Zvinozviita sei izvozvo? Odhiyo yacho inosvika sei kubva kudura kuenda kumutauri kuti iwe uinzwe?
Chiratidziro cheaudio chiratidzo chemagetsi chekurira mu odhiyo frequency pakati pe20 kusvika ku20,000 Hz. Iwo anogona kugadzirwa zvakananga, kana kubva pamaikorofoni kana chiridzwa chepikicha transducer. Kuyerera kwechiratidzo ndiyo nzira kubva kunobva kune mutauri, uko iyo odhiyo sigiro inoshandurwa kuita ruzha.
Ngatitarisei kuti chiratidzo cheodhiyo chii uye kuti chinoshanda sei. Ini ndichakurukurawo mhando dzakasiyana dzekuyerera kwechiratidzo uye maitiro ekumisikidza kuyerera kwechiratidzo cheimba yekuteerera system.
Kunzwisisa Audio Signal Processing
Chii chinonzi Audio Signal Processing?
Wakambozvibvunza here kuti nziyo dzaunofarira dzinosangana sei? Zvakanaka, zvese ndezvekutenda kune odhiyo chiratidzo kugadzirisa! Odhiyo siginecha yekugadzirisa ndiyo maitiro ekushandura ruzha kuita dhijitari mafomati, kushandura manzwi eruzha, uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro kugadzira rwiyo rwakakwana. Inoshandiswa mukurekodha masitudiyo, paPC nemalaptops, uye kunyangwe pamichina yekurekodha yakasarudzika.
Kutanga neAudio Signal Processing
Kana iwe uchifarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve odhiyo chiratidzo kugadzirisa, Warren Koontz's Sumo yeAudio Signal Processing ndiyo yakakwana nzvimbo yekutanga. Iyo inovhara izvo zvekutanga zvekurira uye analog masaini masaini, sampling uye quantizing kune digital audio masiginecha, nguva uye frequency domain processing, uye kunyangwe chaiwo maapplication senge yakaenzana dhizaini, kugadzirwa kwekuita, uye kudzvanywa kwefaira.
Dzidza Audio Signal Processing neMATLAB
Chikamu chakanakisa nezvebhuku iri ndechekuti rinouya nemienzaniso uye maekisesaizi anoshandisa MATLAB zvinyorwa nemabasa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kugadzirisa odhiyo munguva chaiyo paPC yako uye kuwana kunzwisisa kuri nani kwemashandiro edhidhiyo masaini ekugadzirisa.
Pamusoro Author
Warren Koontz ndiye purofesa akasiya basa paRochester Institute of Technology. Ane BS kubva kuYunivhesiti yeMaryland, MS kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology, uye Ph.D. kubva kuPurdue University, zvese muinjiniya yemagetsi. Akapedza makore anopfuura makumi matatu kuBell Laboratories achigadzira madhijitari ekufambisa masisitimu, uye mushure mekuenda pamudyandigere, akabatana neiyo fakaroti kuRIT kubatsira kugadzira iyo Audio Engineering Technology sarudzo. Koontz akaenderera mberi netsvagiridzo yake mumunda weinjiniya yekuteerera uye akaburitsa uye akapa mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo yake.
Sayenzi Iri Kuseri Kwekuchinja Kwezvino
Chii chinonzi AC?
Alternating Currents (AC) akafanana nemwana wemusango wemagetsi - haagari panzvimbo imwechete uye anogara achichinja. Kusiyana neDirect Current (DC) iyo inongoyerera munzira imwe, AC inogara ichichinja pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ichishandiswa mumasaini masaini - inogona kudzoreredza manzwi akaoma kunzwisisa.
Chinoshanda sei?
AC masaini masaini anogadziridzwa kuti aenderane nekukwirira kweizwi riri kudhindwa, semasaisai eruzha anochinjana pakati pepamusoro uye yakaderera. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuchinja maitiro maviri - frequency uye amplitude.
- Frequency: Kangani iyo chiratidzo inoshanduka kubva kune yakanaka kuenda kune yakaipa.
- Amplitude: Chiyero kana vhoriyamu yechiratidzo, yakayerwa mumadecibel.
Nei AC yakakura zvakadaro?
