Jim Marshall ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila kuma mawaƙi wanda ya canza masana'antar kiɗa har abada tare da ƙirarsa ta Marshall amfilifa.
Ya kawo sauyi kamar yadda masu katar wutar lantarki ke bayyanawa da ƙara sautinsu, inda ya haifar da sautin dutse mai nauyi da nadi wanda har yanzu ya sake tashi.
A lokacin aikinsa, ya ba da fitattun masu faɗakarwa da kabad ɗin guitar ga wasu manyan mawaƙa a duniya. Bari mu zurfafa duba cikin rayuwa da nasarorin Jim Marshall.
Bayanin Jim Marshall
Jim Marshall (1923-2012) an san shi sosai a matsayin "mahaifin surutu". An haife shi a Landan, an yaba shi da yin babbar murya ta zamani da mirgina tare da ƙirƙira nasa Marshall Amplifier a 1962. Wani injiniyan lantarki wanda ya koyar da kansa, ya buɗe wani ƙaramin shagon kiɗa a 1960. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya kammala. manyan layukan samfura guda uku don ƙara sautin guitar da bass - gaba ɗaya ana kiranta da tari na Marshall. Ya yi amfani da mafi yawan aikinsa wajen haɓaka juyin halittar kiɗan rock tare da wannan sautin sa hannu. Kafin Jim Marshall's amps da kabad, an yi amfani da gitar lantarki musamman azaman kayan kida a raye-raye. Amma da zarar sun sami damar yin amfani da kayan aikin Marshall, ana iya jin masu guitar a sama da sassan waƙoƙin su kuma shirye-shiryen solo sun zama babban jigon makaɗa na dutse.
Wasu ƙwararrun mawaƙa masu tasiri sun yi amfani da amplifiers Marshall a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da suka haɗa da Hendrix, Clapton, Page Slash, Jack White da The Who's Pete Townshend kawai don suna suna kaɗan. Amma kuma ya kasance mai kirkire-kirkire a wasu wuraren kide-kide kamar samar da kayan aikin rikodi na audiophile-grade wanda aka fi sani da The Major wanda har yanzu ana nemansa sosai a yau ta hanyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na analog saboda bambancin sautin girkin girkin sa. Bugu da ƙari, gina kayan aikin kida masu kyan gani; Jim Marshall kuma ya sauƙaƙe alaƙar sirri tare da ƙwararrun ƴan wasa waɗanda ke ba da fa'ida mai ma'ana don gwada sabbin sautuna waɗanda daga baya za su zama naɗaɗɗen dutsen dutse masu jan hankali ga tsararraki cikin shekarun da suka gabata har zuwa yau.
Tasiri kan Kiɗa
Jim Marshall ɗan kasuwa ɗan Biritaniya ne wanda, tare da abokin kasuwancinsa Ken Bran, suka kawo sauyi game da nishaɗin kiɗa tare da samar da kayan kida na farko. Samfuran Marshall da sabbin abubuwa har yanzu suna da yawa a cikin nau'ikan kiɗa da yawa a yau kuma tasirinsa ya yi tasiri sosai ga sauti, kewayo da salon shahararrun kiɗan a duniya.
Marshall ya haɓaka suna mai ɗorewa don ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da kuma abin dogara da ba a taba ganin su ba a cikin masana'antu a lokacin. Abubuwan haɓakarsa irin su Marshall Super Lead ko JCM800 suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da wasu fitattun taurarin kiɗan dutse kamar Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, Angus Young da Slash; Ɗaukaka sunayen su na musamman na sonic wanda ya zama alaƙa da alaƙa da samfuran su. Ci gabansa na shingen lasifikar da ya canza yadda masu sauraro ke jin ƙarar sauti ya ba da damar kunnuwan ɗan adam su fuskanci matakan ƙarar da ba a taɓa gani ba ba tare da murdiya ba. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga abin da a yanzu ake kira "ƙaƙƙarfan sauti," wanda zai iya cika manyan wuraren filin wasa - yana mai da ayyuka da yawa zuwa Superstars na dare.
Juyin halittar Marshall kuma ya yi tasiri mai zurfi akan juyin halittar sonic a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan jazz fusion da blues da kuma kidan funk a zamanin sa daga shekarun 1970 zuwa yau. Ya sake fasalin dabarun rikodin studio ta hanyar gabatar da sabbin amplifiers a cikin kasuwa wanda ya ba da damar rikodin rikodi mai dorewa don na'urorin rikodin analog ta ƙara ƙarin ɗaki don ingantaccen sautin sauti akan kowane kewayon mitar da aka yi amfani da su a waɗannan saitunan; ba da damar ƙarin bincike cikin yanayin sautin sauti waɗanda a baya ba za a iya samun su ba kamar sautunan ƙararrakin ƙararrawa na wooly ko share bayanan bass na ƙararrawa ba tare da matsi kayan tarihi ba ko hargitsi masu jituwa. Irin wannan ƙirƙira ce ta sanya samfuran Jim Marshalls su nemi su a tsakanin 'yan wasa daga kowane fanni saboda koyaushe suna ba da ingantaccen sautin ingancin da aka sake bugawa daidai abin da ke aiki mafi kyau ga buƙatun mutum.
