Jim Marshall anali wochita bizinesi wachingelezi komanso woimba yemwe adasinthiratu makampani opanga nyimbo mpaka kalekale ndi kupangidwa kwake kwa nyimbo Marshall Amplifier.
Iye anasintha kwambiri mmene oimba magitala amagetsi ankafotokozera ndi kukulitsa mawu awo, n’kupanga phokoso lolemera la rock and roll lomwe likuchitikabe mpaka pano.
Panthawi ya ntchito yake, adapereka zida zomveka bwino komanso makabati agitala kwa oimba magitala akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Tiyeni tiwone mozama za moyo ndi zomwe achita Jim Marshall.
Chidule cha Jim Marshall
Jim Marshall (1923-2012) ankadziwika kuti "bambo wa loud". Wobadwira ku London, akuyamikiridwa kuti akupanga rock ndi roll yamasiku ano kukhala yotheka popanga Marshall Amplifier yake mu 1962. Katswiri wodziphunzitsa yekha zamagetsi, adatsegula kasitolo kakang'ono ka nyimbo mu 1960. M'zaka zotsatira, adamaliza mizere itatu yotsogola yokwezera mawu agitala ndi mabass - onse omwe amadziwika kuti Marshall stack. Anathera nthawi yayitali akulimbikitsa kusintha kwa nyimbo za rock ndi siginecha iyi. Pamaso pa Jim Marshall's amps ndi makabati, magitala amagetsi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zida zakumbuyo mu nyimbo zamoyo. Koma atakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zida za Marshall, oimba gitala amatha kumveka pamwamba pa zigawo zawo za nyimbo ndipo makonzedwe a solo adakhala maziko a magulu a rock.
Ma amplifiers a Marshall akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba magitala odziwika kwambiri zaka makumi angapo zapitazi kuphatikiza Hendrix, Clapton, Page Slash, Jack White ndi The Who's Pete Townshend kungotchulapo ochepa. Koma analinso woyambitsa m'magawo ena oimba monga kupanga zida zojambulira za audiophile-grade zodziwika kuti The Major zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri masiku ano ndi okonda kujambula kwa analogi chifukwa cha kamvekedwe kake kakale kofunda. Kuwonjezera pa kumanga zida zoimbira nyimbo; Jim Marshall adathandiziranso maubwenzi ndi osewera odziwika bwino omwe amapereka zidziwitso zamtengo wapatali zoyesera zomveka zatsopano zomwe pambuyo pake zitha kukhala nyimbo zapamwamba zokopa mibadwo yambiri mpaka lero.
Chikoka pa Nyimbo
Jim Marshall anali wochita bizinesi waku Britain yemwe, limodzi ndi mnzake wa bizinesi Ken Bran, adasintha zosangalatsa zanyimbo ndi kupanga upainiya kwa zida zoimbira. Zopanga ndi zatsopano za Marshall zikadali ponseponse m'mitundu ingapo ya nyimbo masiku ano ndipo chikoka chake chakhudza kwambiri kamvekedwe, mitundu ndi masitayilo a nyimbo zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Marshall adakhala ndi mbiri yokhazikika yaukadaulo wachitsanzo komanso kudalirika komwe sikunachitikepo pamakampani panthawiyo. Ma amplifiers ake monga Marshall Super Lead kapena JCM800 anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi ena mwa oimba nyimbo za rock monga Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, Angus Young ndi Slash; kukweza ma sonic awo apadera omwe adalumikizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wawo. Kapangidwe kake ka zotchingira zokamba nkhani zomwe zidasintha momwe omvera amamvera mawu okwezera, zidapangitsa kuti makutu a anthu amve kuchuluka kwa mawu popanda kupotozedwa. Izi zidathandizira zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa "phokoso lalikulu," lomwe limatha kudzaza malo akulu akulu - kutembenuza zochitika zambiri kukhala Superstars usiku wonse.
