Jim Marshall aive muzvinabhizimusi wechiRungu uye muimbi akachinja indasitiri yemimhanzi zvachose nekugadzira kwake Marshall Amplifier.
Akachinja nzira iyo vairidza magitare emagetsi vairatidza uye kukwidziridza ruzha rwavo, vachigadzira mutinhimira unorema werock uye roll uchiripo nanhasi.
Munguva yebasa rake, akapa maamplifiers emifananidzo uye makabati egitare kune mamwe magitare makuru pasi rose. Ngatitarisei zvakadzama muhupenyu uye zvakaitwa naJim Marshall.
Mhedziso yaJim Marshall
Jim Marshall (1923-2012) aizivikanwa zvakanyanya se "baba veruzha". Akazvarwa muLondon, anonzi ndiye akaita kuti mazuva ano aite ruzha rwe<em>rock and roll nekugadzirwa kwe<em>Marshall Amplifier yake muna 1962. Aizvidzidzisa zvemagetsi injiniya, akavhura chitoro chidiki chemimhanzi muna 1960. Mumakore akatevera, akapedza mitsara mitatu inotungamira yechigadzirwa yekukudza gitare nemabass ruzha - pamwe chete inonzi Marshall stack. Akapedza nguva yakawanda yebasa rake achikurudzira kushanduka kwemimhanzi yerock neiyi siginecha ruzha. Pamberi peJim Marshall's amps uye makabati, magitare emagetsi aishandiswa zvakanyanya sezviridzwa zvemashure mumimhanzi mhenyu. Asi pavakangokwanisa kuwana midziyo yaMarshall, magitare ainzwika pamusoro pezvikamu zvavo zvemutinhimira uye kurongeka kwega kwakava chinhu chikuru chemapoka edombo.
Marshall's amplifiers akashandiswa nevamwe vevanonyanya kuridza magitare mukati memakumi emakore achangopfuura anosanganisira Hendrix, Clapton, Peji Slash, Jack White uye The Who's Pete Townshend kungotaura vashoma. Asi aive zvakare muvambi mune mamwe matunhu emimhanzi sekugadzira audiophile-giredhi studio yekurekodha michina inozivikanwa seThe Major iyo ichiri kutsvakwa zvakanyanya nhasi neanalog yekurekodha fanatics nekuda kweinodziya inodziya yevintage toni. Pamusoro pekuvaka mifananidzo yemimhanzi giya; Jim Marshall akafambisawo hukama hwemunhu nevatambi vane mukurumbira vachipa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuyedza manzwi matsva ayo anozove emhando yepamusoro tropes anokwezva kuzvizvarwa mumakumi emakore kusvika nhasi.
Kufurira paMumhanzi
Jim Marshall aive muzvinabhizimusi wekuBritain uyo, pamwe chete nemumwe wake webhizinesi Ken Bran, vakashandura varaidzo yemimhanzi nekutanga kugadzira michina yemimhanzi. Zvigadzirwa zvaMarshall uye hutsva zvichiri kutekeshera mumarudzi akawanda emimhanzi nhasi uye pesvedzero yake yakanganisa zvakanyanya ruzha, huwandu uye masitaera emimhanzi yakakurumbira pasi rese.
Marshall akagadzira mukurumbira usingaperi wehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye kuvimbika kusati kwamboitika muindasitiri panguva iyoyo. Magetsi ake akadai seMarshall Super Lead kana JCM800 ainyatsobatanidzwa nedzimwe nyeredzi dzemumhanzi werock dzakanyanya kufanana naJimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, Angus Young naSlash; kusimudzira yavo yakasarudzika sonic identity iyo yakave yakabatana zvakanyanya nemhando yavo. Magadzirirwo ake ezvivharo zvemukurukuri izvo zvakachinja manzwire aiita vateereri ruzha rwakakwidziridzwa zvakabvumira nzeve dzevanhu kuti dzinzwe mwero wenzwi usina kumboitika pasina kukanganisa. Izvi zvakabatsira kune yave kunzi "mutsindo mukuru," unogona kuzadza nzvimbo dzakakura dzenhandare - kushandura zviitiko zvakawanda kuita Superstars husiku.
