Kwintsimi ye-acoustics, i-diaphragm yi transducer yenzelwe ukuguqula ngokunyanisekileyo intshukumo yomatshini kunye nesandi. Ngokuqhelekileyo yakhiwe nge-membrane encinci okanye iphepha lezinto ezahlukeneyo. Uxinzelelo lomoya olwahlukeneyo lwamaza esandi lunika ukungcangcazela kwidiaphragm enokuthi emva koko ibanjwe njengolunye uhlobo lwamandla (okanye umva).
Ukuqonda iMicrophone Diaphragms: Intliziyo yeTekhnoloji yeMicrophone
A Imakrofoni i-diaphragm lelona candelo liphambili le-microphone eguqula amandla e-acoustic (amaza esandi) abe ngamandla ombane (isiginali yomsindo). Yinto encinci, ethambileyo yemathiriyeli, enesangqa ngokwemilo, eyenziwe ngemylar okanye ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo. I-diaphragm ihamba ngovelwano kunye nokuphazamiseka komoya okubangelwa ngamaza esandi, kwaye le ntshukumo iguqulwa ibe ngumbane onokuthi utyiswe kwizixhobo zokusebenza.
Ukubaluleka koYilo lweDiyaphragm
Uyilo lwe-microphone diaphragm lubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko lunokuchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zesandi somsindo esiveliswayo. Oku kulandelayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uyila imakrofoni diaphragm:
- Ubungakanani: Ubungakanani be-diaphragm bunokuqala ukusuka kumncinci (ngaphantsi kwe-intshi ububanzi) ukuya kubukhulu obukhulu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-microphone kunye noluhlu lwee-frequencies ezifunekayo ukubamba.
- Izinto eziphathekayo: Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-diaphragm zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ze-microphone. Ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-mylar, isinyithi, kunye neribhoni.
- Uhlobo: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-diaphragms, ezibandakanya i-dynamic, i-condenser (i-capacitor), kunye ne-ribbon. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu zalo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
- Ubume: Imilo ye-diaphragm inokuchaphazela indlela engcangcazela ngayo ngovelwano ngokuphazamiseka komoya okubangelwa ngamaza esandi.
- Ubunzima: Ubunzima be-diaphragm sisithako esibalulekileyo ekukwazini ukuhamba ngovelwano ngamaza omsindo. Idiaphragm eshukumayo enobunzima obuphantsi idla ngokukhethwa kwiindidi ezininzi zemakrofoni.
Umahluko kwezobuGcisa phakathi kweentlobo ze-diaphragm
Oku kulandelayo ngomnye umahluko wezobugcisa phakathi kwezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-diaphragms yemakrofoni:
- I-Dynamic: I-microphone eguqukayo isebenzisa i-diaphragm encanyathiselwe kwikhoyili eshukumayo. Xa amaza esandi ebetha i-diaphragm, ibangela ukuba ikhoyili ihambe, nto leyo evelisa umsinga wombane.
- I-Condenser (Capacitor): I-microphone ye-condenser isebenzisa i-diaphragm ebekwe phambi kwepleyiti yensimbi. I-diaphragm kunye nepleyiti yenza i-capacitor, kwaye xa amaza omsindo ebetha i-diaphragm, ibangela ukuba umgama phakathi kwe-diaphragm kunye nepleyiti utshintshe, ovelisa umbane wombane.
- Iribhoni: Imakrofoni yeribhoni isebenzisa idiaphragm eyenziwe ngomcu obhityileyo wentsimbi (iribhoni). Xa amaza esandi ebetha iribhoni, ingcangcazela ngovelwano, nto leyo evelisa umsinga wombane.
Indima yeDiaphragm kwiMicrophone Performance
I-diaphragm yeyona nto iphambili kwi-microphone eguqula amandla e-acoustic abe ngamandla ombane. Ikhono layo lokuguqula ngokufanelekileyo amaza omsindo abe ngumbane ubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwe-microphone. Oku kulandelayo zizinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa uvavanya ukusebenza kwe-microphone diaphragm:
- Uvakalelo: Uvakalelo lwe-microphone lubhekiselele kwinqanaba lemveliso yombane elivelisayo ekuphenduleni kwinqanaba elinikiweyo lesandi. I-diaphragm enovakalelo ngakumbi iya kuvelisa umqondiso onamandla wombane kwinqanaba elinikiweyo lesandi.
