Mumunda we acoustics, diaphragm i transducer inoitirwa kutendeseka inter-convert mechanic motion uye ruzha. Inowanzo kugadzirwa nemucheka mutete kana pepa rezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kudzvinyirirwa kwemhepo kwakasiyana kwemafungu eruzha kunopa kuzununguka pane diaphragm iyo inogona kutorwa seimwe nzira yesimba (kana reverse).
Kunzwisisa Maikorofoni Diaphragms: Mwoyo weMikorofoni Technology
A Microphone diaphragm ndicho chikamu chikuru chemaikorofoni inoshandura acoustic simba (sound waves) kuita simba remagetsi (chiratidzo chekuteerera) Icho chidimbu chakatetepa, chakatetepa chechinhu, chinowanzo denderedzwa muchimiro, chakagadzirwa ne mylar kana zvimwe zvinhu zvine hunyanzvi. Iyo diaphragm inofamba ichinzwira tsitsi nekuvhiringika kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nemasaisai eruzha, uye kufamba uku kunobva kwashandurwa kuita magetsi emagetsi anogona kupihwa mukugadzira michina.
Kukosha kweDiaphragm Dhizaini
Dhizaini yemakrofoni diaphragm yakakosha zvakanyanya, sezvo inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro eiyo odhiyo chiratidzo chinogadzirwa. Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo paunenge uchigadzira maikorofoni diaphragm:
- Saizi: Saizi yediaphragm inogona kubva padiki (isingasviki inch mudhayamita) kusvika pakukura zvakanyanya, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemaikorofoni uye huwandu hwemafrequency ainoda kubata.
- Material: Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira diaphragm zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemakrofoni. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira mylar, simbi, uye ribhoni.
- Type: Kune marudzi akasiyana emadiaphragms, anosanganisira dynamic, condenser (capacitor), uye ribhoni. Mhando imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo akasiyana uye mashandisirwo.
- Chimiro: Chimiro chediaphragm chinogona kukanganisa nzira yainozununguka netsitsi nekuvhiringika kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nemasaisai eruzha.
- Misa: Huremu hwe diaphragm chinhu chakakosha mukukwanisa kwayo kufamba netsitsi nemafungu eruzha. Diaphragm inofambiswa ine huremu hwakaderera inowanzo diwa kune akawanda marudzi emakrofoni.
Iwo Tekinoroji Kusiyana pakati peDiaphragm Types
Izvi zvinotevera misiyano yehunyanzvi pakati pemhando dzinowanzozivikanwa dzemakrofoni diaphragms:
- Dynamic: Maikorofoni ine simba inoshandisa diaphragm inosungirirwa pacoil inofambiswa. Kana masaisai eruzha achirova diaphragm, anoita kuti koiri ifambe, izvo zvinogadzira magetsi.
- Condenser (Capacitor): Maikorofoni yecondenser inoshandisa diaphragm inoiswa pamberi pendiro yesimbi. Iyo diaphragm nendiro zvinogadzira capacitor, uye kana masaisai enzwi achirova diaphragm, zvinoita kuti chinhambwe chiri pakati pediaphragm nendiro chichinje, izvo zvinogadzira magetsi.
- Ribhoni: Maikorofoni yeribhoni inoshandisa diaphragm yakagadzirwa netambo nhete yesimbi (ribhoni). Kana masaisai eruzha achirova ribhoni, inodedera zvinonzwisa tsitsi, izvo zvinogadzira magetsi.
Basa reDiafhragm muMakorofoni Kuita
Iyo diaphragm ndicho chinhu chikuru mumaikorofoni inoshandura acoustic simba kuita simba remagetsi. Kugona kwayo kunyatso shandura masaisai eruzha kuita magetsi emagetsi kwakakosha pakuita kwese kwemaikorofoni. Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zvakakosha zvekufunga nezvazvo paunenge uchiongorora mashandiro emaikorofoni diaphragm:
- Sensitivity: Kunzwa kwemaikorofoni kunoreva mwero wekubuda kwemagetsi iyo inoburitsa mukupindura kune yakapihwa nhanho yekurira. Iyo diaphragm inonzwisisika inoburitsa chiratidzo chakasimba chemagetsi kune yakapihwa nhanho yekurira.
