Chii chinonzi digital audio? Uyu mubvunzo vazhinji vedu takazvibvunza pane imwe nguva, uye haisi mhinduro iri nyore.
Digital odhiyo inomiririra inonzwika mudhijitari fomati. Iyo inzira yekuchengeta, kushandura, uye kutumira masaini masaini mune yedhijitari fomu kupesana neanalogi. Iko kufambira mberi kukuru mune tekinoroji yekuteerera.
Muchinyorwa chino, ini ndichatsanangura chinonzi dhijitari odhiyo, kuti yakasiyana sei neanalogi odhiyo, uye kuti inoshandurwa sei nzira yatinorekodha, kuchengeta, uye kuteerera odhiyo.
tsananguro
Chii chinonzi Digital Audio?
Digital odhiyo inoreva kumiririra kweruzha mumhando yedhijitari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masaisai eruzha anoshandurwa kuita nhevedzano yenhamba dzinogona kuchengetwa, kudzorwa, uye kufambiswa uchishandisa tekinoroji.
Digital Audio Inogadzirwa sei?
Digital odhiyo inogadzirwa nekutora akangwara masampuli eanalog ruzha wave panguva dzenguva dzose. Aya masampuli anobva amiririrwa senhevedzano yenhamba, iyo inogona kuchengetwa uye kushandiswa uchishandisa dhijitari tekinoroji.
Ndezvipi Zvakanakira Digital Audio?
Kuwanikwa kwemichina yemazuva ano kwakaderedza zvakanyanya mari inobatanidza kurekodha uye kugovera mimhanzi. Izvi zvaita kuti zvive nyore kune vaimbi vakazvimiririra kuti vagovane mimhanzi yavo nenyika. Digital audio rekodhi inogona kugoverwa uye kutengeswa semafaira, kubvisa kudiwa kwemakopi emuviri serekodhi kana makaseti. Mutengi anogamuchira masevhisi akakurumbira ekutepfenyura seApple Music kana Spotify inopa mukana wenguva pfupi kune zvinomiririra mamirioni enziyo.
Iko Kushanduka kweDigital Audio: Nhoroondo Pfupi
Kubva Mechanical Waves kusvika Digital Signatures
- Nhoroondo yedhijitari redhiyo inogona kurondwa kumashure kuzana ramakore rechi 19 apo michina yemagetsi senge tin nemasilinda ewakisi zvakashandiswa kurekodha nekutamba zvinonzwika.
- Masilinda aya aive akanyatsotemerwa nema grooves aiunganidza nekugadziridza shanduko yemhepo yemhepo muchimiro chemagetsi masaisai.
- Kuuya kwemagiramufoni uye gare gare, matepi ekaseti, kwakaita kuti vateereri vakwanise kunakidzwa nemimhanzi pasina kupinda mitambo yepamhepo.
- Zvisinei, kunaka kweizvi zvakarekodhwa kwakanga kwakaganhurirwa uye manzwi aiwanzomonyaniswa kana kurasika nokufamba kwenguva.
Iyo BBC Kuedza uye Kuzvarwa kweDigital Audio
- Mumakore ekuma1960, BBC yakatanga kuyedza nehurongwa hutsva hwekutepfenyura hwaibatanidza nhepfenyuro yayo kunzvimbo dziri kure.
- Izvi zvaida kugadzirwa kwemudziyo mutsva waigona kugadzirisa manzwi nenzira iri nyore uye inoshanda.
- Mhinduro yakawanikwa mukuitwa kwedhijitari odhiyo, iyo yakashandisa manhamba akasiyana kumiririra shanduko mumhepo nekufamba kwenguva.
- Izvi zvakagonesa kuchengetedzwa kwechigarire kwechimiro chepakutanga chenzwi, iyo yaimbove isingawaniki, kunyanya pamwero wakaderera.
- Iyo BBC's digital audio system yaive yakavakirwa pakuongororwa kweiyo wave fomu, iyo yakatorwa nechiyero chechuru pasekondi uye yakapihwa yakasarudzika bhanari kodhi.
- Ichi chinyorwa chenzwi chakagonesa nyanzvi kugadzira patsva ruzha rwekutanga nekuvaka mudziyo unogona kuverenga nekududzira kodhi yebhinari.
Kufambira mberi uye Kuvandudzwa muDigital Audio
- Kuburitswa kweiyo inotengeswa yedhijitari rekodha rekodhi muma1980s kwakaratidza danho rakakura kumberi mumunda wedhijitari.
