Mutha kudziwa za ma radio frequency, koma mukudziwa ndendende zomwe zili?
Mafunde a wailesi ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana a electromagnetic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana, ndipo ali ponseponse. Simungawaone, koma ndiukadaulo womwe umathandizira mawailesi athu, ma TV, mafoni am'manja, ndi zina zambiri.
Mu bukhuli, tikambirana za ma frequency a wailesi, momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kodi ma radio frequency ndi ati?
Mawayilesi (RF) ndi mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amazungulira pamlingo wamagetsi amagetsi ndi magetsi, kupanga gawo lamagetsi ndi magetsi.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pamagetsi amagetsi mpaka kutumiza deta. RF maulendo kuyambira 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz, malire apamwamba amakhala ma frequency amawu ndipo malire otsika amakhala ma frequency a infuraredi.
Mphamvu ya RF imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafunde a wailesi, omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafunde a RF ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osiyana ndi amakono. Ma frequency apansi amawu amasinthasintha pafupipafupi 60 Hz, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, mafunde a RF amatha kulowa mozama mu ma conductor amagetsi, ndipo amakonda kuyenda mozungulira, zomwe zimadziwika kuti khungu.
Mafunde a RF akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, amatha kuyambitsa kumva kowawa komanso kutsika kwa minofu, komanso kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. Mafunde a RF amakhalanso ndi mphamvu yopangira ionize mpweya, kupanga njira yoyendetsera. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri pakuwotcherera arc yamagetsi. Mafunde a RF atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pogawa mphamvu, chifukwa kuthekera kwawo kuwoneka kumayenda m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchingira ngati dielectric insulator kapena capacitor zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pazifukwa izi. RF yapano imakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chowonetsa kutayika kwa chingwe kapena zolumikizira, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lotchedwa mafunde oima. Pofuna kupewa izi, RF yapano nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa bwino kudzera mu mizere yotumizira kapena zingwe za coaxial. Mawayilesi amagawidwa m'magulu, omwe ali ndi mayina wamba omwe amasankhidwa ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU). RF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana, monga ma transmitters, olandila, makompyuta, ma TV, ndi mafoni am'manja. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina onyamulira, kuphatikiza ma telefoni ndi mabwalo owongolera, komanso muukadaulo wophatikizika wa MOS. RF imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazachipatala, monga radiofrequency ablation ndi magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Zida zoyesera za mawayilesi amaphatikiza zida zokhazikika zakumapeto apansi, ndipo ma frequency apamwamba amafunikira zida zapadera zoyesera.
Kodi mbiri ya ma radio frequency ndi iti?
Maulendo a wailesi akhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, koma sizinali mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 pamene adagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana. Mu 1895, Guglielmo Marconi, woyambitsa wa ku Italy, adawonetsa njira yoyamba yopambana yotumizira matelefoni opanda zingwe. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a wailesi polumikizana. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, mawailesi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mawu ndi nyimbo. Wailesi yoyamba yamalonda idakhazikitsidwa mu 1920 ku Detroit, Michigan. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawayilesi ena ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. M’zaka za m’ma 1930, kuulutsa koyamba kwa wailesi yakanema kunayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawailesi a wailesi. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu azionera mapulogalamu a pa TV m’nyumba zawo. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, mawailesi ankatumiza mauthenga achinsinsi pakati pa asilikali. M’zaka za m’ma 1950, setilaiti yoyamba inayambika m’mlengalenga, ndipo inkagwiritsa ntchito mawailesi otumizira mauthenga. Izi zinapangitsa kuti mawilo a wailesi yakanema azitumizidwa kumadera akutali. M’zaka za m’ma 1960, mafoni a m’manja oyambirira anapangidwa, ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito mawailesi oulutsira mawu ndi deta. M’zaka za m’ma 1970, mafoni oyambirira opanda zingwe anapangidwa, ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito mawailesi otumizira mauthenga. Izi zinapangitsa kuti anthu aziyimba foni popanda kufunikira kwa chingwe. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, ma netiweki oyamba am'manja adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi kuti atumize mawu ndi data. Masiku ano, mawayilesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulumikizana, kuyenda, komanso zosangalatsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni am'manja, ma TV a satellite, ndi intaneti yopanda zingwe. Mawayilesi afika patali kuyambira pomwe Marconi adayamba kufalitsa, ndipo akupitilizabe kukhala gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo yathu.