- Ukuphendula rhoqo: Ukuphendula rhoqo kwe-microphone kubhekiselele ekukwazini kwayo ukubamba ngokuchanekileyo uluhlu lwee-frequencies. I-diaphragm eyenziwe kakuhle iya kukwazi ukubamba uluhlu olubanzi lwee-frequencies ngaphandle kokuzisa ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo okanye ezinye izinto.
- Ipateni yePolar: Ipatheni yepolar ye-microphone ibhekiselele kwindlela yobuntununtunu bayo. I-diaphragm eyilwe kakuhle iya kukwazi ukubamba ngokufanelekileyo isandi ukusuka kwicala elifunekayo ngelixa unciphisa uvakalelo kwisandi ukusuka kwezinye iindlela.
The Line Bottom
I-microphone diaphragm iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na imakrofoni, kwaye ukuyila kwayo kunye neempawu zokusebenza kunokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wesandi somsindo oveliswayo. Xa uvavanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemakrofoni, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ngokusondeleyo ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwe-diaphragm, kuba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiyunithi yonke ye-microphone.
Ubuchule bokuSebenza kweDiphragm kwiiMicrophone
- I-diaphragms ezinkulu zidla ngokuba nempendulo eyandisiweyo yefrikhwensi kunye nobuntununtunu obungcono obusezantsi, okubenza balungele ukurekhoda umculo kunye namazwi.
- I-diaphragm ezincinci ziphendula ngakumbi kwizandi ze-high-frequency kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukurekhoda izixhobo ze-acoustic kunye ne-microphone eziphezulu kwiikiti zegubhu.
Ihlabathi leMathiriyeli: Impembelelo yeMathiriyeli yeDiyaphragm kuMgangatho oZandiyo
- Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-diaphragm zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wesandi se-microphone.
- I-Aluminiyam diaphragms isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimakrofoni eguqukayo kwaye ivelise isandi esifudumeleyo, sendalo.
- Iimakrofoni zeRibhoni ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa ifoyile ye-aluminiyam ebhityileyo okanye ezinye izinto eziqhubayo ukwenza i-diaphragm ephendula kakuhle kwizandi ze-high-frequency.
- Iimakrofoni zeCondenser zihlala zisebenzisa ifilimu encinci yepolymer okanye i-electret material ukwenza i-diaphragm enovelwano kakhulu kumaza esandi.
Amaphupha oMbane: Indima yoMbane woMbane kwiNtsebenzo yeDiphragm
- Iimakrofoni zeCondenser zifuna intlawulo yombane ukuze isebenze, enikezelwa yi-voltage ye-DC ngekhonkco lemakrofoni.
- Intlawulo yombane kwi-diaphragm ivumela ukuba ishukume ekuphenduleni amaza omsindo angenayo, ukudala umqondiso wombane onokunyuswa kwaye urekhodwe.
- Iimakrofoni ze-Electret condenser zinentlawulo yombane esisigxina eyakhelwe kwi-diaphragm, eyenza kube lula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Ukuyidibanisa yonke into: IiNdlela zokuSebenza kweDiafhragm ziluchaphazela njani ukhetho lwakho lweMic
- Ukuqonda izinto zokusebenza kwe-diaphragm ngundoqo ekukhetheni i-microphone efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
- Iidiaphragm ezinkulu zilungele ukurekhoda umculo kunye namazwi, ngelixa ii-diaphragm ezincinci zingcono kwizixhobo ze-acoustic kunye neekiti zegubhu.
- Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-diaphragm zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wesandi se-microphone, kunye ne-aluminium, i-ribbon, kunye ne-polymer ukhetho oluqhelekileyo.
- Imilo ye-diaphragm inokuphembelela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wesandi se-microphone kunye nokusebenza, kunye nomphezulu osicaba ovelisa isandi sendalo kunye nemigangatho egobileyo eyenza isandi esinemibala.
- Intlawulo yombane kwi-diaphragm ibalulekile kwii-microphone ze-condenser, kunye nee-microphone ze-electret condenser ziyinto ethandwayo yokuzikhethela kunye nokulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Umgaqo-siseko we-Acoustic: Uxinzelelo kuNxibelelwano lweGradient
Xa kuziwa kumakrofoni, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zemigaqo ye-acoustic esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa amaza omsindo: uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo-gradient. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi ngezi ndlela zimbini:
- Imakrofoni yoxinzelelo: Le mibhobho ibona amaza esandi ngokulinganisa utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya olwenzeka xa amaza esandi ebetha idiaphragm yemakrofoni. Olu hlobo lwe-microphone lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-microphone ye-omnidirectional kuba ithatha amaza omsindo kuwo onke amacala ngokulinganayo.
