Mphamvu ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nyimbo zomwe zingathandize oimba kufotokoza maganizo awo mogwira mtima.
Kaya ndi forte, piyano, crescendo kapena sforzando, zonse izi zimabweretsa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nyimbo.
M'nkhaniyi, tiona zofunikira za mphamvu mu nyimbo ndi kuyang'ana chitsanzo cha momwe ntchito sforzando kubweretsa wosanjikiza owonjezera kuya nyimbo zanu.
Tanthauzo la Dynamics
Dynamics ndi mawu oimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya mawu kapena mawu. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kufotokozera ndi kutengeka kwa chidutswa. Mwachitsanzo, woimba akamaimba mokweza kapena motsitsa, akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti afotokoze kapena kutsindika zinazake. Mphamvu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa mtundu uliwonse wa nyimbo, kuyambira zakale mpaka rock ndi jazi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi machitidwe awoawo momwe ma dynamics amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Mukamawerenga nyimbo zamapepala, mphamvu zimasonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba kapena pansi pa Ogwira ntchito. Nawa kufotokozera mwachidule pazizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri komanso zomwe zikutanthawuza pankhani yamphamvu:
-pp (pianissimo) : Chete/chofewa kwambiri
-p (piyano) : Chete/chofewa
-mp (piyano ya mezzo): Yabata pang'ono/yofewa
-mf (mezzo forte): Mokweza kwambiri/mwamphamvu
-f (forte): Mokweza/mwamphamvu
-ff (fortissimo): Mokweza kwambiri/mwamphamvu
-sfz (sforzando): Mawu omveka bwino / cholembera chimodzi chokha
Kusintha kwamphamvu kumawonjezeranso mtundu ndi zovuta zamalingaliro pamawu oimba. Kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zamitundumitundu kumathandizira kuti zikhale zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa kwa omvera.
Mitundu ya Dynamics
Mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munyimbo kusonyeza kukweza kapena kufewa kwa voliyumu. Mphamvu zimafotokozedwa ngati zilembo ndipo zimayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa chidutswa kapena kumayambiriro kwa ndime. Atha kukhala ppp (chete kwambiri) mpaka fff (mokweza kwambiri).
Zotsatirazi ndi mndandanda wazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyimbo:
-PPP (Piyano Katatu): Yofewa kwambiri komanso yosakhwima
-PP (Piyano): Yofewa
-P (Piyano ya Mezzo): Yofewa pang'ono
-MP (Mezzo Forte): Mokweza pang'ono
-Mf (Forte): Mokweza
-FF (Fortissimo): Mokweza kwambiri
-FFF (Triple Forte): Mokweza kwambiri
Zizindikiro zamphamvu zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi zizindikilo zina zomwe zikuwonetsa nthawi, mphamvu ndi nthawi ya cholemba. Kuphatikizikaku kumapanga mayendedwe ovuta, timbres, ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana apadera. Pamodzi ndi tempo ndi phula, mphamvu zimathandizira kufotokozera mawonekedwe a chidutswa.
Kuphatikiza pa kuvomerezedwa pamisonkhano yonse yanyimbo, zolembera zosinthika zingathandizenso kupanga malingaliro mkati mwa chidutswa powonjezera kusiyanitsa pakati pa zokweza ndi zofewa. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumathandizira kuyambitsa kusamvana ndikuwonjezera chidwi - zida zomwe zimapezeka m'zidutswa zakale komanso mtundu uliwonse wanyimbo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoimbira kuti omvera azisangalala nazo.
Sforzando ndi chiyani?
Sforzando ndi chizindikiro champhamvu mu nyimbo, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika kugunda kwinakwake kapena gawo la nyimbo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyimbo zachikale komanso zodziwika bwino ndipo amatha kuwonjezera kukhudza kwamphamvu panyimbo. Nkhaniyi ifufuzanso za momwe sforzando imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso momwe ingagwiritsire ntchito nyimbo kuti ikhale ndi phokoso lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu.
Tanthauzo la Sforzando
Sforzando (sfz), ndi liwu lanyimbo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kuukira kotchulidwira, mwamphamvu komanso mwadzidzidzi pacholemba. Imafupikitsidwa ngati sfz ndipo nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi mayendedwe amawu omwe amalankhula ndi wosewera. M'mawu oimba, sforzando imasonyeza kusiyanasiyana kwa nyimbo potsindika zolemba zina.