Kusintha kwa zatsopano za Marshall kudakhudzanso kwambiri kusintha kwa sonic m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga jazz fusion ndi blues komanso nyimbo za funk zomwe zidatchuka kuyambira 1970s mpaka lero. Adakonzanso njira zojambulira situdiyo pobweretsa zokulitsa zatsopano pamsika zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zojambulira za analogi zikhale zokhazikika powonjezera mutu wowonjezera kuti umveke bwino pama frequency aliwonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokondazo; kulola kufufuzidwa kwina kwa malo omvera omwe poyamba sankatha kupezeka monga mamvekedwe a ubweya wa amplifier kapena zolemba zomveka bwino za bass popanda kukakamiza kapena kupotoza kwa harmonic. Zinali zatsopano zamtunduwu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthu za Jim Marshalls zizikondedwa pakati pa osewera ochokera m'magawo onse chifukwa nthawi zonse amapereka kamvekedwe kabwino kapamwamba kofanana ndendende ndi zomwe zimagwira bwino pazosowa zapayekha.
Moyo wakuubwana
Jim Marshall, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Bambo a Loud", anali woyambitsa waku Britain, wopanga zokamba komanso wopanga zida zoimbira nyimbo. Iye anabadwa mu 1923 ku London, UK, m’banja losadziletsa. Anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi nyimbo kuyambira ali wamng'ono, ndipo adakula kuchokera kumeneko: adakhala ubwana wake akuchita magulu osiyanasiyana a jazz ndi blues. M'zaka za m'ma 1940, adatumikira ku British Army ku India, ndipo adasamukira ku UK kukachita ntchito yoimba.
Ubwana
Jim Marshall anabadwira ku London, England pa July 29, 1923. Amayi ake ankagulitsa nyuzipepala ndipo anamuphunzitsa kuwerenga ali ndi zaka zitatu. Anayambanso kuphunzira "mabuku enieni" pa msinkhu uwu ndipo anali kuwerenga mabuku ali ndi zaka zisanu.
Chidwi chake m’nyimbo sichinakula kufikira zaka zake zaunyamata, pamene anayamba kuseŵera gitala ndi gulu la mabwenzi ake ku holo ya tchalitchi chawo. Anayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo monga jazz ndi blues koma palibe imodzi yomwe inali yofunika kwambiri pa nyimbo monga ntchito mpaka Jim anabwera. Atapita ku Hornsey School of Art, Jim adayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi kujambula komanso zojambulajambula zina monga kujambula ndi kusema.
Pokhala wofunitsitsa kufufuza malo osiyanasiyana opanga zida, Jim pamapeto pake adatembenukira kukupanga zida zoimbira - inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe adaphunzira luso lopanga zida zokulitsa gitala. Atagwira ntchito kumakampani angapo osiyanasiyana omwe amayesa machubu ndi zopinga, Jim adatsegula zokulitsa bizinesi yake mu 1961 zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apange makina okweza mawu a Marshall - nyimbo yabwino kwambiri ya rock yomwe akatswiri ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito mpaka pano.
Education
James Marshall Marshall anabadwira ku Melbourne, Australia, pa January 18th, 1980. Anakulira m'midzi ya Inner West ya Sydney ndipo anali ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo usiku wonse kuyambira ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Pamene adakula, talente yake idayamba kutseguka ndikuzama.
Ngakhale kuti James ankapita kusukulu nthaŵi zonse, pamene anali ndi zaka 12 kukonda kwake nyimbo kunali kofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi chidwi ndi luso loimba nyimbo, makolo ake adaumirira kuti amalize sukulu asanayambe ntchito yanthawi zonse.
Ali ndi zaka 15, James adalandira masiyanidwe mu English Literature ndi Music Theory ku North Sydney Boys High School. Loweruka lirilonse pambuyo pake amapita ku makalasi a jazi ku The Sydney Conservatorium of Music kuphunzira Jazz Performance pansi pa mayina olemekezeka kwambiri masiku ano kuphatikizapo Don Burrows ndi Mike Nock. Nthawi zonse patsogolo pa anzake a m'kalasi komanso nthano yomwe inali pamalopo nthawi yomweyo, ali ndi zaka 17 Jim adafunsidwa kuti alowe nawo gulu la Don Burrows Big Band ngati trombonist - mwayi womwe unamupatsa mwayi wopeza oimba ena apamwamba a jazz ku Australia kumupatsa zambiri. kutchuka m'makalabu onse adziko lino monga 'mwana amene amatha kugwedezeka mosavuta' kapena 'chibwana chachinyamata chokhala ndi khutu kupitirira zaka zake'.
