Maikolofoni Ma Diaphragm: Dziwani Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana

moni kumeneko ndimakonda kupanga zaulere zodzaza ndi malangizo kwa owerenga anga, inu. Sindivomereza zolipirira zolipiridwa, lingaliro langa ndi langa, koma ngati mupeza kuti malingaliro anga ali othandiza ndipo mutha kugula china chake chomwe mumakonda kudzera m'modzi mwamaulalo anga, nditha kukupezani ntchito popanda mtengo wowonjezera kwa inu. Dziwani zambiri

M'munda wa ma acoustics, diaphragm ndi transducer cholinga chosinthira mokhulupirika kusuntha kwamakina ndi mawu. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi nembanemba yopyapyala kapena pepala lazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kusinthasintha kwa mpweya wa mafunde a phokoso kumapangitsa kugwedezeka pa diaphragm yomwe imatha kugwidwa ngati mphamvu ina (kapena kumbuyo).

Kodi Diaphragm ya Maikolofoni ndi chiyani

Kumvetsetsa Ma Diaphragms a Maikolofoni: Mtima Waukadaulo wa Maikolofoni

A maikolofoni diaphragm ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha maikolofoni chomwe chimatembenuza mphamvu yakumveka (mafunde a mawu) kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi (chizindikiro cha audio). Ndichidutswa chopyapyala, chofewa, chomwe chimakhala chozungulira, chopangidwa ndi mylar kapena zida zina zapadera. The diaphragm imayenda mwachifundo ndi kusokonezeka kwa mpweya chifukwa cha mafunde a phokoso, ndipo kayendedwe kameneka kamasintha kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatha kuperekedwa kukhala zipangizo zopangira.

Kufunika kwa Mapangidwe a Diaphragm

Mapangidwe a maikolofoni diaphragm ndiofunika kwambiri, chifukwa amatha kukhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe amtundu wamawu omwe amapangidwa. Izi ndi zina zofunika kuziganizira popanga maikolofoni diaphragm:

Kukula: Kukula kwa diaphragm kumatha kukhala kocheperako (kuchepera inchi imodzi) mpaka kukulirapo, kutengera mtundu wa maikolofoni komanso kuchuluka kwa ma frequency omwe ikufunika kujambula.
Zinthu Zofunika: Zinthu zimene amagwiritsira ntchito popanga diaphragm zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi zosowa za maikolofoni. Zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mylar, zitsulo, ndi riboni.
Mtundu: Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma diaphragms, kuphatikiza ma dynamic, condenser (capacitor), ndi riboni. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito zake.
Maonekedwe: Maonekedwe a diaphragm amatha kukhudza momwe amanjenjemera mwachifundo ndi kusokonezeka kwa mpweya komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mafunde.
Misa: Kuchuluka kwa diaphragm ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chizitha kuyenda mwachifundo ndi mafunde omveka. Diaphragm yosunthika yokhala ndi zocheperako nthawi zambiri imakondedwa pamitundu yambiri ya maikolofoni.

Kusiyana Kwaukadaulo Pakati pa Mitundu ya Diaphragm

Izi ndi zina mwaukadaulo kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya ma diaphragms a maikolofoni:

Yamphamvu: Maikolofoni yosunthika imagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi koyilo yosunthika. Mafunde akamagunda pa diaphragm, chimachititsa kuti koyiloyo isunthe, zomwe zimatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi.
Condenser (Capacitor): Maikolofoni ya condenser imagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yomwe imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa mbale yachitsulo. Diaphragm ndi mbale zimapanga capacitor, ndipo mafunde a phokoso akagunda pa diaphragm, amachititsa kuti mtunda pakati pa diaphragm ndi mbale zisinthe, zomwe zimapanga magetsi.
Riboni: Maikolofoni ya riboni imagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopyapyala (riboni). Mafunde akamagunda pa riboni, amanjenjemera mwachifundo, zomwe zimatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi.