AC yakafanana nehukuru hwemagetsi - inogona kuita zvinhu zvisingagoneke nemamwe marudzi emagetsi. Inogona kutora manzwi akaoma kunzwisisa uye kuashandura kuita masaini emagetsi, uye obva aidzorera kuita ruzha zvakare. Zvakafanana nemashiripiti, asi nesainzi!
Chii chinonzi Signal Flow?
The Basics
Kuyerera kwemasaini kwakafanana nemutambo werunhare, asi une ruzha. Ndirwo rwendo rwunotorwa nenzwi kubva kwairi kuenda munzeve dzako. Inogona kunge iri rwendo rupfupi, senge paunenge uchiteerera nziyo dzaunofarira pastereo yekumba kwako. Kana kuti runogona kunge rwuri rwendo rurefu, runomonereka, senge uri mu studio yekurekodha ine mabhero ese nemiridzo.
Iyo Nitty Gritty
Kana zvasvika pakuyerera kwechiratidzo, pane zvakawanda zvinomira munzira. Ruzha runogona kupfuura nemusanganisi wekoni, ekunze odhiyo midziyo, uye kunyange makamuri akasiyana. Zvakafanana nemujaho mukuru weOl 'audio relay!
Kubatsirwa
Runako rwekuyerera kwechiratidzo ndechekuti inogona kubatsira kuita kuti ruzha rwako ruve nani. Inogona kukubatsira kudzora vhorumu, wedzera mhedzisiro, uye ita shuwa kuti ruzha rwuri kuenda kunzvimbo chaiyo. Saka, kana iwe uchitsvaga kuwana zvakanyanya kubva kune yako odhiyo, saka iwe unenge uchida kuziva kuyerera kwechiratidzo.
Kunzwisisa Audio Signals
Chii chinonzi Audio Signals?
Masaini masaini akafanana nemutauro wevatauri vako. Ndivo vanoudza vatauri vako zvekutaura uye kuti vataure sei. Ndivo vanoita kuti mimhanzi yako inzwike inoshamisa, mafirimu ako anonzwika zvakanyanya, uye mapodcasts ako anonzwika senge nyanzvi yekurekodha.
Ndeapi maParameter Anoratidza maAudio Signals?
Masaini masaini anogona kuratidzirwa neashoma akasiyana paramita:
- Bandwidth: Iyi ndiyo mhando yefrequencies iyo chiratidzo chinogona kutakura.
- Nominal Level: Iyi ndiyo avhareji nhanho yechiratidzo.
- Simba Level muDecibels (dB): Ichi ndicho chiyero chesimba rechiratidzo chinoenderana nereferensi level.
- Voltage Level: Ichi ndicho chiyero chesimba rechiratidzo chine hukama neiyo impedance yenzira yechiratidzo.
Ndeapi Matanho Akasiyana eAudio Signals?
Masaini masaini anouya mumatanho akasiyana zvichienderana nekushandisa. Heino kukurumidza kudonhedza kwemazinga akajairika:
- Line Level: Iyi ndiyo nhanho yakajairwa yehunyanzvi kusanganisa consoles.
- Nhamba yeVatengi: Iyi idanho rakaderera pane mutsara nhanho uye inoshandiswa kune yevatengi odhiyo michina.
- Mic Level: Iyi ndiyo yakaderera nhanho uye inoshandiswa kumakrofoni.
Zvose Izvi Zvinorevei?
Muchidimbu, masaini masaini akafanana nemutauro wevatauri vako. Vanoudza vatauri vako zvekutaura, kuti utaure sei, uye maitiro ekuita kuti mimhanzi yako, mafirimu, uye podcasts zvinzwike zvinokatyamadza. Saka kana iwe uchida kuti odhiyo yako inzwike zvakanyanya, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa akasiyana ma paramita uye mazinga emasaini masaini.
Chii chinonzi Digital Audio?
Chii ichochi?
Digital odhiyo imhando yedhijitari yechiratidzo chekuteerera. Inoshandiswa mumhando dzese dzeodhiyo plug-ins uye digital audio workstation (DAW) software. Chaizvoizvo, irwo ruzivo rwunopfuura nepakati peDAW kubva kuodhiyo track kuenda kune plug-in uye kunze kwekubuda kwehardware.