Mitundu ya Mawayilesi pafupipafupi: kHz, GHz, RF
Monga ine, ndikukambilana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawailesi, ntchito zawo zatsiku ndi tsiku, ubwino ndi zovuta zogwirira nawo ntchito, zomwe adzagwiritse ntchito m'tsogolomu, ndi zotsatira zake pa chilengedwe, asilikali, kulankhulana, bizinesi, ndi thanzi. Tiwonanso ntchito ya mawayilesi pagawo lililonse.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawayilesi Tsiku ndi Tsiku: Televizioni, Mafoni am'manja, Makompyuta
Ma radio frequency (RF) ndi mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amayenda mumlengalenga pa liwiro la kuwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga wailesi yakanema, mafoni am'manja, ndi makompyuta. Mafunde a RF ali ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz.
Mapeto apansi amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma frequency a audio, pomwe chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma infrared frequency. Mafunde a RF amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga kuwotcherera arc yamagetsi, kugawa mphamvu, komanso kulowa kwa ma conductor amagetsi. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito polumikizirana, chifukwa amatha kusinthidwa kukhala kuwala kwa wailesi ndi mafunde amawu. Mafunde a RF amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kutalika kwa mafunde ndi ma frequency. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a RF kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina, monga mafunde oyimirira, mawonekedwe a khungu, ndi kuyatsa kwa RF. Mafunde oyimirira amachitika pamene mafunde a RF amayenda kudzera munjira yopatsirana ndikuwonetseredwa mmbuyo, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lotchedwa mafunde oima. Zomwe zimachitika pakhungu ndi chizolowezi cha mafunde a RF kulowa mozama mu ma conductor amagetsi, pomwe kuyaka kwa RF kumakhala kuyaka kwachiphamaso komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a RF mthupi. Tsogolo la mafunde a RF likulonjeza, ndikupanga makina onyamula, ukadaulo wophatikizika wozungulira, komanso matelefoni opanda zingwe. Mafunde a RF akugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi mawayilesi ndipo akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lankhondo potchula ma wailesi ndi ma frequency. Mafunde a RF ali ndi ntchito zambiri zamabizinesi, monga telephony, ma control circuits, ndi MRI. Amakhudzanso thanzi, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, kupweteka, opaleshoni yamagetsi, komanso kutulutsa ma radiofrequency. Ponseponse, mafunde a RF ndi gawo lofunikira pa moyo wamakono, ndipo ntchito zawo zikungokulirakulira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana a tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kumangokulirakulira. Zimabweretsa zovuta zina, koma phindu lake limaposa kuopsa kwake.
Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mawayilesi Amagetsi: Kuwotcherera kwa Magetsi Arc, Kugawa Mphamvu, Kulowa kwa Makonda Amagetsi
Mafunde a wailesi ndi mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zatsiku ndi tsiku. Amayezedwa mu kilohertz (kHz), gigahertz (GHz), ndi ma radio frequency (RF). Mawayilesi ali ndi maubwino ambiri, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera arc yamagetsi, kugawa mphamvu, komanso kuthekera kolowera ma conductor amagetsi. Kuwotcherera kwa magetsi ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde othamanga kwambiri kuti apange arc yamagetsi pakati pa zidutswa ziwiri zazitsulo. Arc iyi imasungunula chitsulo ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yolumikizana pamodzi. Kugawa magetsi kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a RF kuti ayende kudutsa ma dielectric insulators ndi capacitor, kulola kuti magetsi agawidwe mtunda wautali.
Mafunde a RF amathanso kulowa mozama mu ma conductor amagetsi, omwe ndi othandiza pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, pali zovuta zina mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma radio frequency. Mafunde oyimilira amapezeka pamene mafunde a RF amayendetsedwa kudzera mu zingwe zamagetsi wamba, ndipo amatha kusokoneza kaperekedwe ka ma siginecha. Khungu ndi vuto linanso, chifukwa mafunde a RF omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi amatha kubweretsa zowawa komanso kugundana kwaminofu.
Kuwotcha kwa RF kumathanso kuchitika, komwe kumayaka pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha ionization ya mpweya. Tsogolo la mawayilesi likuwoneka lowala, chifukwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina onyamula, ukadaulo wophatikizika wamagawo, komanso matelefoni opanda zingwe. Ukadaulo uwu wakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe, chifukwa ionization ya mpweya imatha kupanga njira yolumikizira yomwe ingakhale yovulaza anthu ndi nyama. Mawayilesi amakhalanso ndi gawo lalikulu pazankhondo, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa masipekitiramu a wailesi kukhala ma frequency band ndikusankha ma frequency a NATO ndi EU. Mawayilesi amakhalanso ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu pakulankhulana, chifukwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthira kuwala kwa wailesi ndi mafunde amawu kukhala mafunde ndi ma frequency. Pomaliza, ma frequency amawayilesi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pabizinesi pa telefoni, mabwalo owongolera, ndi MRI. Zimakhudzanso thanzi, chifukwa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi ndi kupweteka kumatha chifukwa cha mafunde a RF, ndipo ma electrosurgery ndi radiofrequency ablation angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansa. Ponseponse, ma frequency a wayilesi ndi gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo yathu, ndipo ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera, kugawa mphamvu, kulankhulana, ngakhalenso chithandizo chamankhwala. Pamene luso lamakono likupitilila patsogolo, kugwiritsa ntchito mawailesi a wailesi kudzakhala kofala kwambiri.