Udindo wa Diaphragm mu Magwiridwe a Maikolofoni

Diaphragm ndiye chinthu chachikulu mu maikolofoni chomwe chimasintha mphamvu yamayimbidwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuthekera kwake kutembenuza mafunde amawu kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikofunikira kuti maikolofoni agwire ntchito yonse. Izi ndi zina zofunika kuziganizira powunika momwe ma diaphragm a maikolofoni amagwirira ntchito:

Sensitivity: Kumva kwa maikolofoni kumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatulutsa potengera mulingo womwe waperekedwa. Diaphragm yodziwika bwino imatulutsa chizindikiro champhamvu chamagetsi pamlingo womwe waperekedwa.
Kuyankha pafupipafupi: Kuyankha pafupipafupi kwa maikolofoni kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwake kojambula ma frequency angapo. Diaphragm yopangidwa bwino imatha kujambula ma frequency osiyanasiyana popanda kuyambitsa kupotoza kwakukulu kapena zinthu zina.
Chitsanzo cha Polar: Maonekedwe a polar a maikolofoni amatanthawuza momwe amamvera. Diaphragm yopangidwa bwino imatha kujambula bwino mawu kuchokera komwe mukufuna ndikuchepetsa kumveka kwa mawu kuchokera mbali zina.

Muyenera Kudziwa

Diaphragm ya maikolofoni ndi gawo lofunikira la maikolofoni iliyonse, ndipo mapangidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhudza kwambiri mtundu wa siginecha yomwe imapangidwa. Poyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maikolofoni, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kapangidwe kake ndi kachitidwe ka diaphragm, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pagawo lonse la maikolofoni.

Mastering Diaphragm Performance Factors for Microphones

Ma diaphragm akulu amakhala ndi kuyankha kotalikirapo komanso kumva kwafupipafupi, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kujambula nyimbo ndi mawu.
Ma diaphragm ang'onoang'ono amayankha kwambiri pamawu okwera kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambulira zida zoyimbira komanso ngati maikolofoni am'mwamba mu zida za ng'oma.

Material World: Chikoka cha Diaphragm Material pa Sound Quality

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga diaphragm zimatha kusokoneza kwambiri kamvekedwe ka maikolofoni.
Ma diaphragmu a aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama maikolofoni osinthika ndikupanga mawu ofunda, achilengedwe.
Maikolofoni a riboni nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo zopyapyala za aluminiyamu kapena zida zina zowongolera kuti apange diaphragm yomwe imayankha bwino pamawu okwera kwambiri.
Ma maikolofoni a Condenser nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito filimu yopyapyala ya polima kapena zinthu zamagetsi kuti apange diaphragm yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mafunde amawu.

Maloto Amagetsi: Ntchito Yamagetsi Amagetsi mu Kuchita kwa Diaphragm

Maikolofoni a condenser amafunikira chaji yamagetsi kuti igwire ntchito, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi magetsi a DC kudzera pa cholumikizira cha maikolofoni.
Mphamvu yamagetsi pa diaphragm imalola kuti igwedezeke poyankha mafunde omwe akubwera, kupanga chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chingathe kukulitsidwa ndikujambulidwa.
Ma maikolofoni a electret condenser ali ndi chaji yamagetsi yokhazikika yomangidwira pa diaphragm, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Kuyika Zonse Pamodzi: Momwe Zochita za Diaphragm Zimakhudzira Kusankhidwa Kwa Mic

Kumvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito a diaphragm ndikofunikira pakusankha maikolofoni yabwino pazosowa zanu.
Ma diaphragm akuluakulu ndi abwino pojambulira nyimbo ndi mawu, pomwe ma diaphragm ang'onoang'ono ndi abwino kwa zida zomvekera ndi zida za ng'oma.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga diaphragm zimatha kukhudza kwambiri kamvekedwe ka maikolofoni, pomwe aluminiyamu, riboni, ndi polima ndizosankha wamba.
Maonekedwe a diaphragm amatha kukhudza kwambiri kamvekedwe ka maikolofoni ndi kamvekedwe kake, ndi malo athyathyathya omwe amapanga phokoso lachilengedwe komanso malo opindika ndikupanga mawu amitundu yambiri.
Mphamvu yamagetsi pa diaphragm ndiyofunikira kwa maikolofoni a condenser, ndi ma maikolofoni a electret condenser kukhala chisankho chodziwika kuti chikhale chosavuta komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mfundo ya Acoustic: Pressure Versus Pressure-Gradient

Pankhani ya ma maikolofoni, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mfundo zamayimbidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mafunde a mawu: kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga-gradient. Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa za njira ziwiri izi:

Maikolofoni a Pressure: Maikolofoniwa amazindikira mafunde a mawu poyesa kusintha kwa mpweya umene umachitika pamene mafunde amagunda pa diaphragm ya maikolofoni. Maikolofoni yamtunduwu imadziwikanso kuti maikolofoni ya omnidirectional chifukwa imatenga mafunde amawu kuchokera mbali zonse mofanana.

