye nombane.
- Iziqinisekiso zeLuthier eziqinisekisiweyo ibonelelwa yi-Ceranteed Guild of Guitarsmiths (CGG). Esi siqinisekiso sinikezelwa emva kokugqiba inkqubo enzima eyilelwe ukuvavanya ulwazi lobugcisa kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yokwakha izixhobo ezineentambo ezifana neziginkci.
Kwabanqwenela i-luthiers abangenayo imfundiso esesikweni, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lobuchwephesha ngeesemina, iindibano zocweyo, iinkomfa kunye namanye amathuba okufundisa anokubanceda bahlale benolwazi ngeentsingiselo ezintsha kwinkalo yabo kunye nokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemathiriyeli kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni izixhobo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