- Iyi analogi-kune-dhijitari inoshandura inochengeta ruzha mudhijitari fomati yaigona kuchengetwa uye kushandiswa pamakomputa.
- Iyo VHS tepi fomati yakazoenderera mberi nemaitiro aya, uye odhiyo yedhijitari yakabva yashandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mimhanzi, firimu, uye terevhizheni.
- Iko kuenderera mberi kwetekinoroji uye hunyanzvi husingagumi mudhijitari odhiyo zvakatungamira mukugadzirwa kwemasaisai akasiyana ekugadzirisa ruzha uye nzira dzekuchengetedza.
- Nhasi, siginicha yedhijitari yedhijitari inoshandiswa kuchengetedza nekuongorora manzwi nenzira yaimbove isingawanikwe, zvichiita kuti kunakidzwa nemhando yeruzha isingaenzaniswi yaimbove isingagoneki kuwana.
Digital Audio Technologies
Kurekodha uye Kuchengetedza Technologies
Digital odhiyo matekinoroji achinja nzira yatinorekodha nekuchengetedza odhiyo. Mamwe ematekinoroji anozivikanwa anosanganisira:
- Hard disk kurekodha: Odhiyo inorekodhwa uye kuchengetwa pane hard drive, ichibvumira kugadzirisa nyore uye kushandura mafaira ekuteerera.
- Digital audio tepi (DAT): Idhijitari yekurekodha fomati inoshandisa magineti tepi kuchengetedza odhiyo data.
- CD, DVD, uye Blu-ray discs: Aya madhisiki ekuona anogona kuchengeta huwandu hukuru hwedhijitari odhiyo data uye anowanzoshandiswa pakugovera mimhanzi nemavhidhiyo.
- Minidisc: Idiki, inotakurika dhisiki fomati yaive yakakurumbira muma1990 uye kutanga kwa2000s.
- Super Audio CD (SACD): Yakakwira-resolution odhiyo fomati inoshandisa yakakosha dhisiki uye mutambi kuti iwane zviri nani ruzha rwemhando kupfuura akajairwa maCD.
Playback Technologies
Digital odhiyo mafaera anogona kuridzwa kumashure uchishandisa akasiyana matekinoroji, anosanganisira:
- Makomputa: Mafaira edhijitari anogona kuridzwa zvakare pamakomputa uchishandisa media player software.
- Digital audio player: Midziyo inotakurika senge iPods uye ma smartphones anogona kuridza kumashure edhijitari mafaira.
- Workstationdigital audio workstations: Professional audio software inoshandiswa kurekodha, kugadzirisa, uye kusanganisa madhijitari.
- Standard CD vatambi: Vatambi ava vanogona kuridza kumashure akajairwa maCD maCD, anoshandisa tekinoroji yedhijitari.
Broadcasting uye Radio Technologies
Digital odhiyo matekinoroji akavewo nekukanganisa kukuru pakutepfenyura neredhiyo. Mamwe ematekinoroji anozivikanwa anosanganisira:
- HD Radio: Tekinoroji yeredhiyo yedhijitari inobvumira ruzha rwemhando yepamusoro uye mamwe maficha senge rwiyo uye ruzivo rwemuimbi.
- Mondiale: Chiyero chekutepfenyura chedhijitari chinoshandiswa muEurope nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.
- Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yedhijitari: Nhepfenyuro zhinji dzeredhiyo dzava kutepfenyura mumhando yedhijitari, zvichibvumira kunaka kweruzha uye mamwe maficha senge rwiyo uye ruzivo rwemuimbi.
Maodhiyo Mafomati uye Hunhu
Digital audio mafaira anogona kuchengetwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira:
- MP3: Iyo yakamanikidzwa odhiyo fomati inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugovera mimhanzi.
- WAV: Iyo isina kudzvanywa odhiyo fomati iyo inowanzo shandiswa kune nyanzvi yekuteerera maapplication.
- FLAC: Iyo isingarasikirwe odhiyo fomati inopa yemhando yepamusoro ruzha pasina kupira saizi yefaira.
Hunhu hwedhijitari odhiyo hunoyerwa nekugadziriswa kwayo nekudzika kwayo. Iyo yakakwirira resolution uye kudzika, zviri nani ruzha rwemhando. Zvimwe zvakajairika zvigadziriso uye zvakadzama zvinosanganisira:
- 16-bit/44.1kHz: CD mhando odhiyo.
