Uhf ndi chiyani? Mwina munamvapo kale ndikudabwa kuti ndi chiyani.
Ultra high frequency (UHF) ndiye dzina la ITU la ma wayilesi pakati pa 300 MHz ndi 3 GHz, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti gulu la decimetre monga kutalika kwa mafunde kumayambira pa decimetres imodzi mpaka khumi. Mafunde a wailesi okhala ndi ma frequency pamwamba pa gulu la UHF amagwera mu SHF (ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri) kapena ma frequency a microwave. Zizindikiro zotsika pafupipafupi zimagwera mu VHF (ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri) kapena magulu otsika. Mafunde a wailesi ya UHF amafalikira makamaka ndi mawonekedwe; ali otsekedwa ndi mapiri ndi nyumba zazikulu ngakhale kuti kufalikira kudzera m'makoma omanga ndi okwera mokwanira kuti alandire m'nyumba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa pawailesi yakanema, mafoni opanda zingwe, ma walkie-talkies, mawayilesi amtundu wa satellite, mafoni am'manja ndi mapulogalamu ena ambiri. IEEE imatanthauzira gulu la radar la UHF ngati ma frequency pakati pa 300 MHz ndi 1 GHz. Magulu ena awiri a radar a IEEE amadutsa gulu la ITU UHF: L band pakati pa 1 ndi 2 GHz ndi S band pakati pa 2 ndi 4 GHz.
M'nkhaniyi, ndifotokoza zomwe uhf ndi, momwe imagwirira ntchito, ndi zina mwazogwiritsa ntchito. Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe!
Kufalitsa Makhalidwe a UHF Radio Waves
Makhalidwe amafalitsidwe amatanthauza momwe mafunde a wailesi amayendera mumlengalenga komanso kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe. Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe amenewa n'kofunika pakupanga ndi kugwira ntchito mafoni njira zolankhulirana bwino.
Kodi UHF Waves Amayenda Bwanji?
Mafunde a UHF, monganso mafunde onse a wailesi, amayenda mumlengalenga pa liwiro la kuwala. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mafunde afupipafupi a HF, mafunde a UHF samawonetsedwa ndi ionosphere ndipo chifukwa chake amangokhala kulumikizana kwa mzere wamaso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mafunde a UHF amatha kuyenda molunjika ndipo amatsekedwa ndi zopinga monga nyumba, mapiri, ndi mitengo.
Mphamvu ndi Mawonekedwe a Voliyumu
Mafunde a UHF ali ndi mphamvu pang'ono ndi voliyumu poyerekeza ndi mafunde otsika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma siginecha a UHF sangathe kulowa zopinga ndipo amatha kusokonezedwa ndi zida zina zopanda zingwe zomwe zimagwira ma frequency band omwewo.
Kusesa kwa Channel ndi Makhalidwe Afupipafupi
Mafunde a UHF ali ndi kusesa pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe afupipafupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayendedwe a UHF ndi opapatiza ndipo amatha kuthandizira bandwidth pang'ono. Zotsatira zake, njira zoyankhulirana zopanda zingwe za UHF nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi anthu komanso kugawana nawo, monga ma walkie-talkies, maikolofoni opanda zingwe, ndi zida zowongolera kutali.
Antennas
Antennas ndi zida zomwe zimathandizira kutumiza ndi kulandira ma siginecha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zizindikiro pamtunda wautali, kudzera m'nyumba, ndi kuzungulira zopinga. Antennas amagwira ntchito potembenuza ma siginecha amagetsi kukhala mafunde a electromagnetic ndi mosemphanitsa. Zizindikiro zimatengedwa mumlengalenga, ndipo mlongoti umawalandira kapena kuwatumiza.
Mitundu ya Antennas
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga zomwe zimapezeka pamsika, ndipo iliyonse idapangidwa ndi cholinga chake. Ena mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya tinyanga ndi:
- Ma Antennas Omnidirectional: Tinyanga izi zimatumiza ndikulandila zidziwitso mbali zonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poulutsa ma TV ndi ma wailesi.
- Directional Antennas: Tinyanga izi zimatumiza ndikulandila zidziwitso kunjira inayake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mafoni komanso m'malo omwe chizindikiro champhamvu chimafunikira.
- Dipole Antennas: Tinyanga izi ndi zosavuta komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa. Amapezeka kawirikawiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono asayansi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira zizindikiro pamtunda waufupi.
- Dish Antennas: Tinyanga izi zimagwiritsa ntchito chowunikira kuti chiwonjezere kupindula kwa mlongoti. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizana ndi satellite komanso m'malo omwe chizindikiro champhamvu chimafunikira.