Mawu oimba amatanthauza mphamvu ya kuukira, kapena kamvekedwe ka mawu, kamene kamaikidwa pa noti inayake ya nyimbo. Kaŵirikaŵiri amasonyezedwa ndi chilembo chopendekera “s” pamwamba kapena pansi pa cholembacho chimene chiyenera kulembedwa. Mwangozi zitha kuwonetsedwanso ngati "sforz" pambali pa malangizowa.
Ochita masewera nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira machitidwe ozungulira machitidwe awo mosiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito sforzando m'nyimbo, oimba amatha kupatsa oimba malangizo ndi ma siginecha aliyense payekhapayekha pomwe akuyenera kutsindika zolemba zina mkati mwa nyimbo. Katchulidwe kameneka kamamveka m'mitundu monga nyimbo zachikale ndi jazi, komwe kalembedwe kake kamapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kupambana ndi kulephera- poyambitsa kusiyana kobisika monga sforzando katchulidwe ka sewero amphamvu akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zisudzo ngati pakufunika. Oyimba nawonso azisewera ndi mawu ochulukirapo chifukwa amatha kuwongolera mphamvu muzolemba zawo pogwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa mayendedwe awa.
Mwachidule, sforzando ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri m'magulu a nyimbo zachikale pofuna kuwonjezera kuukira kwakukulu pa gawo lodziwika - motere ochita masewera amatha kufotokoza maganizo awo mowonjezereka panthawi yamasewero malinga ndi momwe kumasulira kwawo kumawafunira kutero kuti apangire nyimbo. kumveka bwino!
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Sforzando
Sforzando, sfz, yomwe nthawi zambiri imafupikitsidwa sfz, ndi chizindikiro champhamvu chomwe chimawonetsa kumveka kwadzidzidzi komanso kutsindika pa cholemba china kapena choyimba. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kutsindika kapena kusiyanitsa kwamphamvu kwa zidutswa za nyimbo, mosasamala kanthu za kalembedwe. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwonjezera voliyumu kapena kulimba kwa zigawo za nyimbo.
Chitsanzo chofala kwambiri cha sforzando chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyimbo zodziwika bwino ndi zida za zingwe zomwe kugwada kwa zingwe kumakulitsa mphamvu yakuthupi ndiyeno kusiya kukakamiza kumeneku mwadzidzidzi kumatha kupangitsa cholembacho kukhala chosiyana ndi zinthu zozungulira. Komabe, sforzando sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zida za zingwe zokha, koma m'malo mwake zida zilizonse zoimbira (mwachitsanzo, mkuwa, mphepo zamkuntho, ndi zina).
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito katchulidwe ka sforzando pagulu lililonse la zida (zingwe, mkuwa, matabwa, ndi zina zotero), ndikofunikira kuganizira katchulidwe koyenera ka gululo - katchulidwe kamene kamatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zolemba zomwe zimalembedwa m'mawu ndi zomwe zimadziwika (mwachitsanzo, staccato yaifupi). zolemba motsutsana ndi ziganizo zazitali za legato). Mwachitsanzo, ndi zingwe powonjezera kamvekedwe ka sforzando mungafune zolemba zazifupi za staccato mosiyana ndi mawu omwe amaseweredwa ndi legato pomwe kugwada kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu ndikugwa mwadzidzidzi. Ndi zida zampheponso - ndikofunikira kuti alowe pamodzi m'mawu awo kuti athe kuimba ndi mawu amodzi ogwirizana osati kutulutsa mpweya umodzi.
Ndikofunikiranso mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za sforzando kuti pakhale chete chete musanayimbe katchulidwe kake kuti kamveke bwino komanso kokhudza kwambiri omvera. Mukalembedwa bwino pamapepala a nyimbo mudzapeza "sfz" pamwamba kapena pansi pa zolemba zoyenera - izi zikusonyeza kuti zolembazo ziyenera kutsindika kwambiri zikachitidwa ndikutsatiridwa ndi mawu olondola mbali zonse za izo!
Dynamics mu Nyimbo
Mphamvu mu nyimbo zimatanthawuza kusiyanasiyana kwa mawu okweza ndi ofewa. Mphamvu zimapanga mawonekedwe ndi mlengalenga, komanso kutsindika mitu yayikulu ya nyimbo. Kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino zosintha mu nyimbo kumatha kukweza mawu anu ndikutengera nyimbo zanu pamlingo wina. Tiyeni tiwone sforzando monga chitsanzo cha momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu mu nyimbo.
