Transducers midziyo yemagetsi inoshandiswa kushandura simba kubva kune imwe fomu kuenda kune imwe. Izvo zvinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, kubva indasitiri otomatiki kune yekurapa imaging.
Muchikamu chino, tichapa mhedziso yekuti ma transducers chii uye kuti anoshandiswa sei. Tichafukidza zvakasiyana mhando dzematransducer, maitiro avo, uye mashandisirwo aanoitwa:
Tsanangudzo yetransducer
A transducer chinhu chinoshandura simba kubva kune chimwe chimiro kuenda kune chimwe. Mazhinji matransducer anotendeuka acoustic kana mechanical simba (kureva masaisai eruzha kana kudzungudza) kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi kana zvakasiyana, kunyangwe paine zvakare anogona kushandura simba kubva kuchiedza, tembiricha, dzvinyiriro, magineti uye nzvimbo dzinosiyana kuita zvinhu zvinoyerwa zvemagetsi.
Mienzaniso yeanowanzo shandiswa transducer anosanganisira:
- Microphone iyo inoshandura acoustic energy kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi;
- maungira iyo inoshandura zviratidzo zvemagetsi kuita acoustic waves;
- thermistors inoshandura kushanduka kwetembiricha kuita magetsi anoyerwa;
- piezoelectric makristasi iyo inogona kuburitsa zviratidzo zvemagetsi mukupindura kune mechanical deformation;
- strain gauges yekuona misiyano midiki mukutama kwemuviri senge simba kana torque.
MaTransducer anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandisirwo ezuva nezuva akadai nhare, imaging yekurapa uye michina yekuongorora masisitimu uyewo specialized monitoring systems like seismographs uye fiber-optic chiratidzo chekufambisa network. Matransducer anobvumira kutorwa kwekuchinja kusinganzwisisike mumafambiro emuviri wesystem nekushandisa nzira dzekuyera dzehuwandu senge. kuyerwa kwekuyerera uye kutarisisa kumhanya kwekushanda/tembiricha etc.
Mhando dzema transducers
Transducers midziyo inoshandura simba kubva kune imwe fomu kuenda kune imwe. Muchirevo cheacoustic systems, transducers inowanzoshandiswa kushandura simba remuviri kuva zviratidzo zvemagetsi, kana kuti reverse - magetsi mumafungu ezwi. Kunyange zvazvo kune marudzi akawanda e-transducers aripo pamusika nhasi, ose anoshanda maererano nemitemo shoma shoma.
Rudzi rwakanyanya kukosha rwetransducer i piezoelectric transducer, inozivikanwawo semaikorofoni yekubata kana piezo kwenguva pfupi. Piezo transducers anoshandura mechanical vibrations kuita masaini emagetsi achishandisa iyo piezoelectric effect; chaji yemagetsi inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekutsikirira kana vibration kana zvimwe zvinhu zvedielectric (senge quartz) zvichiiswa mukushushikana kwemagetsi. Uku kuchaja kwemagetsi kunogona kukwidziridzwa uye kushandurwa kuita ruzha rwunonzwika kuburikidza nevatauri kana mahedhifoni.
Imwe mhando yakakurumbira yetransducer ndeye electromagnetic coil transducer - dzimwe nguva dzinongonzi a mic. Izvi zvinosanganisira magineti emagetsi akaputirwa netambo yewaya; kana yaiswa kumasaisai eruzha, iyi coil ichagadzira yayo yemagetsi ikozvino, iyo inogona kubva yawedzerwa nekufambiswa kuburikidza nematauri kana mahedhifoni. Sezvo ivo vanowanzo pindura nehuroi hwema frequency renji kupfuura zvinoita piezo-based, maikorofoni anowanzo shandiswa mukurekodha masitudiyo uye nemitambo inorarama zvakafanana.
Pakupedzisira, pane dhijitari inoshandura bhokisi (DAC) transducers; izvi zvinoshanda nekugadzirisa ruzivo rwedhijitari nekuchishandura kuita zviratidzo zveanalogi (kana zvinopesana). Midziyo iyi yakakosha pakufambisa masaini masaini padhijitari network senge Bluetooth kubatana; mune iyi kesi, iyo DAC yaizoshandiswa kusefa kunze kwezvikamu zvechiratidzo izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kutambwa kwemhando yepamusoro kusati kwatapurirana pamusoro pekubatanidza isina waya.
