Leo Fender, onye a mụrụ Clarence Leonidas Fender na 1909, bụ otu n'ime aha kachasị emetụta na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụbọ akwara.
O kere ọtụtụ ngwa akara ngosi nke na-etolite isi nkuku nke imepụta guitar eletrik ọgbara ọhụrụ.
Gita ya na-edobe ụda maka mgbanwe nkume na mpịakọta pụọ na ụda egwu, ndị ọdịnala ọdịnala na blues gaa n'oké ụda, mgbagha jupụtara ụda na-abawanye ụba.
Mmetụta ya na egwu ka nwere ike ịnụ taa site na nde mmadụ gburugburu ụwa na ndị na-anakọta ihe ka na-achọsi ya ike.
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-eleba anya na ụdị guitar ya niile na ụlọ ọrụ ọ na-ahụ maka ya na mmetụta ya na egwu ngwá ọrụ na omenala n'ozuzu ya.
Anyị ga-amalite site n'ileba anya na ụlọ ọrụ mbụ ya - fenda Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC), tọrọ ntọala na 1946 mgbe ọ jikọtara akụkụ guitar nke ọ bụla n'ime ngwugwu guitar eletrik zuru oke. O mechara guzobe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Nwoke Egwu, G&L Ngwa egwu, FMIC Amplifiers na Proto-Sound Electronics. Enwere ike ịhụ mmetụta ya na ụdị ụlọ ahịa ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ka Suhr Custom Guitar & Amplifiers ndị na-eji ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ mbụ ya taa wepụta ọdịiche nke ha na egwu egwu.
Afọ mbụ nke Leo Fender
Leo Fender bụ onye nwere ọgụgụ isi na otu n'ime ndị ama ama na egwu na akụkọ guitar. Amụrụ na California na 1909, ọ malitere iji igwe eletrọnịkị mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ nwere mmasị na-arụ ọrụ na amplifiers egwu na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ. N'oge ọrụ ya, Leo Fender kere ihe nkwuputa nke ọ kpọrọ Fender Radio Service, nke a bụ ngwaahịa mbụ ọ rere. Ihe sochiri nke a bụ ọtụtụ ihe emepụtapụtara guitar nke ga-emecha bụrụ ụfọdụ ụdị ama ama n'ụwa.
Ọmụmụ na mmalite ndụ
Leo Fender bụ otu n'ime ha ndị na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke ngwa egwu, gụnyere ụbọ eletrik na bass eletrik siri ike. Amụrụ dị ka Clarence Leonidas Fender na 1909, o mechara gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Leo n'ihi mgbagwoju anya maka ịkpọ okwu. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, ọ malitere ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ n’ebe a na-arụzi redio ma na-eresị magazin ịzụ ahịa. Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe ọ tọrọ ntọala Fender Musical Instrument Corporation (FMIC) na 1945 ka ọ nwetara aha na nkwanye ùgwù zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Gita Fender jiri ụda ọkụ eletrik gbanwee egwu ewu ewu nke na-asọ mpi megide ngwa egwu, ọ bụ ezie na tupu 1945 iji ọkụ eletrik na-amụba ngwa ngwa n'anụ ahụ a na-anụbeghị. Fender sitere na nzụlite nke ndị na-egwupụta coal Italian bụ ndị biri na California na dị ka onye ekpughere na egwu mbụ nke mba-Western yana inwe ọrụ ọrụ, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na aha ya ji dị mkpa na egwu a ma ama taa.
Ụdị guitar mbụ nke Leo Fender mepụtara bụ Esquire Telecaster nke enwere ike ịnụ na ndekọ ọ bụla na-ewu ewu site na 1976 mgbe FMIC butere ihe karịrị nde 5! Esquire malitere n'ime Mgbasa ozi, emesịa mara ya dị ka Telecaster ama ama taa - niile ekele maka mbido mbụ Leo Fender. N'afọ 1951; ọ gbanwere egwu pop na obodo ọzọ site n'iwebata ihe anyị maara ugbu a dị ka ihe ngosi Stratocaster iconic nke ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwu egwu na-egwu kemgbe ọtụtụ ọgbọ kemgbe ọ kụrụ ụlọ ahịa! Ihe ịga nke ọma ndị ọzọ a ma ama gụnyere imepụta ngwaahịa egwu G&L na 1980 site na iji pickup nwere nsonaazụ dị elu karịa ka a hụburu nke bidoro ọganiihu ọhụrụ maka nkwalite ụda n'ime omenaala a ma ama!