Momwe Mphamvu Zimakhudzira Nyimbo
Mphamvu mu nyimbo ndi malangizo olembedwa omwe amafotokozera mokweza kapena bata la nyimbo. Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimawonekera pamasamba a nyimbo zimawonetsa kwa oimbawo voliyumu yeniyeni yomwe ayenera kuyimba ndime inayake, mwina pang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwamphamvu.
Mawu osinthika kwambiri ndi forte (kutanthauza "mokweza"), omwe amawonetsedwa ndi chilembo "F". Chosiyana ndi forte, pianissimo ("chofewa kwambiri") nthawi zambiri chimatchulidwa ngati "p". Mapangidwe ena azizindikiro nthawi zina amawoneka, monga crescendo (pang'onopang'ono akuyamba kufuula) ndi decrescendo (pang'onopang'ono kufewa).
Ngakhale zida zamtundu uliwonse zitha kuperekedwa kusinthika kosiyanasiyana mkati mwachinthu choperekedwa, kusiyanitsa kwamphamvu pakati pa zida zimathandizira kupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso kufananiza koyenera pakati pazigawo. Nyimbo nthawi zambiri zimasinthana pakati pa zigawo za nyimbo zomwe zimamveka mokweza kwambiri komanso zamphamvu kwambiri zotsatiridwa ndi ndime zopanda phokoso zomwe zimatanthawuza kupereka mpumulo ndi kusiyana ndi mphamvu ya omwe adawatsogolera. Kusiyanitsa kosunthikaku kungathenso kuwonjezera chidwi patani ya ostinato (nyimbo wobwerezabwereza).
Sforzando ndi liwu lachi Italiya lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chanyimbo kutanthauza kumveka kwamphamvu kwadzidzidzi pa noti imodzi kapena chord; nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi chilembo sfz kapena sffz potsatira cholembacho. Nthawi zambiri, sforzando amawonjezera kutsindika chakumapeto kwa mawu kutanthauza sewero ndi kutengeka mtima, kumayambitsa kukangana musanathe kukhazikika pa nthawi yabata yomwe cholinga chake ndi kulingalira ndi kuyembekezera zomwe zili mtsogolo mwazolemba. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zizindikiro zina zamakasitomala, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito sforzando kuti musachepetse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna pagawo lililonse.
Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Dynamics Kuti Mukweze Nyimbo Zanu
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti mupange nyimbo zosangalatsa komanso zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyimba ndi kukonza. Mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwitsa zokumana nazo zomvetsera, kutsindika mitu, ndikumangirira mpaka pachimake. Kumvetsetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zosinthika kungathandize kukonza kamvekedwe ka nyimbo, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yamphamvu kwa omvera kapena kukhazikitsa malingaliro ena.
Mu nyimbo, mphamvu zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa voliyumu komwe nyimbo imayimbidwa. Kusiyanitsa kofunikira kwambiri pamagawo amphamvu ndi pakati pa zofewa (piyano) ndi mokweza (forte). Koma palinso milingo yapakatikati pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi - mezzo-piano (mp), mezzo-forte (mf), fortissimo (ff) ndi divisi - zomwe zimathandiza olemba nyimbo kuti apitirize kutulutsa maupangiri muzolemba zawo. Kupyolera mu kutsindika kugunda kwina kapena manotsi potsindika chimodzi mphamvu zazikulu Kupitilira kwina, oimba atha kuthandiza kumveketsa mawu kapena kuwonjezera mtundu kunyimbo zawo popanda kusintha siginecha yofunika kapena kapangidwe kake.
Kusintha kwamphamvu kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mwadala mu nyimbo iliyonse kuti imveke bwino. Ngati akusewera ndi orchestra yathunthu, ndiye kuti aliyense azisewera mokhazikika; Apo ayi, phokoso lidzakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi magulu a zida panthawi ya kusintha kuchokera ku mp–mf–f etcetera. Zida zina zimatha kukhala ndi kumverera kwawo kwa staccato kutengera momwe masinthidwe amakasinthidwe amachitikira mwachangu m'mawu - monga malipenga oyimba mpaka mawu omaliza a mawu kenako ndikugwetsanso piyano mwachangu kuti woyimba chitoliro awonekere pamwamba pa chitolirocho. ensemble texture.