Working Principle
A transducer chinhu chinoshandiswa kushandura simba kubva kune chimwe chimiro kuenda kune chimwe. Inoshanda nekutora simba rekupinza, senge magetsi kana chiedza, uye kuishandura kuita mechanical kufamba kana ruzha.
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwema transducers kuri mukushandurwa kwemagetsi masaini kuita masaisai enzwi. Iyi mhando ye transducer inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa, kusanganisira masisitimu ekuteerera, zviridzwa zvekurapa, uye zvechiuto.
Zvino ngationgororei kuti transducer inoshanda sei uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana.
Mashandisiro anoita matransducer
A transducer mudziyo wemagetsi unowanzo shandiswa kushandura chiratidzo chemagetsi kuita uwandu chaihwo seruzha, kupisa, kana kufamba. Uku kutendeuka kunoitwa nekushandisa sensor kugadzira chiratidzo cheanalog kana chiratidzo chedhijitari. Chiratidzo cheanalogi chinozoshandurwa kuita chimiro chinoverengwa chevoltage kana yazvino. Mhando dzakasiyana dzema transducers dziripo kuti dzione marudzi akasiyana emagetsi masaini akadai mechanical vibrations uye pressure.
Matransducer ane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha: sosi (input), yepakati element (amplifier), uye detector (output). Iyo sosi inoshandisa simba muchimiro chekumanikidza, masaisai eruzha, magetsi emagetsi nezvimwe, izvo zvinogona kuwonekwa nechinhu chepakati uye kukwidziridzwa sezvinodiwa zvisati zvatumirwa kuti zvionekwe. Kana iyo yepakati element inogamuchira simba rekuisa iyo zvakare inoona chero yakafanotemerwa zvivakwa senge frequency uye amplitude. Iyo detector inoona izvi zvivakwa uye yobva yazvidzosera kuita inoyerwa midziyo yemuviri senge voltage kana yazvino padanho rekubuda kuti uwedzere kushandiswa.
Mune otomatiki maitiro, mashandiro emodules semarobhoti anosanganiswa ne simba transducers kuitira kuti vaone masimba ekunze anoshanda paruoko rwerobhoti uye ave nechokwadi chekuti kufamba kwayo kunoramba kwakachengeteka mukati memiganho yekushanda. Magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswawo mumaindasitiri ekudzora masisitimu uko mhepo uye voltages zvinoda kunyatsoongororwa kuitira kugadzikana kwenguva refu uye kunyatsoita muotomatiki maitiro. Mudzimba otomatiki masisitimu, makiyi egonhi anowanzo shandisa masensa kuitira batidza mwenje kana mumwe munhu achisvika pamusuwo kana kuvhura mahwindo kana munhu achinzwa kufamba mukati memamiriro epamba.
Mhando dze transducer zviratidzo
Transducers ndizvo zvikamu zvehurongwa hunoshandiswa kushandura imwe fomu yesimba kuita imwe. Ivo vanoyera, vanonzwa, uye vanofambisa akasiyana marudzi emasaini akadai semagetsi, mechanical, thermal, uye Optical. Transducer zviratidzo zvinonyanya kukamurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri: analog uye digitaalinen.
Analog transducers anoyera ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwemuviri kubva kunharaunda kuti abudise masaini eanalogi anomiririra ruzivo rwakadaro mune yemagetsi fomati. Dhata senge kudzvanywa, tembiricha, kumhanya uye kukwidziridza inogona kushandurwa kuita analog masaini uchishandisa ma transducers ekuyera kana kudzora zvinangwa. Mienzaniso yeanalog transducers inosanganisira maikorofoni anoshandura masaisai enzwi kuita magetsi emagetsi; piezoelectric accelerometers iyo inoshandura mechanical vibration kuita magetsi emagetsi; thermocouples inoona tembiricha; nezvimwewo.
Digital transducers inoshandura chiratidzo kubva kumuviri paramita (sechiedza kana ruzha) kuita madhijitari anomiririra anogona kugadzirwa chete mushure mekugadzirisa kwapera padhijitari chiratidzo processor yakasungirirwa kune transducer pachayo. Kusiyana nemasaini eanalogi, masaini edhijitari ane mazinga akajeka akadai se0s uye 1s anoenderana neimwe nyika yakafanotsanangurwa kwete inoenderera voltage kana nhanho yazvino kana iri analog. Digital chiratidzo chekugadzirisa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasevhisi ekufonera senge nharembozha, sensors semwenje ye LED, dzinotenderera zuva ukomba zvichingodaro, uko data redhijitari rinoyerera pamanetiweki nekumhanya kwepamusoro zvichienzaniswa neyayo-yeanalogi data. Imhaka yekuti mutengo wekugadzira maseketi ekutumira kamwe chete ishoma pane iwo ane chekuita nekugadzirwa kwemaseketi ekutumira odhiyo waveform chidimbu nechidimbu pane imwe frequency renji pamusoro pechinhambwe.