Mavuto Ogwira Ntchito ndi Mawayilesi Afupipafupi: Mafunde Oyimilira, Khungu la Khungu, RF Burns
Ma frequency a wailesi ndi ma oscillation amagetsi a makina amakina, kuyambira 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz. Ma frequency awa ndi pafupifupi malire apamwamba a ma frequency amawu komanso malire otsika a ma frequency a infrared. Mafunde a RF ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimagawidwa ndi ma frequency achindunji, koma ocheperako ma frequency frequency alternating current.
Pa 60 Hz, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu zamagetsi, mafunde a RF amatha kuwulukira mumlengalenga ngati mafunde a wailesi. Magwero osiyanasiyana amatchula malire apamwamba ndi apansi osiyanasiyana afupipafupi. Mafunde amagetsi omwe amazungulira pamawayilesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mafunde a RF amatha kulowa mozama mu ma conductor amagetsi ndipo amakonda kuyenderera pamwamba, omwe amadziwika kuti khungu. Mafunde a RF akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, amatha kuyambitsa kumva kowawa komanso kugundana kwaminofu, kapenanso kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.
Mafunde otsika kwambiri amatha kupangitsa kuti minyewa yamitsempha iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde a RF azikhala opanda vuto komanso osatha kuvulaza mkati kapena kuyaka pang'ono, komwe kumadziwika kuti RF. RF yamakono imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yotha kuyatsa mpweya, kupanga njira yoyendetsera. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri pakuwotcherera arc yamagetsi. Mafunde a RF amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu, chifukwa kuthekera kwa RF pakali pano kuwoneka kumayenda m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchingira, monga dielectric insulator kapena capacitor, zimadziwika kuti capacitive reactance.
Mosiyana ndi izi, RF yamagetsi imatsekedwa ndi koyilo kapena kutembenuka kamodzi kwa waya, komwe kumadziwika kuti inductive reactance. Pamene ma frequency akuwonjezeka, capacitive reactance imachepa, ndipo inductive reactance imawonjezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma RF apano amatha kuyendetsedwa kudzera pazingwe zamagetsi wamba, koma chizolowezi chake chowonetsa kutayika kwa chingwe, monga zolumikizira, kungayambitse vuto lotchedwa mafunde oyimirira.
RF yamakono imayendetsedwa bwino kudzera mu mizere yotumizira ndi zingwe za coaxial. Mawayilesi amagawidwa m'magulu, omwe ali ndi mayina wamba omwe amasankhidwa ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Ma frequency omwe ali pansi pa 1 GHz nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma microwave, ndipo ma frequency apakati pa 30 ndi 300 GHz amatchedwa mafunde a millimeter. Magulu atsatanetsatane amaperekedwa mumayendedwe afupipafupi a IEEE malembo-band frequency, ndi NATO ndi EU frequency Mayina.
Maulendo apawailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyankhulirana monga ma transmitter, zolandila, makompyuta, ma TV, ndi mafoni am'manja, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina onyamula, kuphatikiza ma telefoni ndi mabwalo owongolera. Pakuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zolumikizirana ndi mawayilesi opanda zingwe, monga mafoni am'manja, mphamvu ya RF ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala, monga kuchotsera ma radiofrequency. Imaginetic resonance imaging (MRI) imagwiritsanso ntchito mafunde a radio frequency kupanga zithunzi za thupi la munthu.
Zida zoyesera za mawayilesi amaphatikiza zida zokhazikika zakumapeto apansi, ndipo ma frequency apamwamba amafunikira zida zapadera zoyesera.
Tsogolo la Mawayilesi Afupipafupi: Ma Carrier Current Systems, Integrated Circuit Technology, Wireless Telecommunications
Mafunde a wailesi (RF) ndi mafunde amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zatsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira pa wailesi yakanema ndi mafoni am'manja kupita pamakompyuta komanso kugawa mphamvu. Mafunde a RF amapangidwa ndi magetsi osinthika ndi magetsi, ndipo amakhala ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafunde a RF amatha kulowa mozama mu ma conductor amagetsi, ndipo amakonda kuyenda pamwamba pa ma conductor, omwe amadziwika kuti khungu.