Ọrụ mmalite
A mụrụ Leonard "Leo" Fender na August 10th, 1909 na Anaheim, California ma jiri ọtụtụ afọ ya rụọ ọrụ na Orange County. Ọ malitere ịrụzi redio na ihe ndị ọzọ mgbe ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, ọbụnakwa hazie kabinet nke phonograph na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe ọ dị afọ 16.
N'afọ 1938, Fender nwetara patent mbụ ya maka Guitar Lap Steel, nke bụ ụbọ ọkụ eletrik mbụ emepụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ a rụpụtara tọrọ ntọala maka ngwa ndị mere ka egwu dị egwu kwe omume, dị ka ọkụ eletrik siri ike, basses na amplifiers.
Fender kpebiri ilekwasị anya naanị na nrụpụta ngwa egwu na 1946 mgbe ọ tọrọ ntọala The Fender Electric Instrument Company. Ụlọ ọrụ a hụrụ ọtụtụ ihe ịga nke ọma, dị ka Esquire (nke e mesịrị degharịa aha na Broadcaster); nke a bụ otu n'ime ụbọ akwara siri ike na-aga nke ọma n'ụwa.
N'ime oge ya na ụlọ ọrụ a, Fender mepụtara ụfọdụ ụdị egwu egwu egwu dị ka Telecaster na Stratocaster na amps ewu ewu dị ka Bassman na Vibroverb. O guzobekwara ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka G&L nke mepụtara ụfọdụ n'ime atụmatụ ọhụrụ ya; Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a dị ndụ ịhụ ọtụtụ ihe ịga nke ọma mgbe ọ resịrị ha n'oge oge enweghị ego na 1965.
Ihe ohuru gita nke Leo Fender
Leo Fender bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ụbọ akwara kacha nwee mmetụta na narị afọ nke 20. Ihe ndị o mepụtara gbanwere otú e si emepụta guitar na bas eletrik, a ka na-ahụkwa atụmatụ ya taa. Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ụdị guitar na ụlọ ọrụ. Ka anyị banye n'ime ihe ndị ahụ bụ.
Fender Mgbasa ozi/Telecaster
Onye mgbasa ozi Fender na onye nọchiri ya, Telecaster, bụ gita eletrik nke Leo Fender mebere ya. Onye mgbasa ozi, nke ewepụtara na mbụ nye ọha na eze na 1950 dị ka " guitar Spanish ọhụrụ nke Fender na-agbanwe agbanwe" bụ ụbọ akwara Spanish nke mbụ na-aga nke ọma n'ụwa. A na-eme atụmatụ na mmepụta mbụ nke ndị mgbasa ozi bụ naanị ihe dị ka nkeji iri ise tupu akwụsị ya mgbe obere oge gasịrị n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke aha ya na-emegide Gretsch's 'Broadkaster' drum.
N'afọ sochirinụ, na nzaghachi maka ọgba aghara n'ahịa na okwu gbasara iwu na Gretsch, Fender gbanwere aha ngwa ahụ site na "Broadcaster" gaa na "Telecaster," nke a nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ maka guitar eletrik. N'ime ndụ mbụ ya, o nwere ihe e ji arụ ụlọ nke e ji ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ osisi alder mee—ihe e ji emepụta ihe na-adịgide taa. O nwere ihe ntụtụ abụọ nwere otu eriri (olu na akwa mmiri), mkpịsị atọ (master volume, master sound and preset pickup selector) n'otu nsọtụ nke ahụ yana eriri saddle atọ site na akwa akwa ụdị ahụ na nsọtụ nke ọzọ. Agbanyeghi na amaghi ya maka teknụzụ ọkaibe ma ọ bụ agwa ụda olu, Leo Fender hụrụ nnukwu ikike na imepụta ngwa a dị mfe nke na-agbanwebeghị nke ukwuu karịa afọ 60 ka e mesịrị. Ọ maara na ya nwere ihe pụrụ iche na nchikota nke otu coils abụọ lekwasịrị anya n'etiti ụda na mgbakwunye na ịdị mfe ya na ọnụ ahịa ya na-eme ka ọ mara mma maka ndị egwuregwu niile n'agbanyeghị ọkwa talent ma ọ bụ mgbochi mmefu ego.
Fender Stratocaster
Otu n'ime atụmatụ guitar eletrik ama ama n'ụwa bụ Fender Stratocaster. Leo Fender mebere ya, ewebata ya na 1954 wee bụrụ ngwa eji ama ama ngwa ngwa. N'ịbụ nke emepụtara dị ka mmelite na Telecaster, ọdịdị ahụ nke Stratocaster nyere ergonomics ka mma maka ma aka ekpe na aka nri, yana ịnye profaịlụ ụda dị iche iche.