- Imakrofoni yoxinzelelo-gradient: Le mibhobho ibona amaza omsindo ngokulinganisa umahluko kuxinzelelo lomoya phakathi komphambili nasemva kwediaphragm yemakrofoni. Olu hlobo lwe-microphone lukwaziwa njenge-microphone eyalathiso kuba i-ethe-ethe ye-ezandi ezivela kumacala athile kunamanye.
IiMikrofoni zoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lweGradient zisebenza njani
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo kunye ne-microphone-gradient microphone, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwe-microphone lusebenza njani:
- Imakrofoni yoxinzelelo: Xa amaza esandi efika kwi-diaphragm ye-microphone, abangela ukuba i-diaphragm ingcangcazele emva naphambili. Le ntshukumo ivelisa utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya olubonwa yi-transducer ye-microphone. Isiphumo sophawu lomsindo luphawu oluthe ngqo lwamaza omsindo abethe i-microphone diaphragm.
- Imakrofoni yoxinzelelo-gradient: Xa amaza omsindo efikelela kwi-microphone diaphragm, abangela ukuba i-diaphragm ingcangcazele ngasemva naphambili ngendlela elinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umva we-diaphragm ubonakaliswe kwindawo eyahlukileyo ye-acoustic kunangaphambili, i-amplitude kunye nesigaba samaza esifikelela ngasemva kwe-diaphragm siya kwahluka ngaphambili. Oku kubangela umahluko kwindlela i-diaphragm esabela ngayo kumaza esandi, ebonwa yi-transducer ye-microphone. Isiphumo sophawu lomsindo luxube oluntsonkothileyo lwamaza omsindo othe ngqo kunye nesigaba esikhaphayo kunye nokwahlukana kwe-amplitude.
Ukuqonda iipateni zePolar
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi koxinzelelo kunye ne-microphone-gradient microphone yindlela ababona ngayo amaza esandi, echaphazela ubuntununtunu be-microphone kunye neempawu zesalathiso. Ipateni yepolar ye-microphone ichaza indlela esabela ngayo kwizandi ezivela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Nazi iipateni ezintathu zepolar ezidumileyo:
- I-Cardioid: Le pateni inomdla kakhulu kwizandi ezivela ngaphambili kwi-microphone kwaye ingaphantsi kwezandi ezivela emacaleni nasemva.
- I-Bidirectional: Le pateni inobuntununtunu ngokulinganayo kwizandi eziphuma ngaphambili nangasemva kwe-microphone kodwa ingabinamvakalelo kangako kwizandi ezivela emacaleni.
- I-Omnidirectional: Le pateni inovakalelo ngokulinganayo kwizandi ezivela macala onke.
Idilesi ephezulu xa kuthelekiswa neMibhobho yeMibhobho yeDiyaphragm yedilesi
Ii-microphone zedilesi ephezulu ziyilwe nge-diaphragm ebekwe ngokwe-perpendicular kumzimba we-mic. Olu luyilo lwenza kube lula ukubeka imakrofoni kwaye luluncedo ngakumbi kwipodcasting kunye noshicilelo oluphathwa ngesandla. Inzuzo ephambili yee-microphone zedilesi ephezulu kukuba zivumela umsebenzisi ukuba abone i-diaphragm, okwenza kube lula ukubeka i-mic kwaye uyijolise kwicala elifanelekileyo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye neeModeli zedilesi ephezulu kunye neMikrofoni yeedilesi ezisecaleni
Kukho inani elikhulu leebhrendi zemakrofoni kunye neemodeli kwimarike, nganye inoyilo olwahlukileyo kunye neempawu. Ezinye zeempawu ezidumileyo kunye neemodeli zee-microphone zedilesi ephezulu ziquka i-Rode NT1-A, i-AKG C414, kunye ne-Shure SM7B. Ezinye zeempawu ezidumileyo kunye neemodeli zee-microphone zedilesi yecala ziquka i-Neumann U87, i-Sennheiser MKH 416, kunye ne-Shure SM57.