Mafunde a RF akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, amatha kuyambitsa kumva kowawa komanso kutsika kwa minofu, komanso kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. Mafunde otsika kwambiri amatha kupangitsa kuti mitsempha iwonongeke, yomwe imatha kukhala yovulaza ndikuvulaza mkati kapena kuyaka pang'ono, komwe kumadziwika kuti RF. Mafunde a RF amathanso kuyimitsa mpweya, kupanga njira yoyendetsera yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagawo apamwamba kwambiri monga kuwotcherera arc yamagetsi. Mafunde a RF amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu, chifukwa amatha kuwoneka ngati akuyenda m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchingira ngati dielectric insulators ndi capacitor. Katunduyu amadziwika kuti capacitive reactance, ndipo amachepetsa pamene ma frequency akuwonjezeka.
Mosiyana ndi izi, mafunde a RF amatsekeredwa ndi ma coils ndi mawaya omwe amatembenukira kamodzi, chifukwa chakuchita kwa inductive, komwe kumawonjezeka ndikuwonjezeka pafupipafupi. Mafunde a RF amatha kuyendetsedwa kudzera pazingwe zamagetsi wamba, koma amakonda kuwonetsa kutha kwa chingwe, monga zolumikizira, ndikubwerera komwe kumachokera, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mafunde oyima. Mafunde a RF amatha kunyamulidwa bwino kudzera mu mizere yotumizira ndi zingwe za coaxial, ndipo ma radio sipekitiramu amagawidwa m'magulu okhala ndi mayina wamba osankhidwa ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Ma frequency ochokera ku 1-30 GHz nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma microwaves, ndipo ma bandi atsatanetsatane amaperekedwa ndi ma frequency a IEEE letter-band frequency and Mayiko a pafupipafupi a EU/NATO. Maulendo a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyankhulirana monga zotumizira mauthenga ndi zolandirira, komanso pamakompyuta, ma TV, ndi mafoni am'manja. Mafunde a RF akugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina onyamula mawayilesi, kuphatikiza ma telephony ndi ma control circuit, ndipo ukadaulo wophatikizika wozungulira ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa zida zoyankhulirana zopanda zingwe zamawayilesi, monga mafoni am'manja. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya RF ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala, monga kutulutsa ma radiofrequency ablation, ndi kujambula kwa maginito (MRI) imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a radio frequency kupanga zithunzi za thupi la munthu. Zida zoyesera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi amaphatikiza zida zomwe zili kumapeto kwenikweni kwamtunduwu, komanso ma frequency apamwamba ndi zida zoyesera zomwe zimakhala zapadera. Ponseponse, ma frequency a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pazida zoyankhulirana kupita kumankhwala azachipatala, ndipo amapereka zabwino ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Pamene luso lamakono likupitilila patsogolo, kugwilitsila nchito mawailesi akuyenela kufala kwambili.
Zotsatira za Mawayilesi Pachilengedwe: Ionization of Air, Radio Wave Pollution
Mawayilesi (RF) ndi ma frequency amagetsi amagetsi ndi ma voltages omwe amapanga ma elekitiromagineti. Magawowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu zida zosiyanasiyana zatsiku ndi tsiku, monga ma TV, mafoni am'manja, ndi makompyuta. RF ilinso ndi ntchito zina zambiri, kuphatikiza kuwotcherera arc yamagetsi, kugawa mphamvu, ndi kulowa kwa ma conductor amagetsi.
Komabe, kugwira ntchito ndi RF kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina, monga mafunde oima, mawonekedwe a khungu, ndi kuyatsa kwa RF. Kugwiritsa ntchito RF kumatha kukhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Chimodzi mwazotsatira zodziwika bwino ndi ionization ya mpweya, yomwe imachitika mafunde a RF akagwiritsidwa ntchito pathupi. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kumva zowawa komanso kugundana kwaminofu, komanso kugwedezeka kwamagetsi komanso kuyaka pang'ono komwe kumatchedwa RF.
Kuphatikiza apo, RF imatha kuyambitsa kuyipitsidwa kwamawayilesi, komwe kumatha kusokoneza ma wayilesi ena ndikusokoneza kulumikizana. Asitikali amagwiritsanso ntchito RF, makamaka chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kulowa mozama mumagetsi amagetsi. Izi zimawalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma wayilesi polankhulana komanso kuyang'anira. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mayina afupipafupi, monga International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ndi mayina afupipafupi a NATO, kuti azindikire magulu osiyanasiyana a ma frequency. Pazamalonda, RF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga telephony, ma control circuits, ndi maginito a resonance imaging (MRI). RF imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazachipatala, monga ma electrosurgery scalpels ndi radiofrequency ablation. Zidazi zimagwiritsa ntchito RF kudula ndi kutulutsa minofu popanda kufunikira kwa scalpel. Pomaliza, RF imatha kukhudza thanzi. Mafunde otsika amatha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi ndi kupweteka, pamene mafunde apamwamba amatha kuvulaza mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, RF imatha kuyambitsa kuyatsa kwa RF, komwe kumayaka pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha ionization ya mpweya. Pomaliza, RF ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pamagetsi amasiku onse mpaka ntchito zamankhwala. Komabe, zitha kukhudzanso kwambiri chilengedwe, zankhondo, bizinesi, komanso thanzi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito RF ndikutenga njira zopewera.