Maikolofoni a Pressure-gradient: Maikolofoniwa amazindikira mafunde a mawu poyesa kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pakati pa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa diaphragm ya maikolofoni. Maikolofoni yamtundu wotere imadziwikanso kuti maikolofoni yolunjika chifukwa imamva bwino pamawu akuchokera mbali zina kuposa ena.

Momwe Ma Microphone a Pressure-Gradient Amagwirira ntchito

Kuti mumvetsetse kusiyana pakati pa ma microphone opanikizika ndi kuthamanga-gradient, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe maikolofoni amtundu uliwonse amagwirira ntchito:

Maikolofoni yothamanga: Mafunde a mawu akafika pa diaphragm ya maikolofoni, amachititsa kuti diaphragm igwedezeke uku ndi uku. Kuyenda kumeneku kumapangitsa kusintha kwa mpweya wa mpweya umene umazindikiridwa ndi transducer ya maikolofoni. Chizindikiro cha audio chomwe chimachokera kwenikweni chimayimira mwachindunji mafunde amawu omwe amagunda diaphragm ya maikolofoni.

Maikolofoni othamanga: Mafunde a mawu akafika pa diaphragm ya maikolofoni, amapangitsa kuti diaphragm igwedezeke uku ndi uku m'njira yofanana. Komabe, chifukwa kumbuyo kwa diaphragm kumayang'aniridwa ndi malo ena omveka bwino kuposa kutsogolo, matalikidwe ndi gawo la mafunde omwe amafika kumbuyo kwa diaphragm adzakhala osiyana ndi kutsogolo. Izi zimapangitsa kusiyana kwa momwe diaphragm imachitira ndi mafunde a mawu, omwe amazindikiridwa ndi transducer ya maikolofoni. Chizindikiro cha audio chomwe chimabwera ndi kusakanikirana kovutirapo kwa mafunde achindunji komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa gawo ndi matalikidwe.

Kumvetsetsa Mitundu ya Polar

Chimodzi mwazosiyana kwambiri pakati pa kukakamiza ndi ma microphone otsika kwambiri ndi momwe amaonera mafunde a mawu, omwe amakhudza kukhudzidwa kwa maikolofoni ndi mawonekedwe ake. Maonekedwe a polar a maikolofoni amafotokoza momwe imayankhira pamawu akuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nawa mitundu itatu yotchuka kwambiri ya polar:

Cardioid: Njirayi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mamvekedwe otuluka kutsogolo kwa maikolofoni komanso mamvekedwe omveka kuchokera kumbali ndi kumbuyo.

Maonekedwe a Bidirectional: Njirayi imakhala yomveka mofanana ndi phokoso lochokera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa maikolofoni koma osamva phokoso lochokera m'mbali.

Omnidirectional: Njira iyi imakhudzidwa mofanana ndi phokoso lochokera mbali zonse.

Ma Diaphragm Adilesi Yapamwamba Kuyerekeza ndi Maikolofoni Yapambali

Maikolofoni apamwamba amapangidwa ndi diaphragm yokhazikika pathupi la mic. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuyimitsidwa kosavuta kwa maikolofoni ndipo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pojambula ndi kujambula pamanja. Phindu lalikulu la maikolofoni a ma adilesi apamwamba ndikuti amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuwona diaphragm, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyimitsa maikolofoni ndikuwongolera njira yoyenera.

Mitundu Yodziwika ndi Mitundu Yama adilesi Yapamwamba ndi Maikolofoni Adilesi Yapambali

Pali mitundu yambiri ya maikolofoni ndi mitundu pamsika, iliyonse ili ndi mapangidwe ake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi ma maikolofoni apamwamba adilesi ndi Rode NT1-A, AKG C414, ndi Shure SM7B. Zina mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zama maikolofoni am'mbali ndi Neumann U87, Sennheiser MKH 416, ndi Shure SM57.