- 24-bit/96kHz: High-resolution odhiyo.
- 32-bit/192kHz: Studio-mhando yekuteerera.
Zvishandiso zveDigital Audio Technologies
Digital odhiyo matekinoroji ane huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa, kusanganisira:
- Kugadzira kurira kwekonzati yakakwana: Dhijitari tekinoroji tekinoroji inobvumira kunyatso kudzora pamusoro pemazinga eruzha uye mhando, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuwana ruzha rwakakwana mumaseti ekonzati mhenyu.
- Vaimbi vakazvimiririra: Tekinoroji dzedhijitari dzakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti maartist akazvimirira kurekodha uye kugovera mimhanzi yavo pasina kudiwa kwerekodhi rekodhi.
- Redhiyo nekutepfenyura: Tekinoroji dzedhijitari dzakabvumira ruzha rwemhando yepamusoro uye mamwe maficha muredhiyo nekutepfenyura.
- Kugadzirwa kwemafirimu nemavhidhiyo: Digital odhiyo matekinoroji anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira firimu nemavhidhiyo kurekodha nekugadzirisa maredhiyo.
- Kushandisa pachedu: Tekinoroji dzedhijitari dzakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vagadzire uye vagovane mimhanzi yavo nemarekodhi ekurekodha.
Digital Sampling
Chii chinonzi Sampling?
Sampling inzira yekushandura mimhanzi kana chero imwe soundwave kuita yedhijitari fomati. Kuita uku kunosanganisira kutora snapshots yenguva dzose yeinzwi pane imwe nguva nenguva uye kuishandura kuita data redhijitari. Hurefu hweaya snapshots hunotaridza kunaka kweinobuda digital audio.
Mashandiro Anoita Sampling
Sampling inosanganisira yakakosha software inoshandura analog soundwave kuita yedhijitari fomati. Iyo software inotora snapshots eiyo soundwave pane imwe nguva nenguva, uye izvi snapshots zvinobva zvashandurwa kuita data redhijitari. Iyo inokonzeresa yedhijitari odhiyo inogona kuchengetwa pane akasiyana ma mediums senge discs, hard drive, kana kutotorwa kubva painternet.
Sampling Rate uye Hunhu
Hunhu hweiyo sampled odhiyo hunoenderana nechiyero chesampling, inova nhamba yezvimedu zvinotorwa pasekondi. Iyo yakakwira chiyero chesampling, inova nani mhando yezvinobuda digital audio. Nekudaro, mwero wesampling wepamusoro unorevawo kuti nzvimbo yakawanda inotorwa panzvimbo yekuchengetera.
Kudzvinyirira uye Kutendeuka
Kukodzera mafaira makuru ekuteerera pane inotakurika svikiro kana kuadhawunirodha kubva painternet, compression inowanzoshandiswa. Kudzvanya kunosanganisira kusarudza zvimwe frequency uye maharmonics ekugadzirisa zvakare sampled soundwave, achisiya yakawanda wiggle kamuri yekuti ruzha chairwo ruitwezve. Iyi nzira haina kukwana, uye rumwe ruzivo rwakarasika mukumanikidza.
Zvishandiso zveSampling
Sampling inoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, sekugadzira mimhanzi, ruzha, uye kunyange mukugadzirwa kwevhidhiyo. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira dhijitari odhiyo yeFM radio, camcorder, uye kunyange mamwe ecanon kamera shanduro. Sampling inokurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe zvakajairika, asi pakushandisa zvakanyanya, mwero wesampling wepamusoro unokurudzirwa.
Interfaces
Chii chinonzi audio interfaces?
Audio interfaces zvishandiso zvinoshandura analog masaini masaini kubva kumakrofoni uye zviridzwa kuita masaini edhijitari anogona kugadziriswa nesoftware pakombuta. Ivo zvakare vanofambisa masaini edhijitari kubva pakombuta kuenda kumahedhifoni, studio monitors, uye mamwe maperipheral. Kune akawanda marudzi akasiyana eaudio interfaces aripo, asi yakajairika uye yepasirese mhando ndiyo USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface.
Sei uchida redhiyo interface?
Kana iwe uchimhanyisa odhiyo software pakombuta yako uye uchida kurekodha kana kutamba kumashure emhando yepamusoro odhiyo, iwe unozoda odhiyo interface. Mazhinji makomputa ane yakavakirwa-mukati maodhiyo interface, asi aya anowanzo akanaka ekutanga uye haape yakanakisa mhando. Yekunze odhiyo interface inokupa iwe zvirinani ruzha rwemhando, zvimwe zvinopinda uye zvinobuda, uye kwakawanda kutonga pamusoro peaudio yako.
