ʻO kahi kānana leo he mea hilinaʻi pinepine Ka hōpili kaapuni, e hana ana ma ke alapinepine leo, 0 Hz a oi aku o 20 kHz.
Nui nā ʻano kānana no nā noi me nā mea hoʻohālikelike kiʻi, synthesizers, nā hopena maikaʻi, nā mea pāʻani CD a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Ma ke ʻano he amplifier hilinaʻi pinepine, ma kāna ʻano maʻamau, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi kānana leo e hoʻonui, hoʻohele a hoʻemi paha (negative amplification) i kekahi mau pae alapine.
Aia nā ʻano maʻamau i nā kānana ala haʻahaʻa, e hele ana i nā alapine ma lalo o ko lākou mau alapine ʻoki ʻia, a e hoʻemi mālie i nā alapine ma luna o ka alapine ʻoki.
ʻO kahi kānana ala kiʻekiʻe e hana ʻē aʻe, e hele ana i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke alapine ʻokiʻoki, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā alapine ma lalo o ke alapine ʻoki.
Hoʻopau kahi kānana bandpass i nā alapine ma waena o kāna mau alapine ʻoki ʻelua, ʻoiai e hoʻemi ana i nā alapine ma waho o ka laulā.
He kānana band-reject, hoʻemi i nā alapine ma waena o kāna mau alapine ʻokiʻoki ʻelua, ʻoiai e hala ana i nā mea ma waho o ka pae 'hōʻole'.
ʻO kahi kānana holo holoʻokoʻa, hele i nā alapine a pau, akā pili i ka māhele o kekahi mea sinusoidal i hāʻawi ʻia e like me kona alapine.
I kekahi mau noi, e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea hoʻohālikelike kiʻi a i ʻole nā mea pāʻani CD, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā kānana e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā pae hoʻohālike e like me ka pass band, pass band attenuation, stop band, a stop band attenuation, kahi o ka pass bands ka nā pae alapine (frequency ranges) kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka leo ma lalo o ka palena palena ʻia, a ʻo nā pūnaʻi hoʻomaha, ʻo ia nā pae alapine e pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka leo e ka palena iki.
Ma nā hihia paʻakikī, hiki i kahi kānana leo ke hāʻawi i kahi loop pane, e hoʻolauna i ka resonance (ke kani ʻana) me ka attenuation.
Hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā kānana leo e hoʻolako waiwai (hoʻonui) a me ka attenuation. Ma nā noi ʻē aʻe, e like me nā synthesizers a i ʻole nā hopena kani, pono e loiloi ʻia ka nani o ka kānana.
Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā kānana leo ma ka circuit circuit e like me nā kānana analog a i ʻole DSP code a i ʻole nā polokalamu kamepiula e like me nā kānana kikohoʻe.
Ma keʻano maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo 'audio filter' i kekahi mea e hoʻololi i ka timbre, a i ʻole ka ʻike harmonic o kahi hōʻailona leo.
ʻO wau ʻo Joost Nusselder, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu iā Neaera a me kahi mea kūʻai aku ʻike, makuakāne, a makemake hoʻi e hoʻāʻo i nā mea hana hou me ka guitar ma ka puʻuwai o koʻu makemake, a me kaʻu hui, ua hana wau i nā ʻatikala blog hohonu mai 2020 e kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu kūpaʻa me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻopaʻa leo a me nā kīkā.