Ntchito Yoyambirira
Jim Marshall anabadwira ku London pa July 29, 1923. Anagwira ntchito zingapo zosamvetsetseka pamene anali kukula koma makamaka ankaphunzitsidwa yekha pankhani yoimba zida. Analowa nawo gulu la Royal Air Force pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndipo anayamba kuphunzira za njira zothandiza zokonzera ndi kusunga zida zoimbira. Pambuyo pa ntchito yake, adatsegula malo ogulitsira nyimbo mumsewu wa Denmark wotchedwa Jim Marshall Sound Equipment Ltd., yomwe idasintha kukhala bizinesi yopambana. Posakhalitsa, Jim sanali kugulitsa zinthu zakuthupi zokha komanso sotfware.
Mu 1964, Marshall Amplification adabadwa poyambitsa zotsatira za Distortion ndi Tremolo kwa amplifiers ake - zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi magulu monga The Who, Cream ndi Pinki Floyd. Panthawi imeneyi Jim adagwirizanitsa ma amps ambiri kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa za kasitomala aliyense - kotero sizodabwitsa kuti phokoso lamitundu yosiyanasiyana lomwe linalipo linathandiza kuumba maonekedwe a nyimbo zamakono monga momwe tikudziwira lero. Kuchokera pamawu osokonekera a Pete Townshend pa "My Generation" mpaka Jimmy Page kupeza mawu ena ogwiritsira ntchito ma sonic a nyimbo za Led Zeppelin monga "Whole Lotta Love" - zonse zobzalidwa zolimba ndi mapangidwe ake.
Ntchito Yanyimbo
Jim Marshall anali wojambula wodziwika bwino wa gitala amp amp, yemwe anali ndi udindo womveka bwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya rock ndi roll. Iye anali woyambitsa Marshall Amplification ndipo amadziwika kuti "Marshall sound". Kuphatikiza pa ma amplifiers, Marshall adapanga makabati oyankhula, zokulitsa mawu, zoyambira ndi zida zina zomwe zidathandizira kutchuka ndikusintha kamvekedwe ka rock and roll. Wasiya cholowa chosatha mu nyimbo. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino zimene anathandiza pa nyimbo.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Marshall Amplification
Jim Marshall adayambitsa Marshall Amplification mu 1962, ndikupanga chithunzithunzi cha Marshall chomwe chinayambitsa phokoso la rock and roll yamakono. Kupanga kwanzeru kumeneku kwakhala chida chofunikira kwa oyimba aliyense, kaya akusewera papulatifomu kapena mu studio. Marshall Amplification imapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana-amps, makabati, combos ndi zipangizo-zomwe zimapezeka m'masitolo a nyimbo padziko lonse lapansi.
Marshall adapanganso matekinoloje angapo atsopano, monga 'kuwongolera ma valve' omwe amapereka phokoso lapadera. Kapangidwe kake katsopano kamathandiza oimba magitala kuti azitha kumva ma toni amphamvu kwambiri omwe amamveka ponse pasiteji komanso kudzera pa ma PA, zomwe zimapatsa omwe amawalemba ntchito kuti azisinthasintha. Popanda chikoka cha Jim Marshall ndi Marshall amplifiers ake, nyimbo zamakono za rock zikanapanda siginecha yake ya gitala ndi mawu ake.
Kukula kwa Marshall Sound
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, Jim Marshall adapatsidwa ntchito yopanga chokulitsa chothandizira nyimbo zamakono za jazz ndi rock. Luso lake la uinjiniya linali losayerekezeka ndipo adapanga mawu apadera ndi amplifiers omwe angatanthauze mitundu yonse ya nyimbo. Ma amplifiers ake adatulutsa mawu omvera, omveka bwino komanso omveka pazida zamagetsi. Ma amplifiers ake adapangitsa kuti magulu azikweza mokweza momwe amafunira popanda kusokoneza kutentha kapena kumveka bwino.
Marshall adakankhiranso malire ndi ma bass amps ake omwe anali ndi ma speaker amphamvu a 12-inch omwe amapereka mabass ambiri kuposa kale adamva kuchokera ku amp cabinet. Ndipo patatha zaka zochepa atatsegula shopu yake yoyamba ku London, phokoso lodziwika bwino la Marshall magitala ndipo ma amps anali atafalikira ku UK, Europe ndi kupitirira apo.