Ndedzipi shanduro dzichangoburwa dzeaudio interfaces?
Iwo azvino vhezheni eaudio interfaces anowanikwa muzvitoro zvinotengesa mimhanzi michina. Iwo akachipa zvakachipa mazuva ano uye iwe unogona kukurumidza kusundira kunze masheya ekare. Zviripachena, nekukurumidza iwe kwaunoda kutenga, iyo inokurumidza iwe yaunogona kuwana yazvino vhezheni yeaudio interfaces.
Digital Audio Hunhu
ziviso
Kana zvasvika kune digital audio, mhando chinhu chakakosha. Iyo inomiririra yedhijitari yemasaini masaini inowanikwa kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi sampling, ayo anosanganisira anoenderera mberi eanalog masaini uye achiashandura kuita manhamba. Kuita uku kwakashandura mabatiro atinoita, kunyengedza, uye kuburitsa ruzha, asi zvinounza matambudziko matsva uye kufunga nezvemhando yekuteerera.
Sampling uye Frequencies
Musimboti wekutanga wedhijitari odhiyo kutora uye kumiririra ruzha senge nhevedzano yenhamba dzenhamba, iyo inogona kushandiswa nekugadziriswa uchishandisa software application. Hunhu hwedhijitari odhiyo hunoenderana nekuti izvi zvakakosha zvinomiririra zvakadii ruzha rwepakutanga. Izvi zvinotemerwa nechiyero chesampling, inova nhamba yenguva pasekondi iyo iyo analogi chiratidzo inoyerwa uye inoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chedhijitari.
Mimhanzi yemazuva ano inowanzoshandisa sampling rate ye44.1 kHz, zvinoreva kuti siginecha yeanalogi inotorwa ka44,100 pasekondi. Uyu ndiwo muyero wakafanana wesampling unoshandiswa kumaCD, ari svikiro rakajairwa pakugovera odhiyo yedhijitari. Yakakwira sampling mitengo, senge 96 kHz kana 192 kHz, iripo zvakare uye inogona kupa mhando iri nani, asi inodawo imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetera uye kugadzirisa simba.
Digital Signal Encoding
Kana iyo analogi chiratidzo ichinge yatorwa, inoiswa muchiratidzo chedhijitari uchishandisa maitiro anonzi pulse-code modulation (PCM). PCM inomiririra kukura kwechiratidzo cheanalogi pane imwe neimwe sampling point sehuwandu hwenhamba, iyo inozochengetwa senhevedzano yemabhinari manhamba (bits). Huwandu hwemabhiti anoshandiswa kumiririra sampuli yega yega inosarudza hudzamu hudiki, hunokanganisa dhizaini renji uye kugadzirisa kwedhijitari odhiyo.
Semuenzaniso, CD rinoshandisa kudzika zvishoma kwegumi nematanhatu, izvo zvinogona kumiririra 16 akasiyana amplitude mazinga. Izvi zvinopa huwandu hunochinja hunosvika 65,536 dB, iyo inokwanirana nenzvimbo zhinji dzekuteerera. Kudzika kwakadzika kwepamusoro, senge 96 bits kana 24 bits, inogona kupa kunyangwe mhando iri nani uye ine simba renji, asi inodawo imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye simba rekugadzirisa.
Digital Audio Manipulation
Imwe yemabhenefiti edhijitari odhiyo kugona kubata uye kugadzirisa chiratidzo uchishandisa software application. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kugadzirisa, kusanganisa, kushandisa mhedzisiro, uye kutevedzera nharaunda dzakasiyana. Nekudaro, aya maitiro anogona zvakare kukanganisa kunaka kweiyo digital audio.
Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kana shanduko kune odhiyo siginecha inogona kukanganisa kunaka kana kuunza zvigadzirwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zvinogumira uye kugona kwesoftware iri kushandiswa, pamwe nezvinodiwa chaizvo zveprojekiti yekuteerera.