Eyona Microphone yeeMfuno zakho
Ekugqibeleni, eyona mibhobho ye-microphone kwiimfuno zakho iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa indawo yakho yokurekhoda, uhlobo lomsindo orekhodayo, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando lwakho kwaye ujonge uphononongo kunye neesampulu zesandi phambi kokuba uthenge. Amanye amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwaqwalasele xa ukhetha imakrofoni aquka:
- Uvakalelo lwe-diaphragm
- Ipateni yepolar yemakrofoni
- Uyilo lomzimba kunye nobukhulu bemakrofoni
- Indawo yexabiso kunye nexabiso elipheleleyo lemali
I-Moving-Coil Diaphragm: I-Element ye-Microphone eDynamic
Umgaqo-siseko emva kwe-diaphragm ehambayo-coil isekelwe kwimpembelelo esondeleyo, apho i-diaphragm isondele kumthombo wesandi, iphezulu uvakalelo lwe-microphone. I-diaphragm ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngeplastiki okanye i-aluminium kwaye ifakwe kwi-capsule eqhotyoshelwe kumzimba we-microphone. Xa amaza esandi ebetha idiaphragm, iyangcangcazela, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhoyili encanyathiselweyo ihambe kummandla wemagnethi, yenze umsinga wombane othunyelwa ngeentambo zemakrofoni.
Zithini iinzuzo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga?
eziluncedo:
- Iidiaphragm ezishukumayo azinavakalelo kangako kunecondenser diaphragm, nto leyo ezenza zingabi lula ukufumana ingxolo engasemva engayifuniyo.
- Zomelele ngokugqithisileyo kwaye zinokumelana namanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo amaxabiso aphantsi kune-condenser mics, ezenza ukuba zibe lukhetho oluhle kwabo bakuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ilishwa:
- Iidiaphragm ezishukumayo azinabuntununtunu njenge-condenser diaphragms, okuthetha ukuba azinakuthatha iinkcukacha ezininzi kwisandi.
- Bafuna umqondiso owomeleleyo ukuze basebenze, nto leyo enokuba yingxaki ukuba urekhoda into enevolumu ephantsi ngokwendalo.
- Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ribbon diaphragms, ayinakuba nendalo yesandi.
Ithelekiswa Njani Nezinye Iidiaphragm?
- Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ribbon diaphragms, i-diaphragm ye-coil ehambayo ihlala yomelele kwaye inokuphatha amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
- Xa kuthelekiswa ne-condenser diaphragms, ii-diaphragms ezihamba-coil azikhathali kwaye zifuna uphawu olunamandla ukuze zisebenze, kodwa zikwanqabile ukuchola ingxolo engasemva engafunwayo.
Zeziphi iiBrand eziSebenzisa ii-diaphragm zeCoil ezihambayo?
- I-Shure SM57 kunye ne-SM58 zimbini zeemakrofoni eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa i-diaphragm ye-coil ehambayo.
- I-Electro-Voice RE20 yenye imakrofoni eguqukayo edumileyo esebenzisa idiaphragm ehambayo.
Lilonke, ngaba i-Moving-Coil Diaphragm luKhetho oluLungileyo?
Ukuba ufuna i-microphone ehlala ixesha elide, enokusingatha amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwesandi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kwaye ayifuni ukuthabatha ingxolo engasemva engasemva, ngoko i-diaphragm ehambayo inokuba lukhetho oluhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna imakrofoni enovakalelo ngakumbi kwaye inokuthatha iinkcukacha ezithe kratya kwisandi, ke i-condenser diaphragm inokuba lolona khetho lungcono. Konke kuxhomekeke kwinto oyifunayo imakrofoni kunye nokuba yintoni ibhajethi yakho.
IRibhoni Diaphragm: Into ebuthathaka edala isandi esigqwesileyo
Ezinye zezibonelelo zokusebenzisa imakrofoni yeribhoni yediaphragm ziquka:
- Umgangatho wesandi ogqwesileyo: Ukukwazi kweribhoni yediaphragm yokuthatha isandi sendalo, esingenambala sikwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo lwezixhobo zokurekhoda kunye namazwi kwi studio.