UHF vs. VHF Antennas
Kusankha pakati pa tinyanga ta UHF ndi VHF kumatengera ma frequency a siginecha ndi mtundu wofunikira. Nyanga za UHF zili ndi utali waufupi ndipo ndi oyenerera kunyamula ma siginecha pa mtunda waufupi. Tinyanga za VHF zili ndi utali wautali wa mafunde ndipo ndi oyenerera kunyamula ma siginali mtunda wautali.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Magwiridwe a Antenna
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito a mlongoti, kuphatikiza:
- Kutalika kwa mlongoti: Mlongoti wapamwamba umathandizira kulandira ndi kutumiza ma siginecha bwino.
- Mlingo wa mlongoti: Mlingo wa mlongoti ungakhudze mwayi wosokoneza komanso mtundu wa chizindikiro.
- Kukhudzika kwa mlongoti: Mlongoti womvera kwambiri umathandizira kulandila ma siginecha bwino.
- Mphamvu ya siginecha: Chizindikiro champhamvu kwambiri chimathandizira kutumiza ma siginecha bwino.
- Mzere wowonera: Mlongoti umafunika mzere wowonekera bwino pa nsanja yotumizira kapena kulandira.
- Makhazikitsidwe: Mlongoti uyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamalo oyenera kuti athe kutumiza ndi kulandira ma siginolo omveka bwino.
- Madzi omwe ali mumlengalenga: Madzi amatha kusokoneza chizindikiro ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya chizindikiro.
Kupeza kwa Antenna ndi dB
Kupeza kwa mlongoti ndi muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamasinthidwe zomwe mlongoti umapereka. Amayezedwa ndi ma decibel (dB). Mlongoti wopindula kwambiri upereka chizindikiro chabwinoko kuposa mlongoti wopeza wotsika.
Mitundu ya Simplex ndi Duplex
Simplex mode ndi njira yolankhulirana kumene chizindikirocho chimaperekedwa ndikulandiridwa pafupipafupi. Duplex mode ndi njira yolankhulirana komwe siginecha imatumizidwa ndikulandilidwa pama frequency osiyanasiyana.
Repeater Antennas
Ma antennas obwereza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa siginecha. Amalandira chizindikiro chofooka ndikuchitumizanso pa mphamvu yapamwamba kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho.
Mapulogalamu
UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazolankhulirana zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha zabwino zake kuposa VHF. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe UHF amagwiritsa ntchito polumikizana ndi:
- Chitetezo Pagulu: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi anthu, kuphatikiza apolisi, ozimitsa moto, ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi. UHF imalola kulumikizana kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe kuli koyenera kumadera akumatauni komwe nyumba zimatha kulepheretsa ma signature. Mawayilesi a trunked nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulola mabungwe angapo kugawana mawayilesi ofanana.
- Mafoni am'manja: Ma frequency a UHF amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama foni am'manja, kuphatikiza maukonde a GSM ndi UMTS. Maukondewa amalola kutumiza mawu ndi deta, komanso mautumiki owonjezera monga kutumizirana mameseji ndi intaneti.
- Maukonde opanda zingwe: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki opanda zingwe, kuphatikiza Wi-Fi ndi Bluetooth. Maukondewa amalola zida kulumikizidwa popanda kufunikira kwa zingwe kapena zingwe.
- Kulankhulana kwa satellite: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi satellite, kuphatikiza ma GPS ndi mafoni a satana. Zipangizozi zimalola kuti anthu azilankhulana m’madera akutali kumene njira zachikhalidwe zoyankhulirana sizingakhalepo.
Kusakaza
UHF imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwulutsa, kuphatikiza wailesi yakanema ndi wailesi. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe UHF amagwiritsa ntchito pakuwulutsa ndi:
- Wailesi yakanema: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa pawayilesi wa digito, zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale njira zapamwamba komanso zambiri kuposa kuwulutsa kwa analogi. UHF imagwiritsidwanso ntchito powulutsa pawailesi yakanema kwambiri (HDTV).
- Wailesi: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pawailesi yamasewera, yomwe imatchedwanso ham radio. Izi zimalola kulumikizana pakati pa ma radio amateur omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a UHF. UHF imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pama foni opanda zingwe ndi mafoni a DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications).
Asilikali ndi Boma
UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali ndi boma pazolinga zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:
- Kulankhulana kochokera kumtunda: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana pamtunda, kuphatikiza kulumikizana pakati pa magulu ankhondo ndi mabungwe aboma.
- Radar ndi kutsatira: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pama radar ndi makina otsata, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wobisa.
