George William Fullerton (March 7, 1923 - Julaị 4, 2009) bụ onye ya na ya na-akpakọ ogologo oge. Leo Fender na, tinyere fenda na Dale Hyatt, onye nchoputa nke G&L Ngwa egwu. A na-akwado ya na onyinye imewe nke butere n'ịmepụta ụbọ ọkụ ọkụ siri ike nke mbụ ọtụtụ mmadụ rụpụtara.
George Fullerton bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ America onye na-eme ụbọ akwara bụ onye nyere aka mepụta na ịkpụzi ụda ụbọ akwara ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Nhazi ohuru ya, dika Fullerton Onye nzuzu, hapụrụ mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na ụwa egwu na egwu guitar. Mana ònye bụ onye a ma ama nke America na-emepụta guitar?
Edemede a ga-enyocha nkọwa nke ndụ na ọrụ George Fullerton.
Nkọwa nke George Fullerton
George Fullerton (1924-2009) bụ onye American luthier na guitarist tọrọ ntọala Fender Musical Instruments Corporation na 1946. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ Leo Fender na Don Randall, ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọganihu nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, site na ịmepụta guitar Stratocaster iconic. iji gbasaa iru ya n'ahịa mba ụwa. Fullerton mekwara Fender amplifiers na igbe okwu, yana ngwa dị ka guitar bass eletrik nke mbụ, Precision Bass.
A mụrụ Fullerton na Los Angeles, California ma nwee ọmarịcha egwu tupu ya na Fender sonye. Ọ gụrụ kemistri na UCLA ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ nwa oge na ụlọ ahịa ndozi redio. Site na ahụmịhe a ọ nwetara ihe ọmụma nke injinịa eletrik nke o tinyere na mmekorita ya na Fender. Fullerton bụ onye bụ isi n'ịmepụta amplifiers nke ndị egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ejikarị eme ihe, atụmatụ ya na-enyere ọkwa mmepụta ụda dị elu nke na-eme ka ụdị egwu dị egwu gbasaa na rock nroll.
Amara maka nlezianya anya ya na nkọwa zuru oke, Fullerton guzobere ọkọlọtọ na-adịgide adịgide maka nka nka n'ime lutherie nke ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu kwuru na-enye ha ngwa na-ewepụta ụda ha chọrọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma kpalie arụmọrụ ha na ogbo yana ndekọ. Dị ka ihe na-egosi na ya ịga nke ọma na nraranye ya kacha mma, ọtụtụ Fender ngwá na-anọgide na-emepụta dị ka George si mbụ chepụta ihe karịrị afọ 70 ka e kere ha taa ọkachamara guitarists iyi na ha dị ka ndị bu ha ụzọ mere ọtụtụ iri afọ tupu ha!
Ndụ mbido
George Fullerton bụ onye America na-egwu egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe kacha mara amara maka ịmepụta Fender Stratocaster electric guitar na 1954. A mụrụ na Anaheim, California, na 1921, nwata Fullerton jupụtara na egwu na ịmepụta redio site na akụkụ mapụtara. Ọ na-agakarị n'otu ụlọ ahịa egwu dị n'ógbè ahụ bụ́ ebe ọ pụrụ ime ihe ma nụ ihe ndị kasị ọhụrụ n'egwú ndị e dekọrọ. N'afọ ndị 1940, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Leo Fender, onye guzobere Fender Music Corp, na ọnụ ha malitere ịmepụta ụfọdụ ụdị guitar ọkụ eletrik mbụ.
Ebee na mgbe a mụrụ George Fullerton?
George Fullerton mụrụ na Eprel 25, 1902 na Decatur, Illinois. Nna ya, George Claud Fullerton, rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba ụda maka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ obodo na nne ya Grace Everingham bụ nwunye. Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Los Angeles na 1910 mgbe George dị afọ asatọ na o nwere echiche siri ike site na nwata. Ọ na-enwe mmasị karịsịa iji ngwa eletrik na-emekọ ihe, n'ihi na ndị mụrụ ya na-agba ya ume ịchụso ihe omume n'èzí ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ka ọ na-etolite, mmasị Fullerton na egwu na ngwá electronic na-eto eto wee wuo mandolin eletrik nwere eriri abụọ mgbe ọ dị afọ 13. N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị ebumpụta ụwa maka ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ sitere na ihe ochie, mmasị ya maka injinịa malitere nke ga-emesị tinye aka na ya. imepụta otu n'ime ngwa egwu kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa - guitar Fender Stratocaster.