Inotakurwa Sei?
Digital audio inogona kutumirwa pamusoro peakasiyana tambo, kusanganisira:
- Optical nokusanzwira
- Coaxial
- Twisted pair
Uyezve, mutsara kodhi uye kutaurirana protocol inoshandiswa kupa chiratidzo chedhijitari chekufambisa svikiro. Mamwe eanonyanya kufarirwa edhijitari ekutakurisa anosanganisira:
- TSIKA
- TDIF
- TOS-LINK
- S / PDIF
- AES3
- MADI
- Audio pamusoro peEthernet
- Audio pamusoro peIP
Saka Zvose Izvozvo Zvinorevei?
Mukutaura kwevasina basa, digital audio inzira yekutumira masaini masaini pamusoro petambo uye kuburikidza nemhepo. Inoshandiswa mumhando dzese dzeodhiyo plug-ins uye digital audio workstation (DAW) software. Saka, kana uri muimbi, mugadziri, kana odhiyo injiniya, mukana wekuti wakamboshandisa digital audio pane imwe nguva pabasa rako.
Manipulating Audio Signals
Chii chinonzi Signal Processing?
Kugadziriswa kwechiratidzo inzira yekutora chiratidzo chekuteerera, senzwi, uye kuchichinja neimwe nzira. Zvakafanana nekutora ruzha, kuripinza mukombuta, wobva washandisa boka remaknob uye dials kuti rinzwike zvakasiyana.
Chii chaungaita neSignal Processing?
Signal processing inogona kushandiswa kuita marudzi ese ezvinhu zvinotonhorera zvine ruzha. Hezvino zvimwe zvezvingabvira:
- Mafambiro epamusoro kana akaderera anogona kusefa kunze.
- Mamwe ma frequency anogona kusimbiswa kana kudzikiswa neakaenzana.
- Harmonic overtones inogona kuwedzerwa nekukanganiswa.
- Amplitude inogona kudzorwa necompressor.
- Mimhanzi mhedzisiro senge reverb, korasi, uye kunonoka zvinogona kuwedzerwa.
- Iyo yese nhanho yechiratidzo inogona kugadziriswa nefader kana amplifier.
- Masaini akawanda anogona kusanganiswa nemusanganisi.
Zvose Izvi Zvinorevei?
Muchidimbu, kugadzirisa chiratidzo inzira yekutora ruzha uye kuita kuti rinzwike rakasiyana zvachose. Iwe unogona kuita kuti iite ruzha kana kupfava, kuwedzera mhedzisiro, kana kusanganisa manzwi akawanda kuita imwe. Zvakafanana nekuva nenzvimbo yekutamba sonic yekutamba mairi!
Chii chinonzi Transduction?
The Basics
Transduction inzira yekushandura inzwi kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Mune mamwe mazwi, inzira yekushandura masaisai enzwi kuita 0s uye 1s. Zvakafanana nezambuko remashiripiti pakati penyika dzenyama nedzedhijitari.
The Players
Pane vatambi vaviri vakuru mumutambo wekutapurirana:
- Maikorofoni: Aya matransducer anotora masaisai eruzha oashandura kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi.
- Vatauri: Aya matransducer anotora zviratidzo zvemagetsi uye anoashandura kuita masaisai ekurira.
Mhando
Kana zvasvika pakutapurirana, kune maviri makuru marudzi emasaini masaini: analog uye dhijitari. Analog ndiyo yekutanga ruzha wave, nepo dijitari iri iyo 0s uye 1s vhezheni.
The Process
Nzira yekushandura iri nyore nyore. Kutanga, kurira kwezwi kunosangana nemakrofoni capsule. Iyi capsule inobva yashandura simba remagetsi rekudengenyeka kuita magetsi. Iyi yazvino inozowedzerwa uye inoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chedhijitari. Pakupedzisira, iyi siginecha yedhijitari inoshandurwa zvakare kuita ruzha wave nemutauri.
Iyo Funky Sayenzi
Nzeve dzedu dzinopinzawo ruzha mumasaini emagetsi, asi aya masaini ekunzwa, kwete masaini. Masaini masaini ndeekunzwa, nepo masaini masaini ari ehunyanzvi.