Shanduko yekuvandudzwa kweMarshall yakavewo nechanza chikuru pakushanduka kwesonic kumarudzi ese mune mamwe marudzi akadai sejazz fusion neblues pamwe nenziyo dzefunk mumusimboti wayo kubva kuma1970 zvichienda mberi kusvika nhasi. Akagadziridza masitudhiyo ekurekodha matekiniki nekuunza amplifiers matsva mumusika ayo akagonesa rekodhi rekodhi kusimba kweanalog yekurekodha consoles nekuwedzera imwe headroom yekujekesa zviri nani zvinonzwika pane chero frequency renji rinoshandiswa muzvirongwa izvozvo; kubvumira kumwe kuongorora munzvimbo dzekuteerera dzaive dzisingasvikike senge wooly amplifier saturation tones kana akajeka acoustic bass manotsi pasina compression artifacts kana harmonic distortion. Yakanga iri mhando yekuvandudzwa iyo yakaita kuti zvigadzirwa zveJim Marshalls zvitsvake pakati pevatambi vanobva kuminda yese nekuti vaigara vachipa premium quality toni yakadhindwa inonyatsoenderana neinonyanyo shanda kune munhu mumwe nemumwe.
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Jim Marshall, anowanzonzi "Baba veRuzha", aive mugadziri weBritish, mugadziri wemutauri uye mugadziri wemimhanzi-midziyo. Akaberekwa muna 1923 muLondon, UK, kumhuri ine mwero. Aifarira zvikuru mimhanzi kubva paudiki, uye yakakura kubva ipapo: akapedza hudiki hwake achitamba mumhando dzakasiyana dzejazz uye blues. Mumakore ekuma1940, akashandira Mauto eBritish kuIndia, ndokuzoenda kuUK kuti aite basa remumhanzi.
Childhood
Jim Marshall akaberekerwa muLondon, England musi waChikunguru 29, 1923. Amai vake vaitengesa chitoro chenhau uye vakamudzidzisa kuverenga paakanga ava nemakore matatu. Akatangawo kudzidza "mabhuku chaiwo" pazera iri uye aiverenga zvinyorwa pazera remakore mashanu.
Kufarira kwake mumhanzi hakuna kukura kutozosvikira makore ake okuyaruka, apo akatanga kuridza gitare neboka reshamwari pahoro yechechi yavo yomunzvimbomo. Vakaedza nemhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi dzakadai sejazi uye blues asi hapana kana mumwe wavo aive akakomba nezvemimhanzi sebasa kusvika Jim auya. Mushure mekuenda kuHornsey Chikoro cheArt, Jim akatanga kukudziridza kufarira kutora mafoto pamwe nehumwe hunyanzvi hwekuona sekupenda nekuveza.
Achigara achishuvira kuongorora zvakasiyana siyana zvekugadzira, Jim akazoisa pfungwa dzake mukugadzira zviridzwa zvemimhanzi - panguva iyi ndipo paakadzidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira magitare amplifiers. Mushure mekushandira makambani akati wandei aiedza machubhu uye anopikisa, Jim akavhura bhizinesi rake rekuvaka maamplifiers muna 1961 izvo zvakazoita kuti agadzire Marshall amplifiers - yekupedzisira classic rock ruzha ruchiri kushandisa vazhinji maartist nanhasi.
dzidzo
James Marshall Marshall akaberekerwa muMelbourne, Australia, musi waJanuary 18th, 1980. Akakurira muInner West suburbs yeSydney uye aifarira usiku hwose mumhanzi kubva paudiki kwazvo. Sezvaaikura, tarenda rake rakatanga kuvhurika uye kudzika.
Kunyange zvazvo James aipinda chikoro nguva dzose, panguva yaakanga ava namakore 12 okukura kuda kwake nziyo kwakanga kwadenha fariro dzake dzefundo. Pasinei nechido ichi uye tarenda rinotyisa remimhanzi, vabereki vake vakasimbirira kuti apedze chikoro asati aita nguva yakazara.
Pazera 15, James akagamuchira misiyano muChirungu Literature uye Music Theory kuNorth Sydney Boys High School. Mugovera wega wega waitevera aienda kumakirasi ejazz kuThe Sydney Conservatorium yeMumhanzi achidzidza Jazz Performance pasi pemamwe mazita anhasi anoremekedzwa muindastiri anosanganisira Don Burrows naMike Nock. Nguva dzose ari pamberi pevaaidzidza navo uye ngano muchiitiko pakarepo, pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe Jim akakumbirwa kuti abatane naDon Burrows Big Band semutambi wetrombonist - mukana wakamupa mukana wekutanga kune vamwe vevaimbi vejazz veAustralia vachimupa zvakatowanda. mukurumbira mumakirabhu enyika yose se 'mwana uya anogona kusvetuka zviri nyore' kana kuti 'mwana uyaruka ane nzeve kupfuura makore ake'.