Gịnị bụ ezinụlọ ya?
George Fullerton mụrụ na October 26, 1950 na Southern California. Nne na nna ya, Moses na Carla Fullerton, sitere na Bekee na French, n'otu n'otu. Nna ya na-azụ ahịa ịkwa nkà ezinụlọ na nne ya bụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ. George nwere otu nwanne Arthur tọrọ ya na ụmụnne abụọ ndị ọ tọrọ, ụmụnne ejima Charley na Eugene.
George na-etolite ọtụtụ oge na ụmụnne ya na-arụ ụgbọ elu ihe nlereanya site na osisi balsa na ogbako nke nna ya gbapụrụ site na okpuru ulo nke ezinụlọ ha ebe ọ zụlitere George ịhụnanya maka tinkering na ihe iji mee ka ha dịkwuo mma. Ọ zụlitekwara mmasị maka egwu site n'ige ihe ndekọ nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya na-esikarị na mahadum ebe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-alọta n'oge ahụ.
George gara Monroe Elementary School dị nso na akuku ebe o tolitere wee gaa na Garfield Junior High School tupu ọ gụchaa na Lincoln High School. N'oge ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mmasị George nwere na sayensị anụ ahụ tolitere mgbe ọ chọpụtachara ngwá electronic yana ọrụ arụ ọrụ - o jiri ihe ọmụma a na-eji ihe ndị dị ka redio na usoro ọkà okwu tinker mgbe ọ na-akụziri onwe ya nkà mmụta egwu n'oge oge ya.
Ọbụna ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ya site n'idozi amplifiers maka ndị enyi mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise! Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Fullerton mere mkpebi iji lekwasị anya n'ime ka egwu bụrụ ọrụ ya nke mere ka ọ mepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ gbanwee otú e si eme guitar taa.
Gịnị bụ agụmakwụkwọ ya?
George Fullerton bụ onye nkuzi n'onwe ya n'ichepụta na nka nka. N'ịbụ onye tolitere n'ime ime obodo Ontario, ọ nwetara nkasi obi n'iji ígwè ọrụ na ngwá electronic na-emekọ ihe. Ihe omume ntụrụndụ a gbanwere ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ agụụ ya, ọ malitekwara inyocha teknụzụ nke ụgbụ eletrik.
Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Fullerton si Ontario kwaga California n'ihi ikike nna ya wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Laguna Beach. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gara n'ihu na Mahadum Stanford bụ ebe ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta na nkà na ụzụ eletrik na 1941. E mesịrị wepụ ya na ọrụ agha n'ihi ọnọdụ obi, na-enye ya ohere ilekwasị anya na mmasị ya na-eto eto maka nkà na ụzụ guitar.
Fullerton malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye injinia nwere ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa dị iche iche n'oge Agha IIwa nke Abụọ, mana nke a mechara laghachi azụ n'ọchịchọ teknụzụ ya dị ka igwe amplifiers tube na akụrụngwa eletriki ndị ọzọ malitere ịgbasa n'etiti ndị na-egwu egwu. Mgbe agha ahụ biri, Fullerton kpebiri ịchụso ọrụ dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nke onwe ya bụ ọkachamara n'ịmepụta ngwaọrụ omenala maka ndị na-egwu egwu. Otu n'ime ihe ndị a mepụtara ga-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe akụkọ egwu ruo mgbe ebighị ebi: Fender Electric Guitar!
ọrụ
George Fullerton bụ onye injinia ọkụ eletrik nke na-arụ ọrụ maka Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. A na-akwụ ya ụgwọ maka imepụta egwu egwu Fender Stratocaster guitar, na ntinye aka ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere Fender Precision Bass na Amplifier. A raara ọrụ Fullerton n'ime nyocha na ịmepụta ụzọ ka mma iji teknụzụ guitar eletrik. Ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka ịmepụta guitar ọkụ eletrik mbụ siri ike na 1950.
Gịnị bụ ụzọ ọrụ ya?
George Fullerton nwere ogologo ọrụ na-adọrọ mmasị, malite na nwata dị afọ iri na ise mgbe ọ debanyere aha na United States Navy. Mgbe njem afọ anọ gachara, ọ gbasoro akwụkwọ n'ihu wee banye na ngalaba nke injinịa eletrik wee nweta ọtụtụ ikike ikike metụtara ọrụ ya.