Njirimara nke ụbọ a gụnyere otu igwe ntụtụ atọ nwere ike ịhazigharị onwe ya site na iji ụda dị iche iche na mkpịrị olu dị iche iche, sistemụ àkwà mmiri vibrato (nke a na-akpọ tremolo bar taa), yana usoro tremolo mekọrịtara ọnụ nke na-enye ndị egwuregwu ohere ịnweta ụda pụrụ iche dabere n'otú e si eme ya. ha ji aka ha megharịa ya. Stratocaster bụkwa onye ama ama maka profaịlụ olu ya dị gịrịgịrị, na-enye ohere ka ndị egwuregwu nwee ike ịchịkwa aka ha na-ewe iwe.
Ụdị ahụ nke guitar a aghọwo ihe a ma ama n'ụwa nile, ebe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta guitar eletrik nke Stratocaster taa. Ndị na-egwu egwu na-enweghị atụ na-egwu ya n'ụdị dị iche iche n'akụkọ ihe mere eme gụnyere rockers dị ka Eric Clapton na Jeff Beck ruo ndị na-egwu jazz dị ka Pat Metheny na George Benson.
Fender nkenke Bass
Bass Fender Precision Bass (nke na-adị mkpụmkpụ ka ọ bụrụ “P-Bass”) bụ ụdị bass eletrik nke Fender Musical Instruments Corporation rụpụtara. The Precision Bass (ma ọ bụ "P-Bass") ka ewepụtara na 1951. Ọ bụ bass eletrik nke mbụ na-aga nke ọma ma nọgide na-ewu ewu ruo ugbu a, n'agbanyeghị na e nweela ọtụtụ evolushọn na ọdịiche nke imewe na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya.
Leo Fender haziri Bass Precision Bass mara mma ka ọ nwee onye nche na-echekwa ngwa eletrọnịkị ya na-emebi emebi, yana ụzọ miri emi nke mere ka ohere aka dị elu wee nweta oke. P-Bass ahụ gụnyekwara pickup otu eriri igwe nke etinyere n'ime ụlọ igwe, na-abawanye ogologo oge na ịdị mma ụda ma na-ebelata mkpọtụ eletrik na-eme site na ịma jijiji nke ngwa ahụ. A nabatara imewe nke a n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, ebe ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ na-etinye ụdị ntụtụ na ngwa eletrọnịkị n'ime gita ha.
Ihe nkọwapụta nke pre-CBS Fender Precision Bass bụ akwa mmiri nwere sadulu ndị nwere ike ibugharị n'otu n'otu, na-ezighi ezi mgbe ebupu ya na Fender ya mere achọrọ mgbanwe site n'aka onye ọkachamara nwere ahụmahụ; nke a na-enye ohere maka ntọhapụ ziri ezi karịa nke a na-enye site n'ụzọ nkịtị. Ụdị emechara ewebata mgbe CBS zụtara Fender nyere ọtụtụ nhọrọ eriri na sekit Blender na-enye ndị egwuregwu ohere ịgwakọta ma ọ bụ jikọta pickups maka ụda dị iche iche. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịhụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nwere ngwa eletrọnịkị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka switches na-arụ ọrụ / na-agafe agafe ma ọ bụ njikwa EQ na-agbanwe agbanwe maka ikike ndozi ụda dị mma na ogbo ma ọ bụ na ntọala studio.
Fender Jazzmaster
N'ịbụ nke ewepụtara na 1958, Fender Jazzmaster bụ otu n'ime ụdị ikpeazụ nke Leo Fender mere tupu ya ere ụlọ ọrụ aha ya wee gaa n'ihu ịchọta ụdị egwu egwu egwu egwu. Jazzmaster nyere ọtụtụ ọganihu, gụnyere olu sara mbara karịa ngwa ndị ọzọ nke oge ahụ. Ọ gosikwara sekit ụzọ dị iche iche na okirikiri, yana ụdị ogwe aka tremolo ọhụrụ.
N'ihe gbasara ụda na mmetụta, Jazzmaster dị nnọọ iche na ụdị ndị ọzọ dị na ahịrị Fender - na-egwu ndetu na-egbuke egbuke ma na-emeghe na-achụghị ọkụ ma ọ bụ ọgaranya. Nke a dị nnọọ iche na ndị bu ya ụzọ dị ka Jazz Bass (ụdọ anọ) na Precision Bass (eriri abụọ) nke nwere ụda dị arọ nke nwere ogologo oge. Agbanyeghị, mgbe atụnyere ụmụnne ya dị ka Stratocaster na Telecaster, ọ nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe n'ihi oke nhọrọ ụda olu ya.