Udindo wa Mawayilesi Amtundu Wankhondo: Sipekitiramu ya Wayilesi, Maulendo Afupipafupi
Ma frequency a wailesi ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulumikizana, kugawa mphamvu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Maulendo a wailesi amachokera ku 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma frequency amawu ndipo kumtunda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati infrared frequency. Mawayilesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku pa wailesi yakanema, mafoni am'manja, ndi makompyuta. Maulendo apawailesi ali ndi maubwino ambiri, monga kuthekera kolowera ma conductor amagetsi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera arc yamagetsi ndi kugawa mphamvu. Amakhalanso ndi kuthekera kowoneka kuti akuyenda m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchingira, monga ma capacitors ndi ma dielectric insulators. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri pakuwotcherera arc yamagetsi. Komabe, palinso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito ndi ma frequency a wailesi. Mafunde oyimirira, mawonekedwe a khungu, ndi kuyatsa kwa RF kumatha kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi. Mafunde oyimilira amachitika pamene magetsi atsekedwa ndi koyilo kapena waya, ndipo kuyaka kwa RF kumatha kuchitika pamene mphamvuyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pathupi. M'magulu ankhondo, maulendo a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kulankhulana, kuyenda, ndi kuyang'anira. Ma radio sipekitiramu amagawidwa m'magulu, gulu lililonse limakhala ndi ma frequency ake. Ma frequency awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi NATO, EU, ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Mawayilesi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mabizinesi, monga telephony, ma control circuits, ndi maginito a resonance imaging (MRI). Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'zachipatala, monga kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, kuchepetsa ululu, opaleshoni yamagetsi, ndi kuchotsa ma radiofrequency. Pomaliza, mafunde a wailesi amatha kukhudza chilengedwe, monga kuyika ioning mpweya komanso kuwononga mafunde a wailesi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi ma frequency a wailesi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse zovuta zilizonse.
Zotsatira za Ma frequency a Radio pa Kulankhulana: Kusintha kwa Radio Light ndi Sound Waves, Wavelength ndi Frequency
Maulendo a wailesi ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana, kugawa mphamvu, ndi zina. Ma frequency amawayilesi amayambira 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz, ndipo malire apamwamba amakhala ma frequency amawu ndipo otsika amakhala ma frequency a infrared. Ma frequency awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafunde amagetsi ozungulira omwe amatuluka mumlengalenga ngati mafunde a wailesi.
Magwero osiyanasiyana atha kufotokoza malire akumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Mafunde amagetsi omwe amazungulira pawayilesi amakhala ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe sizimagawidwa ndi ma frequency apompopompo kapena otsika ma frequency amawu. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde a RF amatha kulowa mozama mu ma conductor amagetsi ndipo amakonda kuyenda pamtunda, womwe umadziwika kuti khungu. Mafunde a RF akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, amatha kuyambitsa kumva kowawa komanso kutsika kwa minofu, komanso kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.
Mafunde otsika amathanso kutulutsa izi, koma mafunde a RF nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda vuto ndipo samayambitsa kuvulala kwamkati kapena kuyaka pang'ono, komwe kumadziwika kuti RF. Mafunde a RF amakhalanso ndi kuthekera kopanga mpweya mosavuta, kupanga njira yoyendetsera. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri pakuwotcherera arc yamagetsi. Mafunde a RF amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu, chifukwa amatha kuwoneka akuyenda m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchingira, monga dielectric insulator kapena capacitor.
Izi zimatchedwa capacitive reactance, ndipo zimachepa pamene mafupipafupi akuwonjezeka. Mosiyana ndi izi, mafunde a RF amatsekedwa ndi waya wa waya kapena kutembenuka kamodzi kwa waya wopindika, womwe umadziwika kuti inductive reactance. Izi zimawonjezeka pamene mafupipafupi akuwonjezeka. Mafunde a RF nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa kudzera mu zingwe zamagetsi wamba, koma amakhala ndi chizolowezi chowonetsa kutayika kwa chingwe, monga zolumikizira. Izi zingapangitse kuti madziwo abwerere kugwero, kuchititsa vuto lotchedwa mafunde oima. Mafunde a RF amatha kunyamulidwa bwino kwambiri kudzera munjira zotumizira ndi zingwe za coaxial.