Basa Rokutanga
Jim Marshall akaberekerwa muLondon muna Chikunguru 29, 1923. Akashanda akatevedzana emabasa asinganzwisisike achiri kukura asi ainyanya kudzidziswa ega kana zvasvika pakuridza zviridzwa. Akabatana neRoyal Air Force munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye akatanga kudzidza nezve nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa nekuchengetedza zviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Mushure mebasa rake, akavhura chitoro chemimhanzi muDenmark Street chinonzi Jim Marshall Sound Equipment Ltd., icho chakashanduka kuita bhizinesi rinobudirira. Pasina nguva, Jim akange asingangotengese Hardware chete asi sotfware zvakare.
Muna 1964, Marshall Amplification akazvarwa nekuunza Distortion uye Tremolo mhedzisiro kune ake amplifiers - ese ari maficha anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemabhendi akaita saThe Who, Cream uye Pink Floyd. Munguva iyi Jim akagadziridza maamps akawanda kune zvinodiwa nemutengi wega wega - saka hazvishamise kuti ruzha rwakanga rwuripo rwakabatsira kuumba mamiriro emimhanzi yemazuva ano sezvatinoiziva nhasi. Kubva paPete Townshend's cranked-up yakashata ruzha pa "My Generation" kuenda kuJimmy Peji kutsvaga rimwe izwi uchishandisa sonic manipulation yenziyo dzeLed Zeppelin dzakadai se "Whole Lotta Love" - ese akadyarwa akasimba neamp dhizaini yake.
Mumhanzi Basa
Jim Marshall aive mugadziri wegitare amp amp, aikonzeresa mamwe manzwi makuru munhoroondo yedombo uye roll. Akanga ari muvambi weMarshall Amplification uye anozivikanwa ne "Marshall sound". Pamusoro pemaamplifiers, Marshall akagadzira maspeaker makabhati, amplifiers, maeffects pedals nezvimwe midziyo zvakabatsira mukuzivikanwa uye kushandura ruzha rwedombo uye roll. Akasiya nhaka isingaperi mumhanzi. Ngatimbonyatsoongororai zvaakabatsira mumhanzi.
Kuvambwa kweMarshall Amplification
Jim Marshall akatanga Marshall Amplification muna 1962, achigadzira iyo iconic Marshall stack iyo yakatanga ruzha rwemazuva ano rock uye roll. Ichi chine hungwaru chekugadzira chave chishandiso chakakosha kune chero muimbi, angave ari kuridza pachikuva kana mu studio. Marshall Amplification inogadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa-amps, makabati, combos uye zvishandiso-zvinogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvemimhanzi pasi rose.
Marshall akagadzirawo matekinoroji akati wandei, akadai se'kugadziridza vharafu' ayo akapa ruzha rwakasiyana. Magadzirirwo ake matsva akagonesa vanoridza magitare kuti vakwanise kuwana ma toni ane simba-akakwirira aigona kunzwika ese ari pastage uye kuburikidza nePA masisitimu, achipa kusati kwamboitika sonic kuchinjika kune avo vanoishandisa. Pasina pesvedzero yaJim Marshall neMarshall amplifiers, mimhanzi yerock yemazuva ano ingadai yakanyimwa siginicha yayo magitare uye manzwi.
Kuvandudzwa kweMarshall Sound
Mukupera kwema1950s, Jim Marshall akapiwa basa rekugadzira amplifier yakakodzera yemazuva ano jazz uye rock music. Hunyanzvi hwake hweinjiniya hwakanga husingaenzaniswi uye akagadzira ruzha rwakasiyana nemaamplifiers ayo aizotsanangura marudzi ese emimhanzi. Amplifiers ake akaratidzira inopindura, yakajeka uye punchy ruzha rwezviridzwa zvemagetsi. Amplifiers ake akaita kuti zvikwanisike kuti mabhendi aite kuti ikwidze sezvavaida pasina kumbokanganisa kudziya kana kujeka mukuita.
Marshall akasundidzirawo miganhu nemabass amps ake ayo airatidza ane simba 12-inch speaker aiendesa mabhasi akawanda kupfuura nakare kose akanzwa kubva kune amp cabinet. Uye mukati memakore mashoma mashoma ekuvhura shopu yake yekutanga muLondon, ruzha rwakasiyana rweMarshall magitare uye maamps akanga apararira muUK, Europe uye mberi.