Applications
A transducer inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, senge Zvishandiso zvekufungidzira zvekurapa, masensa emotokari, uye maindasitiri maitiro ekudzora masisitimu. Icho chishandiso chinoshandura simba kubva kune imwe fomu, analogi kana dhijitari, kune imwe fomu. Pamusoro pezvo, matransducer ndiwo hwaro hwechero azvino otomatiki system sezvo ari kushandiswa chiratidzo chekushandura uye chiratidzo chekugadzirisa.
Ngationgororei mashandisirwo akasiyana siyana ematransducer:
Automotive
Matransducer emotokari anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemotokari kune akasiyana maapplication nekuda kwekuita kwavo chaiko, saizi diki, uye mutengo wakanaka. Iwo maturusi akanyanya kukosha anoshandiswa mukutarisa uye kutonga masisitimu emotokari kuyera akasiyana ma paramita akadai tembiricha, kumanikidza, uye chinzvimbo.
Transducer anowanzo shandiswa muinjini dzemotokari kuyera kukurumidza, nzvimbo yezvikamu zvakadai sepistons kana camshafts, exhaust pressure kana zvinosvibisa, tembiricha kana kuyerera. Matransducer anogona kubatsira kuona matambudziko asingatarisirwe ayo akajairwa nzira dzekuongorora. Semuyenzaniso, inotenderera inomhanyisa transducer inogona kushandiswa kuyera chero shanduko muinjini RPM iyo inogona kuratidza kusakara uye kubvaruka, kupisa kusingaite kana kusarongeka.
Mumotokari yemagetsi system inogona kushandiswa kuona masaini emagetsi uye kupa mhinduro pamusoro pekuti iri mukati mezvido zvemugadziri uye kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko emagetsi mukati memotokari. Mashandisirwo akajairika anosanganisira kuyerwa bhatiri ikozvino uye voltage mazinga (kugadzirisa mazinga ekuchaja), kunzwa mwero wemafuta (kutarisa kurongeka kwenhanho) zvakare kuona nguva yekudzima pamainjini edhiziri nepeturu (kuti ive nechokwadi chekupisa kwakanyanya.) Anowanzo shandiswawo mumasisitimu ekufemesa mhepo anosanganisira kudzora mwero wekutsinhana kwemhepo pakati pekunze kwemhepo nemukati makabhini kuitira kunyaradza zvinangwa.
Pamusoro pezvo tekinoroji yetransducer iri kuvandudzwa kuti ishandiswe mumafekitori otomatiki masisitimu uko masensa anoiswa kune otomatiki marobhoti musangano mutsara nzvimbo dzekushandira pamwe nekutonga kwemhando yezvikamu zvinogadzirwa nemichina. Pano dhata kubva kune ma transducers anogona kutorwa nemarobhoti anodzorwa nekombuta achiita kwete kungogara akarongwa macheki ekugadzirisa asiwo mabasa akaomarara senge. kuongorora matambudziko ekugadzirisa kana kukanganisa kwakabatana nekuvhara mukati memitsetse yekugadzira.
zveindasitiri
Industrial applications yematransducer anowanzo kuwanikwa mufekitori otomatiki, process control, uye marobhoti. Common maindasitiri sensors ari kukurumidza, kufamba, kuzununguka, kumanikidza/kumanikidza, tembiricha, kutama/kure/chinzvimbo uye kubata. Aya marudzi ezvishandiso anowanzo yenzira imwe yekutaurirana masisitimu umo transducer inoshandura emuviri kune magetsi emagetsi masaini semhinduro kune yekutarisisa processor kana seyekupinza yekudzora dunhu rinokanganisa maitiro emuviri kuburikidza nemaakita akadai semotor kana solenoids.
Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yemhando ye sensor inobvumira ma transducer kuti ashandiswe kune akasiyana maindasitiri maitiro sekucheka nekugadzira simbi, kudhirowa kwemafuta uye ekunatsa maitiro (SPM), welding masisitimu uye michina yekusangana. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekushandisa iyo transducer inoshandiswa, zvingave zvakakosha kushandura chiratidzo chemagetsi chinobuda kubva kune imwe fomu yesimba kuenda kune imwe yakakodzera fomu (tembiricha ichipinda mukumanikidzwa kana kusimuka kuita velocity).
MaTransducer anogona kutobatanidzwa mumatanho akaomarara ane fiber optic mitsara inowanzo batanidza 'strategic' mapoinzi munzvimbo huru dzekugadzira otomatiki. Midziyo yekubuda inogona kubatanidzwawo kumashure kubva kune processors kutora chiito pane mhinduro kubva kunharaunda. Industrial transducer application inotangira pakuita kuti zviyero zviwanikwe nevanhu (data terminal kuratidza) kuita masvomhu pane positional data inoenderana nezvirongwa zvakachengetwa zvine chekuita nema parameter anogamuchirwa (yakavharwa loop servo-systems).
Medical
Matransducer anoshandiswa muhunyanzvi hwekurapa kune akasiyana maapplication. Imwe yakadaro application ndeye electrocardiography (ECG) iyo inoyera mafungiro emagetsi emwoyo nekufamba kwenguva uye inozviratidza segirafu. Mukuita uku, ma electrode anoiswa panzvimbo dzemuviri, senge makumbo kana chipfuva uye anovaendesa kumushini weECG. Maelectrodes anoona kushanda kwemagetsi emwoyo kuitira kuti aongorore chero kurohwa kusina kujairika kana chero imwe mamiriro ezvinhu anooneka ane chokuita nebasa remwoyo.
Imwe yekurapa application transducers inoshandiswa ndeye ultrasonic imaging uye kuongorora. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa mudziyo unozivikanwa se ultrasound probe kuburitsa mafungu eruzha akakwira-frequency pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri kugadzira mifananidzo inoratidza zvinyoro zvinyoro uye nhengo dzakaita semapfupa, tsandanyama, tendon, ligaments, cartilage uye tsinga dzeropa. Iyi mifananidzo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora zvirwere mukati memuviri, sekuongorora mamota kana zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita segomarara.
Uyezve, ma transducer anoshandiswa mukati monitoring instruments - zvishandiso zvinopa ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo nezvemamiriro emurwere kubva pane imwe nguva kuenda kune imwe nekufamba kwenguva - kusanganisira:
- Pulse oximeters iyo inoyera mwero weoxygen saturation muropa.
- EKG monitors iyo inoyera kurova kwemwoyo kana kuti rhythm abnormalities.
- Monitors for tembiricha, kufema mwero nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinokosha zvakadai BP uye mazinga eglucose.
Consumer Electronics
Consumer electronics vari pakati pe zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvematransducer. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti matransducer anokwanisa kushandura simba remagetsi kuita ruzha, iro rinogona kuzoshandiswa nevatauri mumhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yekuteerera. Pamusoro pezvo, matransducer anoshandiswa kushandura simba kubva kune imwe fomu kuenda kune imwe kuitira kuvandudza chiratidzo-ku-ruzha reshiyo muterevhizheni neredhiyo. Ivo vanoitawo chikamu mukuchinjisa masaini emagetsi kuita maacoustic waves kuti agone kukwidziridzwa.
Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira kushandiswa kwavo munhare uye mahedhifoni, kwavanobatsira kukwidziridza ruzha uye zvakare kuderedza kumashure ruzha. Matransducer anoshandiswawo mumidziyo yekurekodha mavhidhiyo, senge camcorder nemakamera edhijitari, kushandura masaini emagetsi kuita emagetsi kuitira kuti agone kuchengetwa nedigital kana kushandiswa nekombuta. Chekupedzisira, Midziyo yekurapa inowanzo shandisa tekinoroji yetransducer ultrasound mifananidzo uye zvimwe zvinangwa.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa
A transducer mudziyo unogona kushandura chimwe chimiro chesimba kuva chimwe chimiro chesimba. Inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa sekuyera simba, tembiricha, chinzvimbo, kumhanya, uye zvimwe zvinosiyana zvemuviri.
Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura zvakanakira uye zvipingamupinyi zvekushandisa transducers. Nekunzwisisa zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvetransducer, unogona kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo nezve mashandisiro ayo mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa.