- Frequency Response: Iyo frequency inopindura maikorofoni inoreva kugona kwayo kubata nemazvo ma frequency akawanda. Iyo diaphragm yakanyatsogadzirwa ichakwanisa kutora huwandu hwakawanda hwema frequency pasina kuunza kukanganisa kwakakosha kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa.
- Polar Pateni: Iyo polar pateni yemaikorofoni inoreva kutungamira kwekunzwa kwayo. Iyo diaphragm yakanyatso dhizainiwa ichakwanisa kubata zvine mutsindo kubva kwainoda nzira uku ichideredza kunzwisiswa kunzwika kubva kune mamwe maitirwo.
The Bottom Line
Iyo maikorofoni diaphragm chinhu chakakosha che chero maikorofoni, uye dhizaini yayo uye maitiro ekuita zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kweiyo odhiyo chiratidzo chinogadzirwa. Paunenge uchiongorora marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakrofoni, zvakakosha kunyatsoteerera kuumbwa nekushanda kwe diaphragm, sezvo iri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru muchikwata che microphone yose.
Mastering Diaphragm Performance Zvinhu zveMakrofoni
- Ma diaphragm akakura anowanzo kuve neakawedzera frequency mhinduro uye nani yakaderera-frequency senitivity, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kurekodha mimhanzi uye mazwi.
- Madiki diaphragms anonyanya kuterera kune yakakwirira-frequency kurira uye anowanzo shandiswa kurekodha zviridzwa zveacoustic uye semamaikorofoni epamusoro mumadhiramu kits.
Material World: Kupesvedzera kweDiafhragm Material paKunzwika Hunhu
- Izvo zvinoshandiswa kugadzira diaphragm zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwemakrofoni.
- Aluminium diaphragms inowanzoshandiswa mumakrofoni ane simba uye inogadzira inodziya, yakasikwa ruzha.
- Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo shandisa yakatetepa aruminiyamu foil kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoitisa kugadzira diaphragm inopindura zvakanaka kune yakakwirira-frequency ruzha.
- Maikorofoni eCondenser anowanzo shandisa firimu repolymer rakatetepa kana kuti electret zvinhu kugadzira diaphragm inonzwa zvakanyanya kumasaisai ekurira.
Zviroto zveMagetsi: Basa reMagetsi Charge muDiaphragm Performance
- Maikorofoni yeCondenser inoda kuchaji yemagetsi kuti ishande, iyo inounzwa neDC voltage kuburikidza nechokubatanidza maikorofoni.
- Kuchaja kwemagetsi padiaphragm kunobvumira kubvunda mukupindura mafungu eruzha anouya, achigadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogona kukwidziridzwa uye kurekodhwa.
- Electret condenser maikorofoni ine chigarire chemagetsi chaji yakavakirwa mukati diaphragm, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore uye nyore kushandisa.
Kuzviisa Zvose Pamwe Chete: Maitiro eDiafhragm Performance Factors Anokanganisa Kusarudzwa Kwako Mic
- Kunzwisisa diaphragm kuita zvinhu kwakakosha pakusarudza maikorofoni yakanakisa pane zvaunoda.
- Ma diaphragm akakura akanakira kurekodha mimhanzi uye mazwi, nepo madiki diaphragm ari nani kune acoustic zviridzwa uye madhiramu kits.
- Izvo zvinoshandiswa kugadzira diaphragm zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwemaikorofoni, nealuminium, ribhoni, uye polymer zviri zvakajairika sarudzo.
- Chimiro cheiyo diaphragm chinogona kukanganisa zvakananga kunaka kweiyo maikorofoni uye kuita, iine nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzichigadzira ruzha rwechisikigo uye nzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa dzichigadzira ruzha rwakanyanya ruvara.
- Kuchaja kwemagetsi pa diaphragm kwakakosha kune condenser maikorofoni, ine electret condenser maikorofoni iri sarudzo yakakurumbira kune yavo nyore uye nyore kushandisa.
Iyo Acoustic Nheyo: Kudzvanya Versus Pressure-Gradient
Kana zvasvika kumakrofoni, kune maviri makuru marudzi eacoustic misimboti anoshandiswa kuona mafungu eruzha: kudzvanywa uye kudzvanywa-gradient. Hezvino izvo zvaunoda kuziva nezve nzira mbiri idzi:
- Mamaikorofoni epressure: Aya maikorofoni anoona masaisai eruzha nekuyera kuchinja kwemhepo kunoitika kana masaisai eruzha achirova maikorofoni diaphragm. Rudzi urwu rwemaikorofoni inozivikanwa zvakare seomnidirectional maikorofoni nekuti inotora masaisai ekurira kubva kumativi ese zvakaenzana.