Saka ipapo iwe unayo - inokurumidza uye nyore gwara rekutapurirana. Iye zvino unogona kufadza shamwari dzako neruzivo rwako rwemashiripiti maitiro ekushandura masaisai ekurira kuita 0s uye 1s!
Kunzwisisa Decibel Scale
Chii chinonzi Decibel?
Paunotarisa mita yechiratidzo, uri kutarisa ruzivo rwe decibel. Madecibel anoyera kukwidza kana kukura kweruzha. Iyo chiyero che logarithmic, kwete mutsara, zvinoreva kuti inogona kuyera huwandu hukuru hwesimba rekurira. Nzeve yemunhu mudziyo unoshamisa unogona kuona kurira kwepini inodonha pedyo, pamwe chete nekutinhira kwejini yejeti iri kure.
Noise Measurement Units
Paunoyera mazinga eruzha nemamita chiyero chenzwi, unoyera kusimba kweruzha mumayuniti edecibel (dB). Meta yeruzha inoshandisa chiratidziro chine decibel renji uye resolution kuti isvike kune inoshanduka nzeve. Zvingave zvakaoma kugadzira mita yenzwi ine mutsara wekuita, saka chikero chelogarithmic chinoshandiswa, uchishandisa gumi sehwaro.
Decibel Mazinga eCommon Sounds
Heino runyorwa rwema decibel mazinga emanzwi akajairika:
- Pedyo-yakazara kunyarara - 0 dB
- Kuzevezera - 15 dB
- Raibhurari - 45 dB
- Kukurukurirana kwakajairika - 60 dB
- Chimbudzi chekuchenesa - 75-85 dB
- Iresitorendi ine ruzha - 90 dB
- Ruzha rwepamusoro pawadhi yechipatara - 100 dB
- Kuchema kwemwana - 110 dB
- Jet injini - 120 dB
- Porsche 911 Carrera RSR Turbo 2.1–138 dB
- Bharumu inobuda - 157 dB
Mhando dzeDecibels
Kana zvasvika kune odhiyo, kune akati wandei marudzi ema decibels:
- SPL (Sound Pressure Levels): inoyera-chaiyo-yepasirese (isina-chiratidzo) ruzha, yakayerwa neakasarudzika SPL mita.
- dBFS (Decibels Yakazara Scale): mayero edhijitari masiginecha anoyerwa sei munyika ye0s uye 1s, uko yakanyanya simba rechiratidzo = 0 pamamita.
- dBV (Decibels Volt): inonyanya kushandiswa mumidziyo yeanalogi kana software yedhijitari inotevedzera giya reanalog. VU metres inonyoresa avhareji maredhiyo mazinga, kusiyana nemamita epamusoro, ayo anoratidza chete ruzha rwenguva pfupi masaini masaini. Mumazuva ekutanga eanalog odhiyo, magineti tepi yaisakwanisa kurekodha sigidhiyo yakawanda kana ichienzaniswa nematepi yakabudiswa makumi emakore gare gare, saka zvakave zvinotenderwa kurekodha pamusoro pe0 zvichienderana ne tepi yaishandiswa, kusvika +3 kana +6 kana kutopfuura.
Kunzwisisa Audio Formats
Chii chinonzi Audio Format?
Paunorekodha odhiyo, unofanirwa kusarudza kuti ichachengetwa sei. Izvi zvinoreva kusarudza iyo chaiyo odhiyo fomati, kudzika zvishoma, uye sampuli mwero. Zvakafanana nekutora iyo chaiyo kamera marongero emufananidzo. Unogona kusarudza JPEG mhando (yakaderera, yepakati, yakakwira) kana kurekodha huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu muRAW faira.
Mafomati eaudio akafanana nemafomati emifananidzo - .png, .tif, .jpg, .bmp, .svg - asi neruzha. Odhiyo fomati inotsanangura kuti yakawanda sei data inoshandiswa kumiririra odhiyo, ingave yakamanikidzwa kana kwete, uye rudzi rwe data rinoshandiswa.
Uncompressed Audio
Kana zvasvika pakugadzirwa kwemaodhiyo, iwe unowanzo kuda kunamatira isina kudzvanywa odhiyo. Nenzira iyo, iwe unogona kudzora kuti iyo odhiyo inogoverwa sei. Kunyangwe iwe uri kushandisa chikuva seVimeo, YouTube, kana Spotify, iwe unenge uchida kugona iyo odhiyo mune isina kudzvanywa fomati kutanga.