- Uluhlu olubanzi lwamaza: Iribhoni mics iqhele ukuba noluhlu olubanzi lwefrikhwensi kunezinye iindidi zemakrofoni, ezivumela ukuba zibambe uluhlu olubanzi lwezandi.
- Ubukhulu obuncinci: I-Ribbon mics zincinci kune-condenser yendabuko kunye ne-mics eguquguqukayo, ezenza zibe lukhetho oluhle lokurekhoda kwiindawo ezixineneyo.
- Isandi sakudala: I-Ribbon mics inegama lokuvelisa isandi esifudumeleyo, sakudala esithandwa ngabantu abaninzi.
- Isandi esizimeleyo: I-Ribbon mics yenzelwe ukuchola isandi ukusuka kumacala, kunokuba ngaphambili nangasemva, evumela ukubanjwa kwesandi esikwanti.
- Uyilo lwe-Passive: Ngenxa yokuba i-ribbon mics ingenzi nto, ayifuni amandla e-phantom okanye eminye imithombo yamandla yangaphandle ukuze isebenze.
Zeziphi ezona ntlobo ziPhambili zeRibbon Diaphragm Microphone?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeribhoni ze-diaphragm microphone:
- Iribhoni ye-Passive mic: Ezi mics azifuni mandla angaphandle ukuze zisebenze kwaye ziqhelekile kwaye zibuthathaka kwaye zinovakalelo kunemics yeribhoni esebenzayo.
- Iimics zeribhoni ezisebenzayo: Ezi mics zineejikelezo ze-preamp ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezandisa umqondiso osuka kwiribhoni, ezikhokelela kwinqanaba elinamandla lemveliso. Iribhoni esebenzayo yeribhoni idla ngokufuna amandla e-phantom ukuze asebenze.
ICondenser (Capacitor) Diaphragm kwiiMicrophone
I-condenser diaphragm inovakalelo olugqithisileyo kwaye inokucholachola nesona sandi sincinci. Olu buntununtunu lubangelwa kukuba i-diaphragm ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngezinto ezincinci kakhulu, ezivumela ukuba zingcangcazele ngokulula. Ukongeza, imakrofoni ye-condenser ifuna umthombo wamandla, obonelelwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngomthombo wamandla we-phantom, ovumela ukuba yenze uphawu olunamandla lombane.
Kutheni ithathwa njengeCapacitor?
I-condenser diaphragm ithathwa njenge-capacitor kuba isebenzisa imigaqo ye-capacitance ukudala umqondiso wombane. I-Capacitance yikhono lenkqubo yokugcina intlawulo yombane, kwaye kwimeko ye-condenser diaphragm, utshintsho lomgama phakathi kweeplati zetsimbi ezimbini lwenza utshintsho kwi-capacitance, ethi ke iguqulwe ibe ngumqondiso wombane.
Iyintoni intsingiselo ye-DC kunye ne-AC ngokunxulumene ne-Condenser Diaphragm?
I-DC imele umsinga othe ngqo, oluhlobo lombane oqukuqela kwicala elinye. I-AC imele i-alternating current, luhlobo lombane otshintshayo ngamaxesha athile. Kwimeko ye-condenser diaphragm, umthombo wamandla onika i-voltage kwinkqubo ingaba yi-DC okanye i-AC, kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwe-microphone.
Yintoni indima yeCondenser Diaphragm ekurekhodeni?
I-condenser diaphragm idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekurekhodeni ngokuguqula amaza omsindo abe ngumqondiso wombane onokugcinwa kwaye usetyenziswe. Uvakalelo lwayo kunye nokukwazi ukubamba uluhlu olubanzi lweefrikhwensi kuyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokurekhoda amazwi kunye nezixhobo ze-acoustic, kunye nokubamba izandi ezijikelezayo kwigumbi okanye kwindawo. Isandi sayo esingaguqukiyo kunye nesandi sendalo kwakhona sikwenza kube lukhetho olukhulu lokuthatha eyona nto ilungileyo yokusebenza.
isiphelo
Ke, yiloo nto i-diaphragm kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo kwi-microphone. Lisuntswana elithambileyo lemathiriyeli eliguqula amandla eacoustic abe ngamandla ombane. Yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-microphone, ke kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba isebenza njani. Ke, ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo ukuba awuqinisekanga kwaye usoloko ukhumbula ukuyigcina ihamba! Enkosi ngokufunda kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde into entsha!
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