Dị ka onye injinia, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ebe ọ nwetara ahụmịhe n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke injinia, site na ike ọkụ ruo n'ichepụta electromechanical. Ahụmahụ ọrụ ya n'ikpeazụ dugara ya ịbanye na nkedo nke ndị ọrụ injinia na Fender Electric Instruments Company na Fullerton, California. Na Fender, George nwere akụkụ dị mkpa n'ịmepụta guitars eletrik na amplifiers maka ụfọdụ ndị na-egwu egwu kachasị elu n'oge anyị dị ka Eric Clapton.
George nọrọ na Fender ruo 1964 tupu ya ekpebie ịchụso ọdịmma ndị ọzọ dị ka ịghọ prọfesọ na Fullerton College ebe ọ kụziri ọmụmụ banyere acoustics na electronics ihe karịrị afọ iri na atọ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1977. N'ime oge a George nọgidere na-etinye aka na ngwá egwú site na ngwá egwú. na-emepụta ihe egwu egwu nke na-abara ndị na-agụ guitar n'ụwa niile uru taa.
Injinia a ma ama nwụrụ na Nọvemba 29th 2008 na afọ 85 na-eto eto ka ọ hapụsịrị ihe nketa nke emetụtala ọtụtụ mmadụ kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ n'ụzọ dị iche iche site na nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru dị ka onye injinia eletriki.
Olee ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị ọ rụzuru pụtara ìhè?
A na-ekwukarị na George Fullerton bụ onye mepụtara ụfọdụ ụbọ akwara kacha asọpụrụ n'ụwa. Ọ malitere dị ka onye na-amụ akwụkwọ na Fender na 1945 ma ọ ga-anọ ebe ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara narị afọ, na-emecha rịgoro na onye isi oche na onye isi nchịkwa.
N'oge ya na Fender, Fullerton kere ọtụtụ ụdị akụrụngwa ama ama nke gara n'ihu na-akpụzi ụda egwu egwu a ma ama ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Ọ haziri guitar eletrik nke mbụ siri ike na-aga nke ọma, na-ewebata atụmatụ dị ka mkpanaka truss na contours dị ntụsara ahụ nke wepụrụ ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ nke ngwa eletrik mbụ. Ọrụ ya setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ nke ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ nwere ike tụọ onwe ha.
Fullerton tọrọ ntọala dị ukwuu maka ụdị mmepụta ọgbara ọhụrụ site na nkà imewe ya mgbe ọ na-enyere aka imezigharị ihe mbụ Leo Fender mere n'ime mpempe akara ngosi dịka Mustang, Bronco na Musicmaster guitars. Ọganihu ya kachasị ukwuu bụ ịmepụta isi ụlọ ahịa isii n'ime ahịrị-ihe ọhụrụ nke nyere ndị na-emepụta ohere ịmepụta ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ndị a na-amata n'ọtụtụ ebe n'emebighị ọdịdị ha ma ọ bụ ọdịdị ha.
N'oge na-adịghị anya, ihe nlereanya a na-emezigharị ghọrọ ikike nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka Gretsch na Rickenbacker, bụ ndị ji ya mee ihe dị ka ikpo okwu nke ha nwere ike iji wuo ngwá ọrụ nke ha dabere na ụkpụrụ Fullerton nke imeziwanye egwu egwu na ụda olu.
Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka imepụta ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ maka Fender Guitar, Fullerton depụtara ọtụtụ akụkọ teknụzụ gbasara iwu ụbọ akwara wee dee akwụkwọ ntuziaka ma maka ndị egwuregwu ọkachamara na ndị na-achọ ihe omume ntụrụndụ. Karịsịa, o dere "Ntuziaka Mmezi Onye ọkpụkpọ Guitar" (1977), "The Fender Telecaster: History & Development" (1992) na "Guitar Player Repair Guide Volume 2: Electric Guitar - Ntuzi zuru ezu maka Ntọala na Nlekọta" (2005). George Fullerton nyekwara aka n'ịtọ ntọala abụọ na-abụghị egwu egwu na-etinye aka na agụmakwụkwọ: The International Academy of Design & Technology (nke bụbu LACTI) na La Jolla, CA; Na Eclipse Aviation nke Albuquerque New Mexico - Ụlọ ọrụ na-arụpụta ụgbọ elu dị ọkụ ugbu a mgbe n'otu oge ahụ na-emepụta sọftụwia ọzụzụ pilot maka ojiji site na ụlọ akwụkwọ ụgbọ elu gafee America na gburugburu ụwa.