- Pressure-gradient maikorofoni: Aya maikorofoni anoona masaisai eruzha nekuyera mutsauko wekumanikidzwa kwemhepo pakati pekumberi nekumashure kwediaphragm yemakrofoni. Rudzi urwu rwemaikorofoni inozivikanwawo semaikorofoni inonangidzirwa nekuti inonzwa zvakanyanya kune ruzha runobva kune mamwe maratidziro kupfuura mamwe.
Mashandiro Anoita Kudzvanya uye Kudzvanya-Gradient Maikorofoni
Kuti unzwisise mutsauko uripo pakati pekumanikidza uye kumanikidza-gradient maikorofoni, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti mhando yega yega yemakrofoni inoshanda sei:
- Mamaikorofoni ekumanikidza: Kana masaisai eruzha asvika pamaikorofoni diaphragm, anoita kuti diaphragm idedere ichienda mberi. Kufamba uku kunoburitsa shanduko mumhepo inoonekwa netransducer yemakrofoni. Iyo inokonzeresa odhiyo siginecha inomiririra yakananga yemafungu eruzha anorova maikorofoni diaphragm.
- Pressure-gradient maikorofoni: Kana masaisai eruzha asvika pamaikorofoni diaphragm, anoita kuti diaphragm idedere ichidzokera kumashure nenzira inoenzanirana. Nekudaro, nekuti kumashure kweiyo diaphragm kunoratidzwa kune akasiyana acoustic nharaunda pane yekumberi, iyo amplitude uye chikamu chemafungu chinosvika kumashure kweiyo diaphragm ichave yakasiyana nekumberi. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemusiyano munzira iyo diaphragm iri kuita nemasaisai eruzha, ayo anoonekwa netransducer yemaikorofoni. Iyo inokonzeresa odhiyo chiratidzo musanganiswa wakaoma weakananga inzwi masaisai uye inoperekedza chikamu uye amplitude misiyano.
Kunzwisisa Polar Pateni
Imwe yemusiyano wakanyanya pakati pekumanikidza uye kudzvanya-gradient maikorofoni inzira yavanoziva nayo masaisai eruzha, ayo anokanganisa kunzwisiswa kwemaikorofoni uye hunhu hwekunanga. Iyo polar pateni yemakrofoni inotsanangura mabatiro ainoita kune ruzha runobva kwakasiyana. Heano matatu anonyanya kufarirwa polar mapatani:
- Cardioid: Iyi pateni inonyanya kunzwisiswa neruzha runobva kumberi kwemaikorofoni uye isinganyanyi kunzwa ruzha runobva kumativi nekumashure.
- Bidirectional: Iyi pateni inonzwa zvakaenzana kumaruzha anouya kubva kumberi nekumashure kwemaikorofoni asi isinganyanyi kunzwa manzwi anobva kumativi.
- Omnidirectional: Iyi pateni inonzwa zvakaenzana kumanzwi anobva kumativi ese.
Yepamusoro-Kero Versus Side-Kero Maikorofoni Diaphragms
Yepamusoro-kero maikorofoni akagadzirwa aine diaphragm yakamira perpendicular kumuviri wemakrofoni. Iyi dhizaini inoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa iyo mic uye inonyanya kubatsira kune podcasting uye neruoko kurekodha. Chakanyanya bhenefiti yemakrofoni epamusoro-kero ndeyekuti anobvumira mushandisi kuona diaphragm, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuisa mic uye kuinongedza munzira kwayo.
Common Brands uye Models of Top-Kero uye Side-Kero Maikorofoni
Kune huwandu hukuru hwemakrofoni mabhureki uye modhi pamusika, imwe neimwe iine yayo yakasarudzika magadzirirwo uye maitiro. Mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira uye mhando dzepamusoro-kero maikorofoni dzinosanganisira iyo Rode NT1-A, AKG C414, uye Shure SM7B. Mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira uye mhando dzepadivi-kero maikorofoni dzinosanganisira iyo Neumann U87, Sennheiser MKH 416, uye Shure SM57.