Mawayilesi amagawidwa m'magulu, ndipo awa amapatsidwa mayina wamba ndi International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Mawayilesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana zatsiku ndi tsiku, monga zowulutsira, zolandirira, makompyuta, ma TV, ndi mafoni am'manja. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina onyamulira apano, kuphatikiza ma telephony ndi ma control circuit, komanso muukadaulo wa Mos Integrated circuit. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zolumikizirana ndi ma radio frequency opanda zingwe, monga mafoni am'manja, kwapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito zingapo zamankhwala zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi, kuphatikiza chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa ya diathermy ndi hyperthermy, ma electrosurgery scalpels odula ndikuwotcha maopaleshoni, komanso kuchotsa ma radiofrequency.
Imaginetic resonance imaging (MRI) imagwiritsanso ntchito mafunde a radio frequency kupanga zithunzi za thupi la munthu. Zida zoyesera za mawayilesi amaphatikiza zida zokhazikika zakumapeto otsika, komanso zida zapadera zoyesera zama frequency apamwamba. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi RF, zida zapadera zimafunikira, ndipo RF nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza ma oscillation amagetsi. Makina a RF amakanika ndiachilendo, koma pali makina Mafayilo ndi RF MEMS.
Curtis ndi Thomas 'Stanley High Frequency Apparatus: Construction and Practical Application, lofalitsidwa ndi Everyday Mechanics Company mu 1891, limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka RF m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Udindo wa Maulendo a Wailesi mu Bizinesi: Telephony, Control Circuits, MRI
Mawayilesi (RF) ndi mafunde amagetsi osinthasintha kapena ma voltages omwe amapanga gawo la electromagnetic. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pazinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku monga ma TV ndi mafoni am'manja, kupita kuzinthu zapadera monga kuwotcherera arc yamagetsi ndi kugawa mphamvu. Ma frequency a RF amakhala ndi ma frequency a 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala ma frequency omvera ndipo kumtunda kwake kumakhala ma frequency a infrared. Mafunde a RF ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pabizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kulowa mozama muzitsulo zamagetsi, zomwe zimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa telefoni ndi maulendo oyendetsa. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazachipatala monga MRI, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi kuti ipange zithunzi za thupi la munthu.
Mafunde a RF atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazida zoyesera za ma frequency apamwamba, komanso pamakina onyamula amakono aukadaulo wophatikizika wamagawo ndi matelefoni opanda zingwe. Komabe, kugwira ntchito ndi ma frequency a RF kumatha kukhala kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde a RF amakonda kuwonetsa kutha kwa zingwe ndi zolumikizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde oyimirira. Amakhalanso ndi katundu wokhoza kuwoneka akuyenda m'njira zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zotetezera, monga dielectric insulator kapena capacitor.
Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri pakuwotcherera arc yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mafunde a RF akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, amatha kupangitsa kumva kowawa komanso kupindika kwa minofu, komanso kugwedezeka kwamagetsi. Mafunde ocheperako amathanso kuvulaza mkati ndikuwotcha pang'ono, komwe kumadziwika kuti RF burns. Ma frequency a RF ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana mubizinesi, kuyambira ma telephony ndi ma control circuits mpaka MRI ndi ukadaulo wophatikizika wozungulira. Ngakhale kuti angakhale opindulitsa, angakhalenso owopsa, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa pogwira nawo ntchito. Pakuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zoyankhulirana ndi ma radio frequency opanda zingwe, monga mafoni am'manja, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuwopsa ndi maubwino omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ma frequency a RF.
Zotsatira za Ma frequency a Radio pa Thanzi: Kugwedezeka kwa Magetsi, Ululu, Electrosurgery, Radiofrequency Ablation
Ma radio frequency (RF) ndi mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kulumikizana mpaka kuchipatala. Amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: kHz, GHz, ndi RF. Mtundu uliwonse wa ma frequency ali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zake, komanso zomwe zingakhudze thanzi. Mafupipafupi a KHz amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomvera, monga zowulutsa pawailesi ndi wailesi yakanema. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pogawa mphamvu, chifukwa amatha kulowa mkati mwa magetsi. Ma frequency a GHz amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matelefoni opanda zingwe, monga mafoni am'manja ndi makompyuta.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazachipatala, monga kujambula kwa maginito a resonance (MRI). Ma frequency a RF amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera arc yamagetsi ndi radiofrequency ablation, chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a RF kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso zoyipa paumoyo. Mwachitsanzo, mafunde otsika amatha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi komanso kumva zowawa, pomwe mafunde apamwamba amatha kuyambitsa kuyaka kwachiphamaso komwe kumatchedwa RF. Kuphatikiza apo, mafunde a RF amatha kuyimitsa mpweya mosavuta, ndikupanga njira yolumikizira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito powotcherera arc yamagetsi.