Hapụrụ
George Fullerton bụ nna ukwu nke ụbọ eletrik, na-ekepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ kacha mara amara. Ihe okike kacha ewu ewu bụ Fender Stratocaster na Telecaster guitars, ha abụọ na-eduzi ụlọ ọrụ. A makwaara ya maka mmasị ya maka egwu na sayensị, bụ nke kpaliri ya ịmepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ngwá ọrụ kachasị emetụta na akụkọ ihe mere eme rock na Roll. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na ihe nketa ya.
Olee ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa ọ nyere?
George Fullerton bụ onye ama ama n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu na injin guitar. O mebere gita Fender Stratocaster, otu n'ime gita eletrik kacha ewu ewu n'oge niile. Ọ zụlitekwara The Fender Precision Bass, guitar bass eletrik mbụ na-ewe iwe.
Stratocaster bụ ọmarịcha egwu egwu nke ndị egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ na ndị aficionados na-aga n'ihu. A hụla ya n'ọgbọ n'ọtụtụ dịgasị iche iche nke ntọala egwu, gụnyere nkume nkume, jazz, obodo na blues ma ghọọ akara ngosi akara ngosi maka ndị niile na-achọ ụda pụrụ iche nke ha.
Ihe enyemaka ndị ọzọ Fullerton nyere na ụwa egwu bụ The Fender Precision bass, nke mere ka ọ mepụta ọtụtụ ụdị bass ndị ọzọ n'oge ọrụ ya na Fender dị ka Jazz bass, P-Bass (Precision Bass) na Mustang basses. Nke ọ bụla n'ime ụdị ndị a nyere ndị egwuregwu nhọrọ karịa n'ihe gbasara nka nka na ọkwa mmefu ego dị iche iche. Taa bụ ndị egwu ama ama n'ụwa niile na-eji ngwa ndị a na-achọ mgbanwe ụda olu n'ụdị egwu ha.
N'ikpeazụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ George Fullerton hapụrụ anyị ọtụtụ echiche o wetara na ndụ n'oge afọ 25 ya na Fender Music Corporation; Otu ịbụ tremolo àkwà mmiri nke na-eme ka mgbanwe ụda olu dị na ngwa eriri dị ka guitars eletrik na violin maka njikwa vibrato zuru ụwa ọnụ - nke a aghọwo ihe a maara dị ka Mexico Standard taa n'ọtụtụ ụdị gburugburu ngwa ụda ụda taa dị ka guitars oge ochie wdg.
Ewezuga nnukwu ihe ndị ọ rụpụtara nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu George Fullerton nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ọtụtụ nkọwapụta pụrụ iche n'elu ihe owuwu guitar dị ka inye aka n'olu na-emegide ịgbanye olu n'olu n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ akụrụngwa mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Fender nke na-eme ka amata ha ruo taa na-enye anyị. ụda ndị a maara nke ọma nọgidere na-adị ndụ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ na-emetụta ihe ọ bụla ampilifaya ọgbara ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ igbe stom nke emebere kemgbe ahụ gụnyere flanging/phase/mpression light up amplifiers channel switching! Ihe a niile na-eme ka ngwa na-edozi ahụ dịkwuo mma mgbe a na-egwuri egwu na ọkwa ọ bụla a pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche n'ụwa niile na-enye ụda mara mma anyị ka na-anụ ụtọ ugbu a!
Kedu ka ọrụ ya siri metụta ụlọ ọrụ guitar?
George Fullerton, onye a mụrụ na August 1, 1923, bụ onye dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ guitar. Ọrụ ya na Leo Fender na Fender Musical Instruments kere ọtụtụ ụdị Fender ndị a ma ama nke ka na-ewu ewu taa.
Fullerton jikọrọ aka na Leo Fender na 1946 iji mepụta ụfọdụ n'ime guitars na amplifiers ama ama nke Fender Musical Instruments mere. N'ime ihe okike ha bụ Telecaster, Precision Bass, Stratocaster na Jazzmaster. Onyinye duo abụghị naanị gbanwere ụda egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ kamakwa ọ sụrụ ụzọ ngwa ngwa arụpụtara nke mere ka ndị na-egwu guitar ndị amateur banye n'òtù ndị ọkachamara n'ụzọ dị mfe karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ.