Iyo Yakanakisa Maikorofoni Yezvido Zvako
Pakupedzisira, maikorofoni yakanakisa pane zvaunoda inotsamira pane zvakati wandei zvinhu, zvinosanganisira nzvimbo yako yekurekodha, rudzi rweodhiyo yauri kurekodha, uye bhajeti yako. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uite tsvagiridzo yako uye tarisa wongororo uye ruzha masampuli usati watenga. Mamwe mapoinzi akakosha ekufunga kana uchisarudza maikorofoni anosanganisira:
- Kunzwa kwe diaphragm
- Iyo polar pateni yemakrofoni
- Dhizaini yemuviri uye saizi yemakrofoni
- Mutengo wemutengo uye kukosha kwese kwemari
Iyo Moving-Coil Diaphragm: A Dynamic Microphone Element
Nheyo iri seri kweiyo inofambisa-coil diaphragm yakavakirwa pakuita kwepedyo, apo iyo diaphragm iri pedyo kune inonzwika sosi, ndipo pakakwirira kunzwisiswa kwemaikorofoni. Iyo diaphragm inowanzo gadzirwa nepurasitiki kana aluminium uye inoiswa mucapsule inosungirirwa kumuviri wemakrofoni. Kana masaisai eruzha achirova diaphragm, inodedera, zvichiita kuti coil yakabatanidzwa ifambe mundima yemagineti, ichigadzira magetsi anotumirwa netambo dzemaikorofoni.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira?
Advantages:
- Moving-coil diaphragms kazhinji haanzwe zvakanyanya pane condenser diaphragms, zvichiita kuti asatadze kusimudza isingadiwe kumashure ruzha.
- Idzo dzakasimba zvakanyanya uye dzinogona kumirisana nepamusoro-soro mazinga pasina kukanganisa.
- Iwo anowanzo kudhura kupfuura condenser mics, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune avo vari mubhajeti.
payakaipira:
- Moving-coil diaphragms haina kusimba senge condenser diaphragms, zvichireva kuti vanogona kusatora zvakadzama muruzha.
- Vanoda chiratidzo chakasimba kuti vashande, izvo zvinogona kuve dambudziko kana iwe uchirekodha chimwe chinhu chakaderera muhuwandu.
- Kuenzaniswa neribhoni diaphragms, vangave vasina semasikirwo eruzha.
Inofananidzwa Sei Nemamwe Diaphragms?
- Kuenzaniswa neribhoni diaphragms, kufambisa-coil diaphragms inowanzogara yakasimba uye inogona kubata yakakwirira kurira kwemazinga pasina kukanganisa.
- Kuenzaniswa necondenser diaphragms, kufambisa-coil diaphragms hainyanyi kunzwa uye inoda siginecha yakasimba kuti ishande, asi ivo zvakare havanyanyi kutora isingadikanwi ruzha rwekumashure.
Ndezvipi Zvigadzirwa Zvinoshandisa Moving-Coil Diaphragms?
- Shure SM57 uye SM58 ndiwo maviri emakrofoni akajairika anoshandisa kufambisa-coil diaphragms.
- Iyo Electro-Voice RE20 imwezve yakakurumbira maikorofoni inoshandisa inofamba-coil diaphragm.
Pakazara, Ko Moving-Coil Diaphragm iSarudzo Yakanaka?
Kana iwe uchida maikorofoni inogara kwenguva refu, inokwanisa kubata yakakwirira ruzha mazinga pasina kukanganisa, uye isinganyanyi kusimudza isingadikanwi ruzha rwekumashure, ipapo diaphragm inofamba-coil inogona kunge iri sarudzo yakanaka. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchida maikorofoni inonzwisisika uye inokwanisa kutora zvimwe zvakadzama mukurira, ipapo condenser diaphragm inogona kunge iri nani sarudzo. Zvese zvinoenderana nezvaunoda maikorofoni uye kuti bhajeti yako ndeyei.
Iyo Ribhoni Diaphragm: Chinhu chakapfava chinogadzira Yakanakisa Ruzha
Mamwe mabhenefiti ekushandisa ribhoni diaphragm maikorofoni anosanganisira:
- Yakanakisa ruzha rwemhando: Iyo ribhoni diaphragm kugona kusimudza yakasikwa, isina ruvara ruzha inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira yekurekodha zviridzwa uye mazwi mu studio.