Kutangwa muna 1967, Marshall's iconic JCM800 akateedzana amps yakave iyo kambani mureza chigadzirwa uye yakatsanangurazve gitare kutenderera pasirese. Iine hupfumi hwepakati-renji kurwisa, yakawedzera yakaderera-yekupedzisira frequency pamwe neyekare yeBritish-style yekukanganisa wedunhu, JCM800 yaive simba guru mukugadzira mitsva yemimhanzi inokwanisa kunge simbi, hardcore punk uye grunge rock. Kunyangwe nhasi maartist anoramba achisarudza Marshall amplifiers kuti atore siginecha "Marshall sound" iyo inoramba ichipesvedzera vaimbi kutenderera pasirese.
Kuzivikanwa kweMarshall Amplifier
Mupiro mukuru uye unogara kwenguva refu waJim Marshall kunyika yemimhanzi kwaive kuvandudzwa kweiyo iconic Marshall amplifier. Yakatanga kuoneka muna 1962 uye nekukurumidza kusimuka kuti ive iyo inotsanangura yemagetsi gitare ruzha. Inozivikanwa se "simba asi ine toni" amp, yakashandiswa nedzimwe nyeredzi dzine mukurumbira pasi rose - kusanganisira Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Pete Townshend naSlash.
Marshall amplifiers ainyanya kurira nekuda kwehukuru hwawo (iyo yaive yakakura kupfuura mamodheru aikwikwidza) zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kumakonzati epamoyo panodiwa ruzha rukuru. Kabati yaiwanzo gadzirwa kubva kune yakasimba birch-ply yakavharwa muvinyl inoperekedzwa nesimbi sipika grille machira ayo akakurumidza kuve yakasarudzika motif yakabatana neMarshall amplifiers.
Kuvaka uye dhizaini yakafarirwa naMarshall yakakonzera kuwedzera kunoshanda kwebass frequency ichigonesa kuburitsa mavhoriyamu epamusoro pasina kukanganisa - chimwe chinhu chakaisiyanisa pakati pevezera rayo panguva iyoyo. Uyezve, payakapetwa nemapikicha ehumbucker, yaigonesa vashandisi kugadzira kurira kwakasimba kwedombo - mhedzisiro iyo mabhendi akadai seLed Zeppelin aiwanzoshandisa panguva yekutamba kwavo.
Zvichienderana nechitarisiko chavo chaikurumidza kuonekwa (chakaiswa nezvirongwa zvemavara akashinga) musanganiswa uyu wakaita kuti Marshall amplifiers ave chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuoneka munhoroondo yeRock 'n' Roll - zvichiita kuti Jim marshal aonekwe seimwe yemhanzi dzemazuva ano dzemumhanzi.
Nhaka
Jim Marshall aive piyona muindasitiri yemimhanzi akaita mukurumbira kugadzira Marshall amplifier uye akachinja ruzha rwedombo uye roll. Nhaka yake haingorangarirwi chete nekuda kwemidziyo yake yakakura uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, asi nekuda kwekuda kwake mumhanzi, kushingirira kukanganisa uye mweya mutsva. Ngatitarisei maitiro aJim Marshall aive nawo, uye kuti basa rake richiri kuita sei nhasi.
Impact paMumhanzi
Jim Marshall akashandura mimhanzi yemazuva ano kwemakumi emakore nebasa rake rekutanga, iro rakakwira kusvika kune mamwe epamusoro-soro mukati me'60s ne'70s. Akazvarwa kuUK muna 1923, injinjiniya yemagetsi ane mukurumbira akagadzira masisitimu ekusimudzira aibvumira vaimbi kuti vagadzire manzwi avo anogombedzera - kubva kudombo rekare uye blues kusvika pop nejazz.
Kugadzirwa kwakaitwa naMarshall kweamplifaya yepasi rose kwakave nemhedzisiro isingaverengeki pamabatiro aiitwa vaimbi vachirarama. Akaburitsa makuriro ayo aigona kuenderana nekuridza gitare zvine hukasha uye akazopedzisira abatanidza 2 × 12 ″ masipika mumakabati. Yakanga yakwana wattage kuti mabhendi aisazofanira kuchengetedza vhoriyamu yavo yakaderera kumakirabhu ehusiku zvakare; vaigona zvino kuridza shoo dzemunhu oga dzine ruzha rukuru. Uku kwaive kusimudzira kwakakosha kune zviitiko zvekupinda kweBritish avo vaida ruzha rune simba mukati menzvimbo diki dzakadai seThe Cavern Club kana Marquee Club muLondon.