Mmetụta nke mmepụta Fullerton na Fender ka na-enweta taa na ụlọ ọrụ egwu niile. Ndị na-egwu egwu sitere na ụdị niile hụrụ ọrụ ha n'anya, gụnyere jazz, rock & roll na blues Players ndị na-eji guitar ndị a nke ukwuu na ngosi ha. Ọtụtụ narị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'ụwa niile na-eji Telecasters na Stratocasters dịka akụkụ nke akụrụngwa ọkọlọtọ ha mgbe ha na-egwu ndụ ma ọ bụ na-edekọ na studio. A gara n'ihu na-ewepụta gita mbinye aka emebere maka ndị egwuregwu ama ama kemgbe e mepụtara ụdị mbụ ha laa azụ na 1946, na-egosi etu Fullerton na Faulkner si na-eche n'ihu.
Nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma nke ngwa Fender nwetara sitere n'ọhụụ George Fullerton maka ụdị ngwa ọhụrụ nke nwere ike iru n'ahịa ahịa buru ibu karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ maka onye ọ bụla na-egwu guitar ma ọ bụ onye na-ere ahịa egwu. Ọ bụ n'ihi mbọ ya ka ọtụtụ nde mmadụ gburugburu ụwa ghọrọ ndị nwe ampeg na-anụ ọkụ n'obi yana ndị na-akwado Telecaster ma ọ bụ Stratocaster - ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka ihe ọhụrụ ya karịrị afọ 70 gara aga, ọ nweghị nke a ga-ekwe omume taa!
mmechi
George Fullerton bụ otu n'ime ndị kacha enye aka na ụlọ ọrụ guitar Fender n'ụwa. O kere òkè dị mkpa na nhazi na mmepe nke guitar Stratocaster ama ama, na mmetụta ya nwere ike ịhụ n'ọtụtụ guitar nke ndị na-egwu egwu na-eji taa. Nraranye ya, imepụta ihe na agụụ ya dị ịrịba ama n'ezie wee hapụ ihe nketa na-adịgide adịgide na ụlọ ọrụ guitar. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-eleba anya na ndụ George Fullerton na mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide o nwere na ụwa egwu.
Nchịkọta nke ndụ George Fullerton na ọrụ ya
George Fullerton mụrụ na Akron, Ohio na 1922. Ọ kwagara Seattle tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ amalite. Ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na ndị agha mmiri n'oge agha ma jiri ọkụ eletrik na eletrọnịkị nweta nkà ya. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ gara ihe taa bụ Mahadum Washington wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na injinịa eletrịkị, wee nweta akara ugo mmụta masta na California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Ahụmahụ Fullerton nwere na ngwa eletrọnịkị, jikọtara ya na nka ya na sayensị na injinia, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-achọ ihe ọhụrụ. Ikekwe nke kachasị ama, Fullerton bụ onye amara dị ka otu n'ime ndị mbụ Leo Fender na Fender Electric Instruments Company. Ya, Clif 'Mr.Tremolo' Wineright, na Doc Kauffman chepụtara otu n'ime atụmatụ mbụ maka guitar ọkụ eletrik wee mepụta ụdị nke ha mgbe ha tinyechara n'ime Fender. Na mgbakwunye na nnukwu onyinye a na akụkọ egwu egwu,Fullerton rụkwara ọrụ na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ mepụtara dị ka amplifiers, pre-amps na eletrọnịkị pickup maka ngwa egwu.
Fullerton nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na Fender ma emesịa na Randall Smith's G&L Guitar ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ tupu ọ nwụọ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na Jenụwarị 10th 2002; ọ gbara afọ iri asaa na itoolu. Enwere ike ịhụ ihe nketa ya dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mmepụta egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ site na ngwa ụda gaa na kọmputa yana ndị NAMM (National Association Music Merchants) na-asọpụrụ Posthumously. George Fullerton mere n'ezie gbanwee usoro egwu akụkọ ihe mere eme na ya echiche & ọhụrụ; Ọ bụghị naanị site na guitar mana site na amps & akụrụngwa ụda ndị ọzọ na-enyere aka ịmepụta ụda dị ike anyị ka na-anụ ụtọ taa.
Abụ m Joost Nusselder, onye nchoputa Neaera na onye na-ere ọdịnaya, nna, ma hụ n'anya ịnwale akụrụngwa ọhụrụ na guitar n'obi oke agụụ m, yana ndị otu m, anọ m na-ekepụta akụkọ blọgụ miri emi kemgbe 2020 iji nyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-eguzosi ike n'ihe aka na ndekọ na ndụmọdụ guitar.