Kukhazikitsidwa mu 1967, ma amps odziwika bwino a Marshall a JCM800 adakhala chida chodziwika bwino cha kampaniyo ndikutanthauziranso kamvekedwe ka gitala padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi chiwopsezo chake chochuluka chapakati, ma frequency otsika kwambiri komanso njira zopotoka za ku Britain, JCM800 idathandizira kwambiri kupanga nyimbo zatsopano monga zitsulo, hardcore punk ndi grunge rock. Ngakhale lero ojambula akupitirizabe kusankha Marshall amplifiers kuti apeze siginecha "Marshall sound" yomwe ikupitirizabe kukopa oimba padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutchuka kwa Marshall Amplifier
Chothandizira chachikulu komanso chokhalitsa cha Jim Marshall ku dziko la nyimbo chinali chitukuko cha Marshall amplifier. Idawonekera koyamba mu 1962 ndipo idawuka mwachangu kuti ikhale gawo lodziwika bwino la gitala lamagetsi. Wodziwika kuti ndi "wamphamvu koma womveka", wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ena odziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi - kuphatikiza Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Pete Townshend ndi Slash.
Ma amplifiers a Marshall anali okweza kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwawo (komwe kunali kokulirapo kuposa mitundu yawo yopikisana) kuwapanga kukhala abwino kumakonsati pomwe pamafunika kumveka mawu ambiri. Kabatiyo nthawi zambiri inkapangidwa kuchokera ku birch-ply yolimba yophimbidwa ndi vinyl yotsatiridwa ndi nsalu zachitsulo zoyankhulirana zomwe posakhalitsa zidakhala zodziwika bwino zolumikizidwa ndi ma amplifiers a Marshall.
Kumanga ndi mapangidwe omwe akondedwa ndi Marshall adapangitsa kuti ma frequency a bass azichulukirachulukira kuti apange ma voliyumu apamwamba popanda kusokonekera - zomwe zidasiyanitsa pakati pa anzawo panthawiyo. Kuphatikiza apo, ataphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi za humbucker, zidapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga mawu amphamvu a rock - zomwe magulu monga Led Zeppelin amagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi pamasewera awo.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo ozindikirika nthawi yomweyo (ophatikizidwa ndi mitundu yolimba yamitundu) kuphatikiza kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti Marshall amplifiers kukhala imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino mu mbiri ya Rock 'n' Roll - kupeza Jim marshal recognition monga imodzi mwa nyimbo zamasiku ano zotchuka kwambiri.
Cholowa
Jim Marshall anali mpainiya mu makampani oimba omwe adayambitsa Marshall amplifier ndikusintha phokoso la rock ndi roll. Cholowa chake sichimakumbukiridwa kokha chifukwa cha zida zake zazikulu komanso luso laukadaulo, komanso chifukwa chokonda nyimbo, kulimbikira kusokoneza komanso mzimu watsopano. Tiyeni tiwone momwe Jim Marshall adakhudzira, komanso momwe ntchito yake ikuchitirabe mpaka pano.
Impact pa Nyimbo
Jim Marshall adasintha nyimbo zamakono kwa zaka zambiri ndi ntchito yake yatsopano, yomwe idakwera kufika patali kwambiri m'ma 60s ndi 70s. Wobadwira ku UK mu 1923, injiniya wodziwika bwino wamagetsi adapanga masinthidwe okulitsa omwe amalola oimba kupanga mawu awo okopa - kuchokera ku rock ndi blues mpaka pop ndi jazi.
Kutulukira kwa Marshall kwa amplifier ya chilengedwe chonse kunakhudza kwambiri momwe oimba ankatha kuyimba. Adatulutsa zokulitsa zomwe zimatha kupitiliza kuyimba gitala mwaukali ndipo pamapeto pake adaphatikiza ma speaker 2 × 12 ″ m'makabati. Zinali madzi okwanira kuti magulu asakhalenso otsika kwambiri kumakalabu ausiku; tsopano ankatha kuimba ziwonetsero zaphokoso zaumwini zomveka bwino. Ichi chinali chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu aku Britain omwe ankafuna phokoso lamphamvu m'malo ang'onoang'ono ngati The Cavern Club kapena Marquee Club ku London.