Komabe, katundu yemweyu angayambitsenso kuipitsa mafunde a wailesi. Pomaliza, ma frequency a RF amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lankhondo pamawu a wailesi ndi ma frequency. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pabizinesi pa telephony, mabwalo owongolera, ndi MRI. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza kuwala kwa wailesi ndi mafunde amawu kukhala mafunde ndi ma frequency. Ponseponse, ma frequency a RF ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kulumikizana mpaka kuchipatala. Zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso zoipa pa thanzi, malingana ndi mafupipafupi ndi ntchito. Pomwe ukadaulo ukupitilirabe kusinthika, kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a RF kuyenera kufalikira kwambiri.
kusiyana
Maulendo a wailesi vs microcurrent
Mawayilesi (RF) ndi ma microcurrents ndi mitundu iwiri ya mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti zonsezi zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, zimasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, mphamvu, ndi zotsatira zake pa thupi. RF ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri amphamvu, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 20 kHz mpaka 300 GHz, pomwe ma microcurrents amakhala otsika, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 0.5
Hz mpaka 1 MHz. RF imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa wailesi, wailesi yakanema, ndi matelefoni opanda zingwe, pomwe ma microcurrents amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala komanso kukondoweza magetsi. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa RF ndi microcurrent ndi ma frequency awo. RF ndi mphamvu yanthawi yayitali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kulowa mkati mwa thupi ndikupangitsa mphamvu zambiri. Kumbali ina, ma microcurrents ndi otsika pafupipafupi ndipo amatha kulowa pamwamba pa thupi, kuwapangitsa kukhala opanda mphamvu.
RF imathanso kuyambitsa zowawa komanso kugundana kwaminofu, pomwe ma microcurrents nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda vuto. Kusiyana kwina pakati pa RF ndi microcurrent ndi mphamvu zawo. RF ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa microcurrent, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza mphamvu zambiri pamtunda wautali. Komano, ma Microcurrents ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zazifupi.
RF imathanso kuyambitsa kusokoneza zida zina zamagetsi, pomwe ma microcurrents sangatero. Pomaliza, zotsatira za RF ndi microcurrent pathupi ndizosiyana. RF imatha kuyambitsa kuyaka, kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, komanso kuvulala mkati, pomwe ma microcurrents nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda vuto. RF imathanso kuyimitsa mpweya, kupanga njira yoyendetsera, pomwe ma microcurrents sangathe. Ponseponse, RF ndi microcurrent ndi mitundu iwiri ya mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. RF ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri mthupi, pomwe ma microcurrents amakhala ocheperako ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda vuto.
FAQ pazambiri zamawayilesi
Kodi ma radio frequency amagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?
Maulendo a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakulankhulana mpaka kugawa mphamvu. Mitundu ya mawayilesi amasiyanasiyana kutengera momwe ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, pomwe ma frequency ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana, pomwe ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu. Mafupipafupi a wailesi amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana pa anthu, kutengera ma frequency ndi mphamvu ya siginecha.
Mafunde apawailesi otsika amatha kulowa mozama m'thupi, kupangitsa kumva kowawa kapena kugundana kwaminofu, pomwe mafunde amawayilesi apamwamba amatha kuyambitsa kuyaka kwachiphamaso komwe kumatchedwa RF. Mafunde a RF amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala monga diathermy, hyperthermy, ndi radiofrequency ablation. Imaginetic resonance imaging (MRI) imagwiritsanso ntchito mafunde a radio frequency kupanga zithunzi za thupi la munthu. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitu itatuyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a wailesi. Kodi ma radio frequency amagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani? imayang'ana kwambiri kagwiritsidwe ntchito kosiyanasiyana ka mawayilesi, monga kulumikizana ndi kugawa mphamvu. Kodi ma frequency a radio ndi ati? imayang'ana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawayilesi, monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mphamvu.
Pomaliza, Kodi ma radio frequency amachita chiyani kwa anthu? imayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za mawayilesi pa anthu, monga kuthekera kwa ululu kapena kupsa.
Kodi ma frequency apamwamba amachita chiyani ku ubongo?
Ma frequency apamwamba amakhala ndi zotsatira zingapo paubongo. Ma frequency otsika, monga omwe amapezeka m'mawu omvera, amatha kukhazika mtima pansi muubongo, pomwe ma frequency apamwamba, monga omwe amapezeka pamawayilesi, amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa. Kutsika kwafupipafupi kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa, kugona bwino, komanso kuchepetsa ululu.
Kuchulukirachulukira, kumbali ina, kungayambitse kukhala tcheru, kuyang'ana kwambiri, komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuzindikira. Mafupipafupi otsika amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupumule komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma binaural beats, omwe ndi ma frequency awiri osiyana omwe amaseweredwa nthawi imodzi m'khutu lililonse. Ubongo umayendetsa ma frequency awiriwo ndikupanga ma frequency achitatu, ndiko kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi.
