Poganizira ndi lingaliro lofunika kwambiri pamawu ndi nyimbo. Amatanthawuza njira yomwe mafunde a phokoso, akuyenda kunja kuchokera ku gwero lake, tsitsani zinthu zowunikira monga makoma, kudenga kapena pansi ndi kubwereranso kwa gwero kapena omvera.
Izi zimapanga ma echos angapo omwe amatha kusintha kwambiri kamvekedwe ka mawu kapena nyimbo. Kusinkhasinkha kuli ndi ntchito zambiri zothandiza, monga mu chithandizo choyimba m'zipinda ndi holo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo kapena zisudzo.
Mafunde a phokoso akamawonekera pamalo olimba (monga makoma ndi pansi), amalumikizana m'njira zomwe zimadziwika kuti. kusokoneza.
Mafunde owonetseredwawa akakumana, ena amachotsedwa pomwe ena amakulitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa mafunde apachiyambi.
Kulumikizana uku ndi komwe kumayambitsa reverberation (nthawi zambiri amafupikitsidwa ngati verebu) zomwe zimakhudza momwe timaonera mbali zosiyanasiyana za gwero lomveka monga kumveka kwake, mphamvu yake ndi nthawi yowonongeka.
Mphamvu ndi moyo wautali wa verebu zimatsimikiziranso mawonekedwe amayimbidwe a danga linalake; malo akuluakulu amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yowunikira pomwe malo ang'onoang'ono amatha kutulutsa zowunikira zazifupi zomwe zimazimiririka mwachangu. Choncho zipinda zothandizidwa momveka bwino Ndi abwino kwa situdiyo zojambulira komwe kumafunikira kuwongolera kolondola pazigawo zotere kuti mujambule bwino ndikusakaniza kasewero ka mawu - kaya ndi mawu, zida kapena ng'oma.
Pomaliza, zikafika pa malo ochitirako zochitika ngati ma holo ochitira konsati izi zikutanthauza kupereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira kuti omvera azipeza zotsatira zokhutiritsa kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo popanda kumveka kowuma kapena matope. kubwerezabwereza kwambiri kukhudza kumveka bwino kwa zomwe zikuseweredwa pa siteji.
Tanthauzo la Kusinkhasinkha
Poganizira ndi lingaliro lomwe limapezeka kawirikawiri mukupanga mawu ndi nyimbo. Kuwonetsa ndikuchitapo kanthu kodumphadumpha kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo kumatulutsa zotsatira izo zikhoza kukhala kapena zokondweretsa kapena zosokoneza, malingana ndi malo ozungulira.
Reflection ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kumverera kozungulira ku njanji, kapena kupereka danga lamayimbidwe kuti phokoso limveke. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mawu ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito momveka bwino.
Kusinkhasinkha mu Phokoso
M'mawu, kusinkhasinkha amatanthauza mchitidwe wa mafunde akuwuluka kuchokera pamalo athyathyathya. Phokoso lomwe likubwera lidzapatutsidwa kuchoka pamwamba ndikuyenda mu a njira yatsopano (yowonekera). mpaka kukakumana ndi malo ena athyathyathya. Kusinkhasinkha ndizochitika zodziwika bwino m'malo athu atsiku ndi tsiku ndipo kumakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zothandiza pakuyimba, kupanga ma audio ndi kupanga nyimbo.
Kuwonetsera kwa malo kumadalira zinthu zingapo, monga kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake ndi kapangidwe kazinthu. Pamene mafunde amawu akumana ndi a pamwamba kapena olimba amawonekera kwambiri kuposa pamene akumana ndi a chofewa kapena chobowola kwambiri - monga makapeti kapena makapeti. Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala ndi kupindika kwakukulu amakonda kumwaza kuwala kwamphamvu kwamawu pamalo ambiri kuposa omwe ali athyathyathya. Chodabwitsa ichi chimadziwika kuti reverberation, pomwe zowunikira zambiri zimadzaza chipinda ndi khalidwe la echoey.
Kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zowoneka bwino zimagwirira ntchito kungathandize ojambula kupanga mawu osangalatsa a nyimbo zawo poyika zinthu zoyikidwa bwino pamalo awo ojambulira (mwachitsanzo, mapanelo a thovu).
Kusinkhasinkha mu Nyimbo
Kusinkhasinkha mu nyimbo Ndiko kumveka kwa liwu lomwe limadza chifukwa cha kunyezimira kwa makoma, denga, kapena zinthu zina zowoneka m'malo omwe muli. Kuwonetsera kwa phokoso kumachitika pamene funde lamphamvu la phokoso lochokera ku gwero lake likumana ndi chopinga ndipo limabwereranso kumalo ake oyambirira.
Chodabwitsa ichi chikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi kuyesa kosavuta - kugwetsa zinthu m'mitsuko yosiyanasiyana yodzaza ndi madzi. Ndi dontho lililonse, mumamva mawu omveka m'mbali mwa chidebe ndikubwerera m'makutu mwanu.
Kamvekedwe kake kamatha kupangitsa nyimbo zosangalatsa - monga kuwonjezera kuya kwa nyimbo yomwe ilipo kapena kuzindikiritsa malo apadera omvera mkati mwamalo omvera. Kuwongolera kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi akatswiri opanga ma audio kuti apititse patsogolo mawonekedwe a sonic muzojambula ndi zisudzo. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga mafilimu ngati 'mtundu' wowonjezera pakuwunikira zochitika ndi nyimbo. Chipinda chilichonse chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amathandizira pakuyimba kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mainjiniya ndi oimba amvetsetse momwe izi zimakhudzira momwe nyimbo zawo zimamvekera.
Mitundu ya Kusinkhasinkha
Poganizira ndizochitika zomwe zimakhudza momwe phokoso ndi nyimbo zimamvekera. Ndiko kugwirizana pakati pa phokoso ndi pamwamba, kapena malo awiri, omwe amachititsa kuti phokoso liwonekere, kapena kubwezeredwa kumbali ina.
M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusinkhasinkha, ndi momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonetsera ingakhudzire phokoso kapena nyimbo zomwe zimapangidwa:
Kusinkhasinkha Mwachindunji
Kusinkhasinkha kwachindunji kumachitika pamene mphamvu ya mawu ikuwonekera mwachindunji kuchokera pamwamba ndikubwerera kumalo kumene inayambira. Kuwonetsera kotereku kumakhala kofala mukakhala ndi malo olimba, monga makoma ndi denga m'mipata yotsekedwa ngati zipinda kapena maholo. Mafunde a phokoso amakhala "zosakanikirana" pa kusinkhasinkha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezereka komanso kugwedezeka. Izi zimawonekera makamaka ndi ma frequency otsika.
Nthawi zina, ziwonetsero zambiri zimachitika mkati mwa malo omwe aperekedwa, zomwe zingayambitse zingapo "mawu owoneka bwino" zomwe zimayendera limodzi kuti apange voliyumu yosayembekezereka kapena zovuta zamayimbidwe. Kuwunikira kwachindunji kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga phokoso lonse la danga ndi:
- Kukulitsa ma frequency a resonant otsika
- Kupanga zowonjezera zowonjezera muzolemba
- Kukhala ndi ovololo "zambiri" or "Zamitsani" zotsatira kuposa popanda izo.
Kuganizira mozama
Ganizirani kulingalira ndi mtundu wa kunyezimira kumene mafunde a mawu amadumphira pamwamba mofanana, kotero kuti mafunde a phokoso omwe amafika kwa omvera amagawidwa mofanana kumbali zonse. Kuwonetsera kotereku kungapezeke m'zipinda zazikulu, zotseguka kapena mabwalo amasewera okhala ndi makoma osalala, olimba opangidwa ndi zipangizo monga konkire ndi njerwa. Diffuse kusinkhasinkha kumatchedwanso kudumpha kamodzi kapena kubwebweta.