Nhazi ọhụrụ ahụ gosipụtara ọpụpụ site na ụdị mbụ nke Fender nke nwere frets dị warara, ogologo ọnụ ọgụgụ ogologo na ibe akwa akwa. Site n'ịkpọ ya dị mfe yana njiri mara mma, ọ ghọrọ onye ewu ewu ngwa ngwa n'etiti ndị egwu sọfụ na California bụ ndị chọrọ ịmegharị ụda "surf" n'ụzọ ziri ezi karịa ka ndị ha na ha dịkọrọ ndụ nwere ike iji guitar ọdịnala nweta n'oge ahụ.
Ihe nketa nke Leo Fender chepụtara ka na-ada ụda taa n'etiti ọtụtụ ụdị gụnyere indie rock/ pop punk/ Nhọrọ nke onwe yana rockal rock/na-aga n'ihu metal/ jazz fusion Player.
Afọ ndị ọzọ Leo Fender
Malite na mmalite 1960s, Leo Fender malitere oge ịmepụta guitar ọhụrụ na basses ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC), ọ malitere ịweghachi azụ na arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ebe ndị ọrụ ya, dị ka Don Randall na Forrest White, weghaara ọtụtụ n'ime ha. azụmahịa. Ka o sina dị, Fender gara n'ihu bụrụ onye nwere mmetụta na guitar na ụwa bass. Ka anyị leba anya n'ụfọdụ ụdị na ụlọ ọrụ ọ na-ahụ maka ya n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya.
G&L gita
Leo Fender bụ onye na-ahụ maka ụdị ụbọ akwara nke ụlọ ọrụ ya G&L (George & Leo) Musical Instruments mepụtara ( tọrọ ntọala na ngwụcha 1970s). Eserese ikpeazụ nke Fender ewepụtara na G&L lekwasịrị anya na ndozi nke Telecaster, Stratocaster, na ụdị akara ngosi ndị ọzọ. Nsonaazụ bụ nnukwu ahịrị ngwa nke gụnyere ụdị pụrụ iche dị ka S-500 Stratocaster, Music Man Reflex bass guitar, Comanche na Manta Ray guitar yana iwebata ngwa na-abụghị guitar gụnyere mandolins na guitar ígwè.
Emepụtara gita G&L site n'ilekwasị anya ya ama ama n'ịdị mma yana ash ma ọ bụ alder ozu nwere ihe polyester nwere tinted, bolt-on maple necks, rosewood fingerboards jikọtara ya na pickups emebere dị ka igwe mkpuchi ihu igwe abụọ; Vintage Alnico V pickups. Ụkpụrụ mmepụta dị elu dị ka 21 frets karịa 22 dị n'ime usoro nkà ihe ọmụma nke Leo - ịdị elu dị elu karịa nke ukwuu. Ọ makwaara ụdị ọdịdị dị egwu karịa ọganihu nke ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta guitar ndị ọzọ hapụrụ na ịchụso ụda na ụdị ọhụrụ.
G&L ghọrọ onye a na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ọma maka ụda ya na-egbuke egbuke jikọtara ya na nkwado dị egwu, arụmọrụ na-enweghị mgbagha na-akwalite site na ọganihu ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ka wheel trussrod n'okpuru fretboard nke na-enye ndị egwuregwu ohere ịgbanwe esemokwu olu n'onwe ha kama ịdabere na nrụzi. luthier. Àgwà ọma ndị a mere ka G&L bụrụ onye a ma ama ma n'etiti ndị na-agụ guitar ọkachamara na ndị ọzọ na-achọ palettes ụda pụrụ iche n'oge njem ha n'ịkpọ ụbọ.
Nwoke Egwu
N'ime afọ 1971 na 1984, Leo Fender bụ ọrụ maka imepụta ụdị dị iche iche site na Music Man. Ndị a gụnyere ụdị dị ka StingRay bass na guitar dị ka Saber, Marauder, na Silhouette. O mere ngwa ndị a niile mana ụbọchị ndị a enwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche dị.
Leo nyere Onye egwu egwu ihe ọzọ n'ọdịdị ọdịnala ya site n'iji ụdị anụ ahụ dị ọhụrụ na usoro nhazi ya. Ewezuga ọdịdị ha, otu isi ihe mere ka ha bụrụ ndị ewu ewu bụ ụda na-egbuke egbuke n'ihi ahụ osisi na-egbuke egbuke na olu maple ma e jiri ya tụnyere omenala Fender dị arọ.