Kubwereza kwachitatu kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa kumasuka. Komabe, ma frequency apamwamba atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa ubongo. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi, omwe ndi mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amatha kulowa m'chigaza ndikulimbikitsa ubongo. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa tcheru, kuyang'ana, komanso ngakhale kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito anzeru.
Mawayilesi amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena, monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi matenda a Parkinson. Pomaliza, ma frequency otsika amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zotsitsimula muubongo, pomwe ma frequency apamwamba amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa. Mafupipafupi otsika amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupumule komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa, pomwe ma frequency apamwamba atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa ubongo komanso kuchiza matenda ena.
Ubale wofunikira
1. Mafunde: Mafunde ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mawayilesi, chifukwa ndi njira yomwe mawayilesi amayendera. Mafunde amabwera m’njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mafunde a mawu, mafunde a kuwala, ndi mafunde a wailesi.
Mafunde a wailesi ndi mtundu wa mafunde omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa ma radio frequency. Amapangidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito zomwe zimazungulira mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala okhoza kunyamula ma wailesi.
2. Spectrum Allocation: Spectrum allocation ndi njira yogawa ma wayilesi osiyanasiyana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana. Izi zachitika kuonetsetsa kuti mawailesi pafupipafupi si mochulukirachulukira ndipo aliyense wosuta ali ndi mwayi pafupipafupi iwo akufunikira.
Kugawa kwa Spectrum ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kulingalira mosamala zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense komanso kusokoneza komwe kungachitike pakati pa ma frequency osiyanasiyana.
3. Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic radiation ndi mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma radio frequency. Mphamvu imeneyi imapangidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi maginito zomwe zimayenda pa liwiro la kuwala.
Ma radiation a electromagnetic amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulumikizana, kuyenda, ngakhalenso chithandizo chamankhwala.
4. Kulankhulana: Kulankhulana ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mawayilesi. Maulendo a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza deta, monga mawu ndi makanema, kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina.
Deta iyi imalandiridwa ndi wolandila, yemwe amazindikira chizindikirocho ndikutumiza komwe akupita. Maulendo apawailesi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito polumikizana opanda zingwe, monga Wi-Fi ndi Bluetooth, zomwe zimalola zida kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake popanda kufunikira kwa zingwe. Mafunde: Mafunde ndi zosokoneza zomwe zimadutsa mumlengalenga ndi zinthu monga mphamvu. Amapangidwa ndi gwero logwedezeka ndipo amatha kukhala makina kapena ma elekitiroma. Kuchuluka kwa mafunde ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe imazungulira pa sekondi imodzi, ndipo imayesedwa mu hertz (Hz).
Kutalika kwa mafunde ndi mtunda wa pakati pa nsonga ziwiri zotsatizana kapena mafunde a mafunde, ndipo amayezedwa mu mita (m). Maulendo a wailesi ndi mtundu wa mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amakhala pakati pa 3 kHz ndi 300 GHz. Spectrum Allocation: Spectrum Allocation ndi njira yogawa ma frequency ku ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zimachitidwa ndi maboma kapena mabungwe ena owongolera kuti awonetsetse kuti mautumiki osiyanasiyana atha kulumikizidwa ndi wailesi. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kupewa kusokoneza pakati pa mautumiki ndi kuonetsetsa kuti sipekitiramu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
5. Electromagnetic Spectrum: Ma electromagnetic spectrum ndi mitundu yonse yotheka ya ma radiation a electromagnetic. Maulendo a wailesi ndi gawo la sipekitiramu iyi ndipo amapezeka pakati pa 3 kHz ndi 300 GHz.
Ma radiation a electromagnetic amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza wailesi, wailesi yakanema, komanso kulumikizana ndi ma cellular. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kujambula kwachipatala ndi ntchito zina.
6. Tinyanga: Mlongoti ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira mawailesi. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo kapena mawaya omwe amakonzedwa mwanjira inayake.
Tinyanga tating'onoting'ono titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ndi kulandira zidziwitso kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mawayilesi ndi wailesi yakanema, ma cellular network, ndi ma satellite.
7. Kufalitsa Mafunde a Wailesi: Kufalitsa mafunde a wailesi ndi njira imene mafunde a wailesi amadutsa mumlengalenga. Mafunde a wailesi amakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo kutentha, chinyezi, ndi zinthu zina.
Kufalikira kwa mawayilesi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikiritsa mtundu ndi mtundu wa mawayilesi.
8. Ma Radio Transmitter: Chowulutsira wailesi ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poulutsira ma wayilesi. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi tinyanga, gwero lamagetsi, ndi modulator.
Mawayilesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza zidziwitso zakutali, monga zowulutsa pawailesi ndi wailesi yakanema. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamanetiweki am'manja, ma satellite olankhulana, ndi mapulogalamu ena.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