Chofunika kwambiri, kusintha kwamphamvu ndi njira imodzi yomwe oimba amatha kutanthauzira poyambira ndikupanga mtundu mkati mwa chidutswa chilichonse chomwe amaphunzira ndikuchichita - kaya ndi gulu limodzi, ngati gawo la kuyimba kwapayekha kosinthika, kapena kungopanga china chatsopano kunyumba ndi zida zama digito monga olamulira a MIDI. kapena zida zenizeni. Kutenga nthawi yoganizira ndikuyesa kupanga mawu omveka pogwiritsa ntchito zosinthika kudzapindulitsa pawekha komanso mwaukadaulo - kuthandiza ochita masewera achichepere kupita ku kuthekera kokulirapo mwaluso pamagawo onse!
Kutsiliza
Sforzando ndi chida champhamvu chothandizira kumveketsa bwino nyimbo zanu. Kutha kuwonjezera ritardando, crescendo, katchulidwe ka mawu, ndi zilembo zina zamphamvu pazolemba zanu zitha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yanu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zosinthika munyimbo zanu kungakuthandizeni kupanga nyimbo yogwira mtima kwambiri, yolimbikitsa komanso yosangalatsa. Nkhaniyi yasanthula zoyambira za sforzando ndi mphamvu mu nyimbo, ndipo mwachiyembekezo yakupatsani kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nyimbo zanu.
Chidule cha Dynamics ndi Sforzando
Mphamvu, monga taonera, zimapereka mphamvu yowonetsera nyimbo. Mphamvu ndi zida zoimbira zomwe zimawonetsa kulimba kapena kuchuluka kwa cholemba kapena mawu anyimbo. Mphamvu zitha kuzindikirika kuchokera ku ppp (chete kwambiri) mpaka fff (mokweza kwambiri). Zolemba zamphamvu zimagwira ntchito popangitsa kuti zigawo zaphokoso ndi zofewa zikhale zosiyana komanso zosangalatsa.
Sforzando, makamaka, ndi katchulidwe kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsindika komanso kulembedwa mu nyimbo yokhala ndi mzere wawung'ono woyima pamwamba pamutu kuti izimveke mokweza kuposa zolemba zozungulira. Chifukwa chake, ndichizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimawonjezera kukhudza kwanyimbo zanu. Sforzando imatha kutulutsa kutengeka ndi chisangalalo mu nyimbo zanu ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopangira kukayikira kapena kusinthana pakati pa magawo. Kuti mupindule nazo, yesani kuphatikizika kosiyanasiyana - ppp mpaka fff - pamodzi ndi sforzandos pamagawo osiyanasiyana pagawo lanu kuti muwonetse zomwe mukufuna.
Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Dynamics mu Nyimbo
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu nyimbo ndi njira yofunikira yowonjezerera mawu ndi chidwi pagawo lanu. Ma Dynamics ndi masinthidwe ocheperako, kuyambira mokweza kupita mofewa komanso kubwereranso. Poyimba nyimbo, ndi bwino kulabadira mayendedwe olembedwa muzolemba kapena pepala lotsogolera. Ngati nyimboyo ilibe zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito nzeru zanu posankha mokweza kapena chete.
Zizindikiro zamphamvu zimathandiza oimba kuwonetsa kusintha kuchokera kumlingo wina kupita ku wina. Akhoza kukhala ndi mawu monga "fortissimo" (mokweza kwambiri) kapena "mezzoforte" (mwamphamvu pang'ono). Palinso zizindikilo zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba nyimbo zomwe zili ndi matanthauzo ake monga chizindikiro cha sforzando chomwe chimawonetsa kamvekedwe kamphamvu koyambira koyambira kapena mawu. Zizindikiro zina monga crescendo, decrescendo ndi diminuendo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kutsika kwa mawu panthawi ya nyimbo.
Posewera ndi oimba ena, zosintha ziyenera kukambidwa pasadakhale kuti aliyense adziwe momwe zigawo ziyenera kugwirizana. Kuzindikira zamphamvu kumatha kuthandizira kutulutsa ma grooves kapena zosiyana zomwe zikanatayika ngati chilichonse chikaseweredwa pamlingo umodzi wokhazikika. Zitha kuyambitsanso kusamvana pazigawo zina kapena zosintha zina zikasintha mwadzidzidzi pakati pa milingo yaphokoso kapena yocheperako. Pamene mukukhala odziwa kwambiri kusewera nyimbo ndi khutu - kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kungathandize kuwonjezera malingaliro ndi mawu omwe angapangitse kuti ntchito yanu ikhale yosiyana ndi ena!
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