Jim Marshall akachinjawo kuvaka kwemidziyo yemimhanzi nekugadzira amps akasimba ane mamwe makuru ekushandura uye mapoto akavimbika mukati mawo. Aya maamps akasimba, anodaidzwa nerudo se "Marshalls", aigonesa mabhendi kusundidzira ruzha rwawo zvakanyanya kurarama, achipa nhanho nyowani yesimba iyo yakawedzera kukurudzira maitiro avo ekunyora kumusha. Zviitiko zvengano zvakadai seLed Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix Zvakaitika uye Cream vakashandisa aya maamplifiers matsva, achiratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwaMarshall kwaive nesimba rakadii rekusimudzira rock'n'roll. Kusvikira nhasi, kubudirira kwake kwehupenyu huri kuramba kuchipembererwa muzviitiko zvakasiyana pasi rose; kukudza mumwe wemainjiniya makuru emimhanzi ati ambozivikanwa nevanhu.
Makomborero uye Kuzivikanwa
Jim Marshall aiva muinjiniya wekuteerera, muvambi, uye muzvinabhizimisi akagadzira chimiro cheMarshall Amplifier muna 1962. Zvigadzirwa zvake zvakashandura ruzha rwerock and roll, zvichiunza nguva itsva mukugadzirwa kwemimhanzi. Kambani yake yaizopedzisira yave nemukurumbira pasi rose semutungamiri weindasitiri mune amplifiers uye odhiyo michina.
Basa raMarshall rakavandudza mikana yedombo sezvatinoiziva nhasi, zvichiita kuti aonekwe uye awane mibairo yehupenyu hwake hwose. Akaremekedzwa neLifetime Achievement Award kubva kuAudio Engineering Society (AES) pagungano ravo rechi25 muna 1972, uye akahwina Royal Academy of Engineering Award yeInnovation muna 2002. Pamusoro pezvo, Marshall akagamuchira Grammy Award honors muna 2009 for Technical Merit with. Kuvimbika kune Innovation.
Iyo kambani ine zita rake ichiri mhenyu nhasi uye inoramba ichikudza nhaka yake nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemaodhiyo zvinoramba zvakavimbika kumisimboti yake yekugadzira michina yemhando yepamusoro pamutengo unonzwisisika uchipemberera fungidziro pamusoro pegungano. Kunyangwe akafa, maitiro aJim Marshall pamimhanzi anozonzwika nekusingaperi kuburikidza nekupa kwake kune ruzha rwekugadzira tekinoroji pamwe nekucherechedzwa nemakomiti akasiyana emibairo.
Marshall Music Foundation
Mundangariro dzake, Marshall akasiya nhaka yakavakirwa pakusimudzira, kuda uye kuyemura kwakadzama kwemimhanzi nevaya vanozviita. Nhaka iyi inoenderera mberi kuburikidza neJim Marshall Foundation - sangano rinopa rubatsiro rakaumbwa muna Kubvumbi 2013 nechinangwa chekubatsira vanhu vanoshaya kuti vawane mikana yedzidzo yemimhanzi. Nheyo dzinoshanda kuona kuti mimhanzi inowanikwa kune wese munhu, zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze kana magariro.
Nheyo idzi dzinotsigira zvirongwa zvakati wandei zvinovavarira kubatsira vese vakuru nevana kuti vabatsirwe kubva mudzidzo yemimhanzi, kusanganisira Sound Bites musical outreach project, kudyidzana kwedzidzo neBritish Army's Music Worthy Program ine chinangwa chekupa mukana wekudzidzira mimhanzi yehunyanzvi kune veterans nevaya. vakakuvara mukuita, uye 'Ceol+' - chirongwa chakavakirwa kuNorthern Ireland chinopa mikana yedzidzo uye zvirongwa zvekugara zvakanaka kune vakaremara nevakaremara kuburikidza nekutora chikamu mumisangano yekugadzira.
Webhusaiti yepamutemo yeJim Marshall Tribute inoshanda senzvimbo inodyidzana ine kubvunzurudzwa kwenyanzvi, mapikicha echikoro chekare kubva panguva dzevadiki akashandiswa pakushanya uye mamwe magwaro akasiyana ane chekuita nenhau yehupenyu hwaMarshall-achikuudza kuti aive munhu werudzii. Sebasa rinoenderera mberi, femu inoenderera mberi nekugadzira nzira dzezvizvarwa zvese pasi rose kuti vafarire uyu mukwikwidzi mukuru munyika yakakurumbira yebasa remimhanzi.
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