Phokoso lamtundu uwu limapereka chidziwitso cha kutentha ndi chidzalo m'chipinda polola kuti phokoso lapachiyambi lizitalikirana ndi kusakanikirana ndi zina. Ndiwothandiza pojambulira komanso kumveka bwino pomvera nyimbo m'malo akulu monga holo yamasewera kapena holo.
Kubwezeretsa
Mu mawu ndi nyimbo, reverberation ndi echo-ngati zotsatira chifukwa cha kuwunikira pafupipafupi kwa mafunde a phokoso m'malo otsekeka. Zimapangidwa pamene gwero la mawu monga cholankhulira limatulutsa mawu m'chipinda (kapena malo ena), omwe amayamba kubwerezabwereza kuchokera kumakoma, kudenga, ndi malo ena.
Reverberation nthawi zina amatchedwa verebu mwachidule, ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakumveka kwa nyimbo mokweza komanso momveka bwino pamalo otsekedwa kapena malo. Ndipotu, oimba ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito reverberation yokumba kuti awonjezere zojambulira zawo ndi zokometsera monga kusindikiza kwa ma audio komwe kumatengera za holo ya konsati kapena malo ena akulu.
Komabe, maverebu ochulukirachulukira angapangitse nyimbo kukhala yamatope komanso yosamveka bwino, zomwe zimachititsa kuti muzimvetsera motopetsa ngati zitachitika molakwika. Nthawi yobwezera (RT) kapena kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe imatengera kuti phokoso lowonetsedwali liyime lingathenso kukhudza kumveka bwino komanso mphamvu za zojambulidwa.
Nthawi zambiri, RTs zazifupi Nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino pojambulitsa zida zomveka bwino chifukwa zimamveka bwino komanso zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchulukira kuchokera ku zida zina kapena magwero omvera omwe angakhalepo pafupi ndi khwekhwe lililonse la maikolofoni. RTs zazitali, Komano, amakonda kupanga mawu ofunda omwe ali oyenera nyimbo za mawu kapena zingwe zojambulidwa chifukwa zimathandizira kuzama kwa zida zenizenizo zikadasoweka popanda mawonekedwe owonjezera kuchokera kumayendedwe amawu.
Zotsatira za Kusinkhasinkha
Poganizira ndi chinthu chofunikira pamawu ndi nyimbo zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri phokoso lochokera kwa wokamba nkhani kapena chida. Kulingalira kumakhudza momwe phokoso kapena chida choimbira chimamvekera, chifukwa ndi mbali ya njira yomwe phokoso limayenda mumlengalenga. Kusinkhasinkha kungakhudzenso mokweza, momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino za phokoso, popanga maonekedwe a mafunde a phokoso m'deralo.
Tiyeni tifufuze zotsatira za kusinkhasinkha m'mawu ndi nyimbo:
Reflection ndi Room Acoustics
Kuphunzira kwa kusinkhasinkha ndi ma acoustics am'chipinda ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse momwe mawu amachitira mumlengalenga. Ukadaulo wa ma acoustics amchipinda umathandizira kuti pakhale malo omvera abwinoko, monga kuchepetsa mawonedwe osafunikira (Tchulani) ndikuwonjezera "chindunji" chomveka. Poganizira Amatha kuyamwa ndi kuwunikira mafunde amawu pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana ndipo potero amakonza mawuwo mchipindamo.
Nthawi zonse mafunde akakumana ndi chopinga amawonekera kuchokera pamenepo. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimawonekera zimatengera zinthu zapamwamba, ngodya, ndi zina zotero. Phokoso likalowa mchipindamo limatengedwa pang'ono ndi zinthu zomanga monga mipando, makoma kapena carpeting, koma nthawi zambiri mphamvu zina zimamwazikananso kubwerera kuchipinda chake. chiyambi komanso mayendedwe ena kutengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu / chipinda kapena malire aliwonse ozungulira. Kubalalitsa uku kumatchedwa kusinkhasinkha ndipo zitha kuganiziridwa kuti zikukulitsa kapena kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe omwe omvera amamva.