Yakamanikidzwa Audio
Kana uri kushanda nemimhanzi, ungangoda kudzvanya faira reodhiyo kana yakakura kwazvo papuratifomu yekugovera. Semuenzaniso, Distrokid inongogamuchira mafaera anosvika 1GB. Saka kana rwiyo rwako rwakarebesa, unotofanira kuchimanikidza.
Mafomati emafaira akajairika ekugadzira mimhanzi WAV uye FLAC. FLAC ndeye isingarasikike compression fomati, iri nani pane mp3s. Spotify inokurudzira kushandisa AAC fomati.
Kutumira Audio
Paunenge uchitumira kunze odhiyo sechikamu chevhidhiyo, iwe unowanzo uine mashoma ekutanga ekusarudza kubva (semuenzaniso YouTube, Vimeo, Nharembozha, Webhu, Apple Pro Res.). Iyo odhiyo inozomanikidzwa pamwe chete nevhidhiyo zvichibva pane ako ekunze marongero.
Kana iwe uine kese yekushandisa isingaenderane ne presets, unogona kuita imwe tsvakiridzo yepamhepo kuti uone magadzirirwo akanakisa.
Faira Size Kuenzanisa
Heino kuenzanisa kwemafaira emafaira pane akasiyana maodhiyo mafomati:
- WAV: Hombe
- FLAC: Pakati
- MP3: Diki
Saka, hezvo unayo! Iye zvino iwe unoziva zvese nezve maodhiyo mafomati.
Chii chinonzi Bit Depth?
Bit udzamu itekinoroji izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura kusimba kwekugadzirisa kweizwi waveform. Zvakaita senge nhamba yenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kumiririra faira rese redhiyo, uye chinhu chakakosha pakuona huwandu hwese uye kugadziriswa kwekurira.
Izvo Nheyo dzeBit Depth
Hudzamu hudiki hunoenderana nehuwandu hwehukoshi hunoshandiswa kumiririra masaini ane ruzha uye akanyarara anogona kurekodhwa mudhijitari. Heino rondedzero inokurumidza yezvakakosha:
- Bit kudzika kukosha kunomiririra kusimba kwekugadzirisa kweizwi's waveform.
- Bit kudzika zvakare kunotsanangura huwandu hwese hwenzvimbo dzegumi nema0 ese anoshandiswa kumiririra faira rese rekuteerera.
- Izvo zvinowanzozivikanwa zvishoma kudzika zviyero ndeye 16-bit uye 24-bit. Iyo yakawanda bhiti inoshandiswa, iyo yakakura iyo faira yekurira, uye yakakwirira mhando kana kugadzirisa iyo ichave.
- CD audio inotsanangurwa se 16-bit medium, nepo maDVD anogona kuridza 16, 20 kana 24 bit audio.
Bit Kudzika seCreative Parameter
Kudzika zvishoma haingori tekinoroji izwi - rinogona zvakare kushandiswa seyekugadzira parameter. Semuyenzaniso, kune mhando yese yemumhanzi wemagetsi unonzi Chiptune unotevedzera manzwirwo aiitwa odhiyo kana ichiridzwa pazvizvarwa zvekare zvemakomputa ane 8-bit processors.
Saka kana iwe uchitsvaga kuwedzera zvishoma ye-lo-fi flavour kune ruzha rwako, kudzika zvishoma chinhu chekufunga nezvacho. Ingo rangarira kuti mabhiti akawanda anoshandiswa, iyo yakakura faira renzwi uye yakakwirira mhando kana kugadzirisa kwachave.
mhedziso
Iye zvino iwe unoziva zvese nezve redhiyo chiratidzo seREPRESENTATION yeruzha sechiratidzo muchimiro chemagetsi kana mechanical vibrations. Manzwiro atinoita mimhanzi uye kuti tinorekodha sei. Ndiwo matauriro atinoita nawo nevamwe uye nekunakidzwa kwatinoita nawo pamidziyo yedu.
Saka, usatya kutanga nazvo uye unakirwe!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