Maikolofoni Yabwino Kwambiri Pazosowa Zanu

Pamapeto pake, maikolofoni yabwino kwambiri pazosowa zanu idzadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo malo anu ojambulira, mtundu wa mawu omwe mukujambula, ndi bajeti yanu. Ndikofunika kuchita kafukufuku wanu ndikuyang'ana ndemanga ndi zitsanzo zomveka musanagule. Mfundo zina zofunika kuziganizira posankha maikolofoni ndi monga:

Kutengeka kwa diaphragm
Mtundu wa polar wa mic
Mapangidwe a thupi ndi kukula kwa maikolofoni
Mtengo wamtengo ndi mtengo wonse wandalama

The Moving-Coil Diaphragm: A Dynamic Microphone Element

Mfundo yomwe imachititsa kuti koyiloyo imveke bwino imadalira mmene kachipangizo kameneka kamakhalira pafupi ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu, m'pamenenso maikolofoni amamva bwino kwambiri. Diaphragm nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena aluminiyamu ndipo imayikidwa mu kapisozi yomwe imamangiriridwa ndi maikolofoni. Mafunde akamagunda pa diaphragm, amanjenjemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti koyilo yolumikizidwayo isunthike mu mphamvu ya maginito, ndikupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imatumizidwa kudzera mu zingwe za maikolofoni.

Kodi Ubwino ndi Kuipa Ndi Chiyani?

ubwino:

Ma diaphragm oyenda nthawi zambiri amakhala osamva kwambiri ngati ma diaphragm a condenser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamangomva phokoso losafunikira lakumbuyo.
Zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupirira kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamawu popanda kusokoneza.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa ma condenser mics, kuwapangitsa kukhala njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi bajeti.

kuipa:

Ma diaphragm osuntha samva ngati ma condenser diaphragms, kutanthauza kuti sangatenge zambiri pamawu.
Amafuna chizindikiro champhamvu kuti agwire ntchito, zomwe zingakhale zovuta ngati mukujambula chinthu chomwe mwachibadwa chimakhala chochepa.
Poyerekeza ndi ma diaphragms a riboni, sangakhale ndi mawu achilengedwe.

Kodi Zimasiyana Bwanji ndi Ma Diaphragms Ena?

Poyerekeza ndi ma diaphragms a riboni, ma diaphragms osuntha nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba ndipo amatha kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa mawu okwera popanda kusokoneza.
Poyerekeza ndi ma diaphragms a condenser, ma diaphragms osuntha samva bwino ndipo amafuna chizindikiro champhamvu kuti agwire ntchito, koma samakondanso kumva phokoso losafunikira lakumbuyo.

Ndi Mitundu Yanji Imagwiritsira Ntchito Ma Diaphragm Osuntha?

Shure SM57 ndi SM58 ndi awiri mwa maikolofoni omwe amadziwika kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma diaphragms osuntha.
Electro-Voice RE20 ndi maikolofoni ina yotchuka yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito diaphragm yosuntha.

Ponseponse, kodi Moving-Coil Diaphragm Ndi Njira Yabwino?

Ngati mukufuna maikolofoni yokhazikika, yokhoza kuthana ndi kugunda kwamphamvu kwa mawu popanda kupotoza, ndipo sachedwa kunyamula phokoso losafunikira lakumbuyo, ndiye kuti diaphragm yosuntha ingakhale yabwino. Komabe, ngati mukufuna maikolofoni yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imatha kutenga zambiri m'mawu, ndiye kuti diaphragm ya condenser ingakhale yabwinoko. Zonse zimatengera zomwe mukufuna maikolofoni ndi bajeti yanu.

The Ribbon Diaphragm: Chinthu Chosakhwima Chomwe Chimapanga Phokoso Labwino Kwambiri

Zina mwazabwino zogwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni ya riboni diaphragm ndi monga:

Kamvekedwe kabwino kwambiri: Kutha kwa riboni kwa diaphragm kunyamula mawu achilengedwe, osasinthika kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino chojambulira zida ndi mawu mu studio.
Kutalikirana kwa ma frequency: Ma Riboni mics nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana kuposa mitundu ina ya maikolofoni, kuwalola kuti azitha kujambula mawu osiyanasiyana.
Kukula kwakung'ono: Ma mics a riboni nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono kuposa ma condenser achikhalidwe komanso ma mics osinthika, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino chojambulira pamalo othina.
Phokoso lakale: Makanema a riboni ali ndi mbiri yotulutsa mawu ofunda, akale omwe anthu ambiri amawakonda.
Phokoso lapadera: Ma mics a Ribbon adapangidwa kuti azinyamula phokoso kuchokera m'mbali, osati kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale phokoso lapadera.
Kapangidwe kake: Chifukwa ma mics a riboni samangokhala, safuna mphamvu ya phantom kapena magwero ena akunja kuti agwire ntchito.