Kusinkhasinkha kungatipatse mphamvu zochulukirapo tikamamva ma frequency otsika mkati mwa malo otsekedwa ndi malire (makamaka ngati malirewo ali ofanana) chifukwa cha mafunde otsika omwe amamangika pakati pa makomawa omwe amapereka mamvekedwe omveka kuposa ma frequency apamwamba omwe amakonda kusuntha. mofulumira m’malo mobwerezabwereza ku chiyambi chake; izi zimadziwika kuti "njira zapanyumba” - nsonga zapamwamba pamafuridwe ena obwera chifukwa cha mawonedwe angapo otsika omwe amabwerera kuchokera ku makoma osiyanasiyana olumikizidwa mkati mwa danga. Izi zitha kutitsogolera kuzinthu zovuta zomwe zimafunikira Thandizo lamayimbidwe - malo onyowa kapena zinthu zoyamwa - zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa kuwunikira kosafunika kutithandiza kuzindikira zomwe tikufuna kwambiri:
Kusinkhasinkha ndi Kukhazikika Kwamawu
Kuwunikira ndi kutanthauzira mawu ndi zinthu ziwiri zolumikizana zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri kumveka kwa mawu pamalopo. Poganizira amatanthauza kuphulika kwa mafunde a phokoso kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'chipindamo, asanafike m'makutu a munthu. kutanthauzira ndiko kufananiza malo apakati pa mlengalenga ndi momwe munthu amaonera kumene phokoso likuchokera.
Zikafika popanga nyimbo mchipinda, kusinkhasinkha kumakhudza kwambiri momwe timamvera. Ngati pali zinthu zambiri zonyezimira, monga makoma ndi ngodya zomwe zimasonyeza phokoso lambiri, zingayambitse mikwingwirima ndi "phokoso la chipinda" chochuluka chomwe chimabisa tsatanetsatane wa nyimbo ndi kupangitsa zida kuwoneka zakutali kapena zosamveka. Nthawi zambiri vutoli limakulitsidwa ngati malo owunikirawo ali pafupi kapena pafupi ndi malo omvera.
Pamene zosinkhasinkha zimamanga mozungulira makutu athu monga chonchi, tikhoza kukumana ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa chisokonezo, kunyalanyaza kapena zolakwika - pamene sitingathe kuzindikira bwino kapena kuzindikira kumene phokoso linalake likuchokera kwa ife. Mkhalidwe woterewu ukhozanso kuchitika pamene woimba akusewera ndi munthu wina yemwe watembenuzira msana wake ndipo osayang'anizana nawo - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti aziwongolera katatu malo awo (kumene chida chilichonse chiyenera kumveka) molondola!
Chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwamayimbidwe amtundu wowongolera kuwunikira, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zoyamwa ngati mapanelo acoustic, mateti a thovu ndi zina zotero, zimakhala zofunikira kuti tikwaniritse kumveka bwino komanso kulondola kwatsatanetsatane muzosakanikirana kapena machitidwe athu. Mapangidwe abwino amawu amathandizanso kuchepetsa kusokoneza komwe kungachitike pakati pa zida/mawu angapo nthawi imodzi - zomwe zimapangitsa kumveketsa bwino / kutonthoza kumvetsera kwathunthu!
Kusinkhasinkha ndi Kupanga Nyimbo
Kugwiritsa ntchito zowunikira pakupanga nyimbo kumatha kukhala njira yabwino komanso yothandiza yopangira mawu apadera. Poganizira amatanthauzidwa ngati chiwonetsero cha mafunde a phokoso zomwe zimadumpha pamwamba ndikubwerera m'makutu a omvera. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonetsera kapena zowonetsera zokha, ndizotheka kupanga zosakaniza zomveka bwino.