Yakazvimiririra Mimhanzi Kugadzirwa neDigital Audio
Kubva kuChunky Decks kuenda kune Affordable Equipment
Kwapera mazuva apo kurekodha mimhanzi nehunyanzvi kwaireva kuisa mari mumachunky decks uye michina inodhura. Nekuuya kwemaodhiyo edhijitari, maartist akazvimirira pasi rese anogona kuita mimhanzi mumasitudhiyo epamba zuva rega rega. Kuwanikwa kwemidziyo inodhura kwakachinja zvakanyanya indasitiri yemimhanzi, zvichiita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune vaimbi vanogona ikozvino kugadzira mimhanzi yavo pasina kuparara.
Kunzwisisa Digital Audio Hunhu
Digital odhiyo inzira yekurekodha soundwaves sedhijitari data. Kugadziriswa uye sampuli chiyero chedhijitari odhiyo inokanganisa kunaka kweruzha. Heino nhoroondo pfupi yekuti madhijitari odhiyo mhando yakashanduka sei mumakore apfuura:
- Mumazuva ekutanga edhijitari odhiyo, iwo emuenzaniso mareti aive akaderera, zvichikonzera hurombo hwehuzha.
- Sezvo tekinoroji yakavandudzwa, zviyero zvemuenzaniso zvakawedzera, zvichikonzera kunaka kwenzwi riri nani.
- Nhasi, mhando yedhijitari yedhijitari yakakwira zvinoshamisa, iine sampuli mareti uye kudzika zvishoma kunobata nemafungu enzwi.
Kurekodha uye Kugadzira Digital Audio
Kurekodha odhiyo yedhijitari, vaimbi vanoshandisa makiyibhodhi akazvimirira, zviridzwa zviridzwa, software synthesizer, uye FX plugins. Maitiro ekurekodha anosanganisira kushandura masaini eanalog kuita data redhijitari uchishandisa analog-to-digital converters. Iyo data yedhijitari inozochengetwa semafaira pakombuta. Ukuru hwemafaira hunoenderana nekugadziriswa uye sampuli chiyero chekurekodha.
Latency uye Kugadzira
Latency ndiko kunonoka pakati pekuisa inzwi nekugadzirisa kwayo. In kugadzirwa kwemimhanzi, latency inogona kuva dambudziko paunenge uchinyora multitracks kana stems. Kuti udzivise latency, vaimbi vanovimba ne-low-latency audio interfaces uye processors. Dhijitari data masaini anogadziriswa kuburikidza nedunhu, iro rinogadzira waveform mufananidzo wezwi. Uyu waveform mufananidzo unozovakwa patsva kuita ruzha nemudziyo wekutamba.
Distortions uye Dynamic Range
Digital odhiyo ine yakakwira simba renji, zvinoreva kuti inogona kunyatso tora iyo yakazara huwandu hwekurira. Nekudaro, odhiyo yedhijitari inogona zvakare kutambura nekukanganiswa, sekucheka uye quantization kukanganisa. Clipping inoitika kana iyo yekuisa chiratidzo ichipfuura headroom yedhijitari system, zvichikonzera kukanganisa. Quantization kukanganisa kunoitika kana iyo dhijitari system inotenderedza chiratidzo kuti ikwane muzvikamu zvakaomarara, ichidhinda zvisirizvo pane dzimwe nguva nenguva.
Social Distribution Platforms
Nekusimuka kwemapuratifomu ekugovera magariro, vaimbi vakazvimiririra vanogona ikozvino kugovera mimhanzi yavo kune vateereri vepasirese pasina kudiwa kwerekodhi rekodhi. Aya mapuratifomu anobvumira vaimbi kuti vaise mimhanzi yavo uye vagovane nevanotevera. Democratization yekugovera mimhanzi yakagadzira shanduko yechokwadi yetekinoroji, ichipa vaimbi rusununguko rwekugadzira uye kugovera mimhanzi yavo nenyika.
mhedziso
Saka ipapo iwe unayo, zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve digital audio muchidimbu. Digital odhiyo ndiyo inomiririra yeruzha seyakasarudzika manhamba makoshero, kwete seanoenderera emuviri masaisai.
Dhijitari redhiyo yakasandura nzira yatinorekodha, kuchengeta, kunyengedza, uye kuteerera mimhanzi. Saka, usatya kunyura mukati uye unakirwe nemabhenefiti eiyi tekinoroji inoshamisa!
Ini ndini Joost Nusselder, muvambi weNeaera uye mushambadzi wemukati, baba, uye ndinoda kuyedza michina mitsva ine gitare pamoyo pechido changu, uye pamwe nechikwata changu, ndanga ndichigadzira zvakadzama zvinyorwa zveblog kubva 2020. kubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nekurekodha nemagitare.