Kodi Mitundu Ikuluikulu Ya Ma Ribbon Diaphragm Microphone Ndi Chiyani?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maikolofoni a riboni diaphragm:

Ma mics okhala ndi riboni: Ma mics awa safuna mphamvu iliyonse yakunja kuti agwire ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala osalimba komanso omvera kuposa maikolofoni a riboni.
Ma mics a riboni: Ma mics awa ali ndi ma preamp circuitry omwe amakulitsa chizindikiro kuchokera ku riboni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mulingo wamphamvu kwambiri. Ma mics okhala ndi riboni nthawi zambiri amafuna mphamvu ya phantom kuti igwire ntchito.

The Condenser (Capacitor) Diaphragm mu Maikolofoni

The condenser diaphragm ndi yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imatha kumva ngakhale phokoso laling'ono kwambiri. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa chakuti diaphragm nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zinthu zoonda kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwedezeka mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, maikolofoni ya condenser imafuna gwero lamphamvu, lomwe limaperekedwa kudzera pa gwero lamphamvu la phantom, lomwe limalola kuti lipange chizindikiro champhamvu chamagetsi.

Chifukwa Chiyani Imawerengedwa Kuti Ndi Capacitor?

The condenser diaphragm imatengedwa ngati capacitor chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za capacitance kupanga chizindikiro chamagetsi. Capacitance ndi kuthekera kwa dongosolo kusunga ndalama zamagetsi, ndipo pankhani ya condenser diaphragm, kusintha kwa mtunda pakati pa mbale ziwiri zachitsulo kumapanga kusintha kwa capacitance, komwe kumasandulika kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi.

Kodi Tanthauzo la DC ndi AC Mogwirizana ndi Condenser Diaphragm Ndi Chiyani?

DC imayimira Direct current, yomwe ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imayenda mbali imodzi. AC imayimira alternating current, yomwe ndi mtundu wamagetsi amagetsi omwe amasintha njira nthawi ndi nthawi. Pankhani ya condenser diaphragm, gwero lamagetsi lomwe limapereka magetsi ku dongosolo likhoza kukhala DC kapena AC, kutengera kapangidwe ka maikolofoni.

Kodi Udindo wa Condenser Diaphragm Pakujambula ndi Chiyani?

The condenser diaphragm imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pojambula potembenuza mafunde a phokoso kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimatha kusungidwa ndi kusinthidwa. Kukhudzika kwake komanso kuthekera kwake kojambula ma frequency angapo kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino chojambulira mawu ndi zida zoyimbira, komanso kujambula mawu ozungulira mchipinda kapena chilengedwe. Kapangidwe kake kokhazikika komanso kamvekedwe kachilengedwe kamapangitsanso kukhala chisankho chabwino chojambula zenizeni zenizeni zakuchita.

Kutsiliza

Kotero, ndicho chimene diaphragm ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito mu maikolofoni. Ndi chinthu chosakhwima chomwe chimasintha mphamvu yamayimbidwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri la maikolofoni, kotero muyenera kudziwa chomwe chiri tsopano kuti mudziwe momwe imagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, musawope kufunsa mafunso ngati simukudziwa ndipo nthawi zonse muzikumbukira kuti zikuyenda! Zikomo powerenga ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti mwaphunzira china chatsopano!

Ndine Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa Neaera komanso wotsatsa malonda, abambo, ndipo ndimakonda kuyesa zida zatsopano ndi gitala pamtima pa zomwe ndimakonda, ndipo pamodzi ndi gulu langa, ndakhala ndikupanga zolemba zakuya zamabulogu kuyambira 2020. kuthandiza owerenga okhulupirika ndi maupangiri ojambulira ndi gitala.

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