Popanga nyimbo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe zowonera zimayenderana, komanso momwe zingagwiritsire ntchito kutsindika mbali zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo yanu. Mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimazungulira gwero zimatha kukhudza mphamvu yake komanso kuchuluka kwake, kutengera momwe amamvera. Mwachitsanzo, kapeti imatha kuyamwa ma frequency apamwamba kuposa zida zina, pomwe malo olimba ngati konkriti kapena magalasi amatha zimawonetsa ma frequency apamwamba mosavuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga mwambi or kuchedwa, opanga amatha kutsanzira zowoneka bwino pakusakaniza kwawo ndikupeza zotsatira zapadera komanso zosangalatsa. Revereb imapereka chidziwitso cha chilengedwe ndi kuya potengera magalasi omwe akudumpha pamakoma; pomwe kuchedwa kumapanga malo okulirapo popanga mitundu ingapo ya siginecha yomweyo pakapita nthawi ndikuchedwa kokulirapo nthawi iliyonse. Njira zonsezi ndi zida zamtengo wapatali zoyikira zida ndikuzipangitsa kuti zizimveka ngati zakuphatikizika kwanu.
Komanso, EQ imathandizira kupanga mawu posefa ma frequency ovuta kuti mungotsala ndi ma siginecha omwe amafunidwa pakusakaniza kwanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lomveka bwino lomwe limapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka bwino pakati pa zida zomwe zili mkati mwa kusakaniza kwanu, kuchepetsa zotsatira za masking zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusemphana mwangozi kwa maulendo osafunikira kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapikisana ndi malo a sonic mumayendedwe anu. Pamene mukupitiriza kukonza luso lanu poyesera ndi chilichonse kapena zinthu zonse pamwambapa pamodzi ndi njira zina monga Kuponderezana ndi kudandaula mutha kuyamba kupanga zidutswa zovuta koma zokongola zomwe zimakhala zamoyo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zidawonetsa njira zosinthira zomveka!
Kutsiliza
Kuwonetsa kwamawu amplitude ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino muukadaulo wamawu komanso kupanga nyimbo. Ndi gawo lofunikira la momwe timamvera mawu, kuchokera ku chilengedwe chathu kupita ku zida zathu zomvera mpaka zojambulidwa zomwe timasunga. Kudziwa momwe zowunikira zimagwirira ntchito ndikumvetsetsa momwe mungawathandizire kungapangitse kuti mawu anu azimveka bwino muzochitika zilizonse.
Zowunikira zimapangidwa pamene mafunde amphamvu amadumphira pamwamba kapena zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, monga makoma, pansi ndi mipando. Kulingalira kumayesedwa ngati nthawi yotengedwa kuti mafundewa afikire khutu la omvera atachoka pamalo ake ndi mtunda wina - izi zimadziwika kuti. nthawi yobwereza (RT). Mtengo wa RT umadalira momwe mayamwidwe a zinthu zamkati mwa chipindamo amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi makulidwe, mapangidwe azinthu, porosity ndi/kapena kupuma. Kuonjezera apo, monga mafunde opangidwa ndi mpweya amalumikizana wina ndi mzake nthawi zambiri amapanga mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe amadziwika kuti “sefa zisa” zomwe zimakhudzanso momwe mawu angamvekere kwa omvera.
Kaya zimawonetsedwa pamalo olimba kapena zoyendetsedwa ndi zinthu monga mipando kapena makapeti (zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake), izi zimatithandiza kuzindikira chilengedwe chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri momwe malo otizinga amawonera ndikusintha kwambiri momwe timawonera. zomveka—nyimbo kapena ayi—muzochitika zilizonse. Kumvetsetsa izi kumatilola kupanga zida zomveka bwino powongolera milingo yowunikira, kaya:
- Kufewetsa mawu osakhazikika m'zipinda zing'onozing'ono pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyamwitsa.
- Kupanga mizere ya bass yonenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha mafunde oyimirira pamakona.
- Njira zotsatirira zogwira mtima zomwe zimachitika kunyumba osawonjezera zida zowonjezera monga momwe mungachitire muma studio akulu.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