Otu n'ime ihe kacha mkpa Fender nyere Music Man bụ echiche ya gbasara ngbanwe na usoro nchịkọta. Ngwa ngwa ndị e nwetara n'oge ahụ nwere naanị ụzọ mbugharị atọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere mgbanaka ọnọdụ ise nke taa na ngwa ọgbara ọhụrụ. Leo sụrụ ụzọ n'ichepụta "enweghị mkpọtụ" nke kpochapụrụ hum na-ejikọta ya na ụfọdụ ihe na-enweta nnukwu uru mgbe ọ na-ejikwa okwu nkwụsi ike nke mgbanwe nrụgide eriri na-akpata n'oge egwuregwu ndụ.
Leo ga-emecha resị osisi ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nnukwu uru ego na-achọpụta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime afọ ndị ahụ tupu ọ hapụ Music Man na 1984 mgbe CBS nwetara ikike zuru oke.
Ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ
N'ime 1940s, 1950s na 1960s, Leo Fender haziri ngwa egwu maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ama ama. O jikọtara ya na aha dị iche iche, gụnyere G&L (George Fullerton Guitars na Basses) na Music Man (site na 1971).
E hiwere G&L na 1979 mgbe Leo Fender lara ezumike nka na CBS-Fender. N'oge ahụ, a maara G&L dị ka onye na-egwu guitar luthier. Ngwa ndị ha mere dabere na atụmatụ Fender gara aga mana enwere ndozi iji kwalite ogo ụda. Ha mepụtara gita eletrik na bass n'ụdị dị iche iche nwere njirimara ọgbara ọhụrụ na nke kpochapụwo. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na-agụ egwu ama ama jiri ụdị G&L dị ka ngwa egwu ha bụ isi gụnyere Mark Morton, Brad Paisley na John Petrucci.
Ụlọ ọrụ ọzọ Fender nwere mmetụta bụ Music Man. N'afọ 1971, Leo so Tom Walker, Sterling Ball na Forest White rụkọrọ ọrụ iji mepụta ụfọdụ guitar bass nke ụlọ ọrụ dịka StingRay Bass. Ka ọ na-erule 1975, Music Man malitere ịgbasa oke ya site na bass naanị iji tinye gita eletrik nke e rere ndị ahịa dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. Ngwa ndị a gosipụtara ihe nrụpụta ọhụrụ dị ka olu maple maka nkwado dị mma yana ịdị mma maka ndị egwuregwu na-ahọrọ ụdị egwuregwu ọsọ ọsọ. Ndị ọkachamara na-egwu egwu bụ ndị ji egwu egwu egwu egwu gụnyere Steve Lukather, Steve Morse, Dusty Hill na Joe Satriani n'etiti ndị ọzọ.
mmechi
Leo Fender bụ otu n'ime ndị kacha emetụta na ndị a na-akwanyere ùgwù na akụkọ guitar. Nhazi ya gbanwere ọdịdị na ụda nke ụbọ ọkụ eletrik, na-eme ka ngwa ahụ siri ike nke a na-anụ n'ime ụlọ, ụlọ egwu na ndekọ. Site na ụlọ ọrụ ya-Fender, G&L na Music Man—Leo Fender nyere aka ịkpụzi omenala egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. A na-akwado ya na ịmepụta ọtụtụ guitars kpochapụwo gụnyere Telecaster, Stratocaster, Jazzmaster, P-Bass, J-Bass, Mustang bass na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ ọrụ Fender Musical Instruments Corporation/FMIC ka na-emepụta atụmatụ ọhụrụ ya taa ma ọ bụ ndị nrụpụta ama ama dị ka Relic Guitar. A ga-echeta Leo Fender ruo mgbe ebighị ebi dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ ụlọ ọrụ egwu bụ onye kpaliri ọgbọ ndị na-agụ egwu ka ha jiri ngwa ya na-akụda mmụọ nyochaa ikike nke ụda ọkụ.
Abụ m Joost Nusselder, onye nchoputa Neaera na onye na-ere ọdịnaya, nna, ma hụ n'anya ịnwale akụrụngwa ọhụrụ na guitar n'obi oke agụụ m, yana ndị otu m, anọ m na-ekepụta akụkọ blọgụ miri emi kemgbe 2020 iji nyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-eguzosi ike n'ihe aka na ndekọ na ndụmọdụ guitar.