- Kulankhulana kwa satellite: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana pa satellite ndi asitikali ndi boma.
Mapulogalamu Ena
UHF ili ndi ntchito zina zambiri, kuphatikiza:
- Mawayilesi amunthu: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamawayilesi amunthu, kuphatikiza mawayilesi amtundu wina komanso mawayilesi anjira ziwiri. Zida zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja monga kumanga msasa ndi kukwera maulendo.
- Zipangizo zamakompyuta: UHF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamakompyuta, kuphatikiza ma tag a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) ndi zida za NFC (Near Field Communication).
- Tinyanga: Nyanga za UHF zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira ma siginecha a UHF. Tinyanga izi zimapezeka m'makulidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza tinyanga zonyamulika komanso zoyambira.
- Spectrum reallocation: ma frequency a UHF akusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa ma sipekitiramu owonjezera a ntchito zopanda zingwe. Izi zikuphatikizanso kuchepa kwa ma frequency owulutsira a UHF komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa UHF pamasewera opanda zingwe.
UHF ndi VHF: Ndani Amazigwiritsa Ntchito?
Tisanadumphe kuti ndani amagwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a UHF ndi VHF, tiyeni timvetsetse mwachangu zomwe ali. UHF imayimira Ultra High Frequency, ndipo VHF imayimira Very High Frequency. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa ndi maulendo afupipafupi omwe amagwira ntchito. Mawailesi a UHF amagwira ntchito mu 400-512 MHz, pamene mawailesi a VHF amagwira ntchito mu 136-174 MHz. Ma frequency osiyanasiyana amakhudza kuchuluka kwa ma siginecha ndi kuthekera kolowera kwa ma wayilesi.
Ndani Amagwiritsa Ntchito Mawayilesi a UHF?
- Ogwira ntchito yomanga: Mawayilesi a UHF amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo omanga chifukwa chotha kulowa mnyumba ndi zomanga. Amakhalanso abwino polankhulana m'malo aphokoso.
- Mafakitale: Mawayilesi a UHF amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kupanga, mayendedwe, ndi zinthu. Iwo ndi angwiro kuti azilankhulana mkati mwa dera lalikulu ndipo amapangidwa kuti athe kupirira malo ovuta.
- Ntchito zaboma: Mawayilesi a UHF amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri monga apolisi, ozimitsa moto, ndi zithandizo zadzidzidzi. Amapereka chitetezo chokwanira komanso chinsinsi kuposa mawayilesi a VHF.
- Ntchito zamalonda: Mawayilesi a UHF amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi malonda monga masitolo ndi malo odyera. Ndiophatikizana komanso osavuta kunyamula, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri polumikizana m'dera laling'ono.
Kodi Muyenera Kusankha uti?
Pankhani yosankha pakati pa wailesi ya UHF ndi VHF, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira:
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma sigino: Mawayilesi a UHF amapereka njira yayifupi koma yolowera bwino, pomwe mawayilesi a VHF amapereka utali wautali koma amatha kukhala ndi vuto lolowera mnyumba ndi zomanga.
- Moyo wa batri: Mawayilesi a UHF nthawi zambiri amafuna kukula kwa batire laling'ono ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa mawayilesi a VHF.
- Mtengo: Mawayilesi a UHF nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa mawayilesi a VHF chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma frequency awo komanso kapangidwe kake.
- Zofuna zenizeni: Kutengera zosowa zanu zenizeni, mutha kupeza kuti mtundu umodzi wa wailesi ndi wokwanira kwa inu kuposa wina.
Pamapeto pake, kusankha pakati pa wailesi ya UHF ndi VHF kumatengera mtundu wa ntchito yomwe mumagwira komanso malo omwe mumagwira.
Kusankha Pakati pa VHF ndi UHF Frequency
- Ma frequency a VHF amapereka bandwidth yotakata, kutanthauza kuti amatha kutumiza zambiri nthawi imodzi.
- Ma frequency a VHF ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panja komanso kugwira ntchito mtunda wautali.
- Ma frequency a VHF samakonda kusokonezedwa ndi zida zina.
- Mawayilesi a VHF nthawi zambiri amapereka ma siginoloji apamwamba kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito pamalo otseguka.
Kutsiliza
Chifukwa chake muli nazo, uhf imayimira Ultra High Frequency ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi wailesi. Ndi yabwino kwa mauthenga apawekha komanso ogawana nawo, koma osati abwino kwambiri pamasinthidwe akutali. Koma musadandaule, palinso ma frequency ena. Kotero, tsopano mukudziwa!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