Advantages
A transducer chinhu chinoshandura simba kubva kune chimwe chimiro kuenda kune chimwe, kazhinji nechinangwa chekuyera huwandu hwemuviri. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ematransducer, rimwe nerimwe rinokodzera chimwe chinangwa. MaTransducer anopa akawanda mabhenefiti maererano nekureruka uye chokwadi, uye ave zvinhu zvakakosha muhunyanzvi hwazvino.
Zvakanakira zve transducers zvinosanganisira:
- Kubwinya: Matransducer haana hanya nemamiriro ekunze uye anogona kushandiswa mukupisa kwakanyanya uye mamwe mamiriro ane njodzi. Ivo vanowanzoda kuchengetedzwa kushoma pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo.
- High Speed: Masensor mazhinji anogona kupa kuverenga mukati memilliseconds, achibvumira nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza uye kutonga kwemhinduro kana zvichidikanwa.
- Kusiyanisa: Zvikumbiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogoneka nekuda kwekugona kwakawanda kwekunzwa kwevashanduri, kubva pazviyero zvekudzora maitiro kusvika kuongororo yekurapa.
- zvakarurama: Chiratidzo chinobuda kubva kune transducer chinowanzo nyatso kuenzaniswa nezviyero zvakaitwa nemaoko kana dzimwe nzira dzisina kuvimbika. Zvikanganiso zvekuyera zvinogona kunge zvakadzikira pane izvo zvinobva kune manyorerwo maitiro.
- Kubudirira kwemari: Mutengo weTransducer wadonha zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekufambira mberi mune tekinoroji, izvo zvino zvinoita kuti zviwanikwe kune akawanda maapplication.
payakaipira
Transducers vane zvose zvakanakira nezvazvakaipira. Kunyangwe iri nzira iri nyore, inoshanda uye inodhura yekushandura simba kubva kune imwe fomu kuenda kune imwe, ivo vane painogumira.
Kunyanya kushata kwema transducers ndiko kukanganisa kwavo kupindira kweruzha. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pakuyera kuverenga kwakaderera-frequency. Matransducer anogona kukanganiswa nemamwe masaini emagetsi izvo zvinokonzeresa kuverenga kusiri iko uye mhedzisiro isina kururama.
Chimwe chinokanganisa matransducer kuenzana kwavo nguva yekupindura inononoka zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekushandura simba senge mechanical madivayiri kana algorithms. Mune mamwe maapplication, semuenzaniso panodiwa sarudzo dzekukurumidza kana kana mwero wepamusoro wekurongeka uchidikanwa, nzira dzechinyakare dzinogona kunge dzakakodzera kupfuura masisitimu etransducer.
Matransducer anodawo unyanzvi hunokosha kuisa nekuishandisa nemazvo, izvo zvinoita kuti dzisakodzere kune akawanda maapplication apo vashandi vasina hunyanzvi varipo kana nharaunda inoda. kukurumidza kutumirwa uye nyore kushanda kuitira kushanda kwakakwana.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, vatengesi chinhu chakakosha chemaindasitiri mazhinji uye mararamiro emidziyo. Vanokwanisa kushandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remuchina uye zvichipesana, zvichibvumira kuyerwa kwakakosha kutorwa kwaisamboitwa kare. MaTransducer anovhara nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa uye anogona kushandiswa pamwe chete kuburitsa zviyero zvakaringana.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosiyana mukugadzira uye kushandiswa; Ultrasonic transducers zvinonyanya kubatsira kuyedza kusiri kuparadza nekuda kwekugona kuyera ukobvu hwezvinhu pasina kuvhiringa chinhu nenzira ipi zvayo. Piezoelectric transducers shandura mechanical strain mumagetsi emagetsi anoita kuti ave akakodzera mifananidzo yezvokurapa sezvo vachipa mifananidzo yakajeka yenhengo dzomukati. Pakupedzisira, vanodzivisa vatengesi akanakisa pakuyera kushanduka kwetembiricha izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemotokari sekutarisa kupisa kweinjini.
Pakazere, vashanduri vanoshandira zvinangwa zvakakura nezvidiki uye zvakakosha kuti vashandisi vanzwisise kuti michina iyi inoshanda sei kuitira kuti vakwanise kusarudza mhando yakakodzera kune zvavanoda. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, pachave nemikana yakawanda yekuti vanhu vashandise masensor akakwidziridzwa anovimba nehunyanzvi hwetransducer saka zvakakosha kuti ugare wakadzidziswa nezvenyaya iyi!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