Jim Marshall adasinthanso kupanga zida zanyimbo popanga ma amps olimba okhala ndi zosintha zazikulu ndi miphika yodalirika mkati mwake. Ma amps olimba awa, omwe amatchedwa "Marshall", adathandizira magulu kuti azitha kumveketsa bwino mawu awo, ndikupereka mphamvu zatsopano zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zolemba zawo zibwerere kunyumba. Zochita zongopeka monga Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix Experience ndi Cream adagwiritsa ntchito zokulitsa zatsopanozi, kuwonetsa mphamvu zomwe Marshall adapanga pakupanga rock'n'roll. Mpaka lero, zomwe adachita pa moyo wake zikupitirizabe kukondwerera zochitika zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi; moyenerera kulemekeza mmodzi wa akatswiri oimba nyimbo omwe anthu sanawadziwepo.
Mphoto ndi Kuzindikiridwa
Jim Marshall anali injiniya womvera, woyambitsa, ndi wamalonda yemwe adapanga Marshall Amplifier wodziwika bwino mu 1962. Zogulitsa zake zinasintha phokoso la rock ndi roll, zomwe zinayambitsa nyengo yatsopano yopanga nyimbo. Kampani yake pamapeto pake idzakhala yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi monga mtsogoleri wamakampani opanga ma amplifiers ndi zida zomvera.
Ntchito ya Marshall inapititsa patsogolo mwayi wa rock monga momwe tikudziwira lero, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti adziwike ndi kupereka mphoto chifukwa cha zomwe adachita pamoyo wake wonse. Analemekezedwa ndi Lifetime Achievement Award kuchokera ku Audio Engineering Society ( AES ) pamsonkhano wawo wa 25th ku 1972, ndipo adapambana Royal Academy of Engineering Award for Innovation mu 2002. Kuwonjezera apo, Marshall adalandira ulemu wa Grammy Award mu 2009 chifukwa cha Technical Merit ndi Kudalirika kwa Innovation.
Kampani yomwe ili ndi dzina lake idakalipobe mpaka pano ndipo ikupitiliza kulemekeza cholowa chake popanga zida zamawu zomwe zimatsatira mfundo zake zopangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri pamtengo wokwanira ndikukondwerera malingaliro awo pamsonkhano. Ngakhale wamwalira, zotsatira za Jim Marshall pa nyimbo zidzamveka kosatha chifukwa cha zopereka zake paukadaulo wopanga mawu komanso kuzindikirika ndi makomiti osiyanasiyana a mphotho.
Marshall Music Foundation
M'chikumbukiro chake, Marshall adasiya cholowa chomangidwa pakukulitsa, kukhudzika komanso kusilira nyimbo ndi omwe amapanga. Cholowachi chikupitilira kudzera ku Jim Marshall Foundation - bungwe lachifundo lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu Epulo 2013 ndi cholinga chothandizira anthu ovutika kupeza mwayi wophunzira nyimbo. Mazikowa amagwira ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti nyimbo zitha kupezeka kwa aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za komwe akuchokera kapena momwe alili.
Maziko amathandizira mapulogalamu angapo omwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza akulu ndi ana kuti apindule ndi maphunziro oimba, kuphatikiza pulojekiti ya Sound Bites yophunzitsa nyimbo, mgwirizano wamaphunziro ndi British Army's Music Worthy Program yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka mwayi wopeza maphunziro apamwamba oimba kwa omenyera nkhondo ndi omwe amenya nkhondo. ovulala pochitapo kanthu, ndi 'Ceol+' - pulogalamu yomwe ili ku Northern Ireland yomwe imapereka mwayi wamaphunziro ndi njira zothandizira anthu olumala ndi olumala potenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano yopanga luso.
Webusayiti yovomerezeka ya Jim Marshall Tribute imakhala ngati malo ochezera omwe ali ndi zoyankhulana za ojambula, zithunzi zakale zakusukulu kuyambira achichepere omwe adakhala paulendo ndi zolemba zina zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya moyo wa Marshalls zokuuzani kuti anali munthu wotani. Monga ntchito yopitilira, kampaniyo ikupitiliza kupanga njira za mibadwo yonse padziko lonse lapansi kuti ithokozere munthu wamkuluyu pantchito zodziwika bwino za nyimbo.
Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.