- Wide frequency range: Ribhoni mics kazhinji ine yakakura frequency renji kupfuura mamwe maikorofoni mhando, ichivabvumira kutora huwandu hwakakura hwemanzwi.
- Saizi diki: Ribhoni maikorofoni anowanzo diki pane echinyakare condenser uye ine simba mics, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekurekodha munzvimbo dzakasimba.
- Ruzha rwevintage: Ribhoni mics ine mukurumbira wekugadzira inodziya, yevintage ruzha rwunoonekwa nevanhu vazhinji.
- Isolated ruzha: Ribhoni mics yakagadzirirwa kusimudza ruzha kubva kumativi, kwete kumberi uye kumashure, iyo inobvumira kune yakasarudzika ruzha kutora.
- Passive dhizaini: Nekuti ribhoni mics isingaiti, haidi simba rephantom kana mamwe magetsi ekunze kuti ashande.
Ndeapi Marudzi Makuru eRibhoni Diaphragm Maikorofoni?
Kune maviri makuru marudzi eribhoni diaphragm maikorofoni:
- Passive ribhoni mics: Aya maikorofoni haadi chero simba rekunze kuti ashande uye anowanzo kutetepa uye anonzwira tsitsi pane anoshanda ribhoni mics.
- Active ribhoni mics: Aya mics ane akavakirwa-mukati preamp circuitry inokudza chiratidzo kubva paribhoni, zvichikonzera kusimba kwakasimba kwekubuda. Active ribhoni mics kazhinji inoda simba rephantom kuti rishande.
Iyo Condenser (Capacitor) Diaphragm mune Maikorofoni
Iyo condenser diaphragm inonzwa zvakanyanya uye inogona kutora kunyange diki kurira. Uku kunzwisiswa kunokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti diaphragm inowanzo gadzirwa nechinhu chakatetepa kwazvo, icho chinobvumira kuti iite zvekuzunguza zviri nyore. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo condenser maikorofoni inoda sosi yemagetsi, inowanzo kupihwa kuburikidza neiyo phantom simba sosi, iyo inoibvumira kugadzira yakasimba yemagetsi chiratidzo.
Sei ichionekwa seCapacitor?
Iyo condenser diaphragm inoonekwa se capacitor nekuti inoshandisa misimboti yekugona kugadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi. Capacitance ndiko kukwanisa kwegadziriro yekuchengetedza mutero wemagetsi, uye munyaya ye condenser diaphragm, kuchinja kwechinhambwe pakati pemahwendefa maviri esimbi kunogadzira shanduko ye capacitance, iyo inobva yashandurwa kuva chiratidzo chemagetsi.
Chii chinorehwa neDC uye AC maererano neCondenser Diaphragm?
DC inomirira kuti direct current, inova mhando yemagetsi anoyerera achienda kune rimwe divi. AC inomirira alternating current, inova mhando yemagetsi anochinja nzira nguva nenguva. Panyaya ye condenser diaphragm, simba rinopa simba kune system rinogona kunge riri DC kana AC, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemakrofoni.
Ndeipi Basa reCondenser Diaphragm mukurekodha?
Iyo condenser diaphragm inoita basa rakakosha mukurekodha nekushandura masaisai eruzha kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogona kuchengetwa uye kushandiswa. Kunzwa kwayo uye kugona kutora huwandu hwakasiyana hwemafrequency kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira yekurekodha mazwi uye acoustic zviridzwa, pamwe nekutora ambient ruzha mukamuri kana nharaunda. Hunhu hwayo hunoenderana uye hwemusikirwo hunoitawo kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yekutora iwo chaiwo essence yekuita.
mhedziso
Saka, ndizvo zvakaita diaphragm uye kuti inoshanda sei mumakrofoni. Chinhu chakapfava chechinhu chinoshandura acoustic energy kuita simba remagetsi. Ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chikamu chemaikorofoni, saka unofanirwa kuziva kuti chii chave kuziva kuti chinoshanda sei. Saka, usatya kubvunza mibvunzo kana usina chokwadi uye gara uchiyeuka kuti irambe ichifamba! Ndatenda nekuverenga uye ndinovimba wadzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