Early Life
Jim Marshall, wanda sau da yawa ake kira "Uban Loud", wani ɗan Biritaniya ne mai ƙirƙira, mai tsara lasifika da mai tsara kayan kiɗa. An haife shi a shekara ta 1923 a Landan, UK, zuwa dangi kaɗan. Ya kasance mai sha'awar kiɗa tun yana ƙarami, kuma daga can ya girma: ya yi ƙuruciyarsa yana yin wasan jazz da blues daban-daban. A cikin 1940s, ya yi aiki da Sojan Burtaniya a Indiya, sannan ya koma Burtaniya don yin sana'ar waka.
ƙananan yara
An haifi Jim Marshall a London, Ingila a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1923. Mahaifiyarsa ta mallaki kantin sayar da labarai kuma ta koya masa karatu yana da shekaru uku. Ya kuma fara koyon “littattafai na gaske” tun yana ɗan shekara biyar yana karanta litattafai.
Sha'awar kiɗan ba ta ci gaba ba har sai lokacin da yake matashi, lokacin da ya fara kunna guitar tare da gungun abokai a zauren cocin su. Sun yi gwaji da nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban kamar jazz da blues amma babu ɗayansu da ke da mahimmanci game da kiɗa a matsayin sana'a har sai Jim ya zo tare. Bayan halartar Hornsey School of Art, Jim ya fara haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto da sauran fasahar gani kamar zane da sassaka.
Koyaushe yana ɗokin bincika kantunan ƙirƙira iri-iri, a ƙarshe Jim ya mai da hankalinsa ga ƙirƙirar kayan kida - a wannan lokacin ne ya koyi fasahar kera na'urorin kiɗa na guitar. Bayan ya yi aiki ga kamfanoni daban-daban suna yin gwaji tare da tubes da resistors, Jim ya buɗe nasa na'urorin haɓaka ginin kasuwancinsa a cikin 1961 wanda a ƙarshe ya jagoranci shi don ƙirƙirar amplifiers Marshall - babban sautin dutsen gargajiya wanda yawancin masu fasaha ke amfani da su a yau.
Ilimi
An haifi James Marshall Marshall a Melbourne, Ostiraliya, a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1980. Ya girma a cikin unguwannin Inner West na Sydney kuma yana da sha'awar kiɗa na dare tun yana matashi. Yayin da ya girma, basirarsa ta fara buɗewa da zurfi da gaske.
Ko da yake James yana zuwa makaranta akai-akai, sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 12 ƙaunar da yake yi wa kiɗa ta ruguza sha’awar karatunsa. Duk da wannan sha'awar da hazakar waka, iyayensa sun dage cewa ya gama makaranta kafin ya ci gaba da karatu.
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, James ya sami bambance-bambance a cikin Adabin Turanci da Ka'idar Kiɗa a Makarantar Sakandare ta Boys ta Arewa. Kowace Asabar bayan haka zai halarci azuzuwan jazz a The Sydney Conservatorium of Music yana nazarin Ayyukan Jazz a ƙarƙashin wasu sunayen da ake girmamawa a yau a cikin masana'antar ciki har da Don Burrows da Mike Nock. Koyaushe yana gaban abokan karatunsa da kuma wani labari a cikin wurin kusan kai tsaye, a 17 Jim an nemi ya shiga Don Burrows Big Band a matsayin ɗan wasan trombonist - damar da ta ba shi dama ta farko ga wasu manyan mawakan jazz na Australia suna ba shi ƙarin ƙari. sananne a cikin kulake na ƙasa a matsayin 'yaran da zai iya yin lilo da sauƙi' ko 'wannan matashin ɗan wasa mai kunnen da ya wuce shekarunsa'.
Farawa na Farko
An haifi Jim Marshall a Landan a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1923. Ya yi ayyuka da yawa marasa ban sha'awa lokacin da yake girma amma ya kasance yana koyar da kansa lokacin da ya shafi kida. Ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ya fara koyo game da ingantattun hanyoyin gyarawa da kuma kula da kayan kiɗan. Bayan hidimarsa, ya buɗe kantin sayar da kiɗa a titin Denmark mai suna Jim Marshall Sound Equipment Ltd., wanda ya samo asali zuwa kasuwanci mai ban sha'awa. Ba da daɗewa ba, Jim yana siyar ba kawai kayan aiki ba amma sotfware kuma.
A cikin 1964, Marshall Amplification an haife shi ta hanyar gabatar da Hargitsi da tasirin Tremolo ga amplifiers ɗin sa - dukansu suna fasalulluka waɗanda ƙungiyoyi kamar The Who, Cream da Pink Floyd ke amfani da su sosai. A wannan lokacin Jim ya keɓance amps da yawa ga bukatun abokin ciniki - don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa yawancin sautunan da aka samu sun taimaka wajen tsara yanayin kiɗan zamani kamar yadda muka sani a yau. Daga Pete Townshend's cranked-up ruɓaɓɓen sauti a kan "My Generation" zuwa Jimmy Page nemo madadin murya ta amfani da sonic magudi ga Led Zeppelin songs kamar "Duk Lotta Love" - duk dasa da tabbaci tare da amp zane.
Sana'ar Kiɗa
Jim Marshall ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren gita ne, wanda ke da alhakin wasu manyan sautuna a tarihin dutsen da nadi. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Marshall Amplification kuma aka sani da "Marshall sauti". Bugu da ƙari, amplifiers, Marshall ya samar da ɗakunan magana, amplifiers, tasirin tasiri da sauran kayan aiki waɗanda suka ba da gudummawar haɓakawa da juyin juya halin sautin dutsen da nadi. Ya bar gado mai ɗorewa a waƙa. Bari mu dubi abin da ya ba da gudummawa ga kiɗa.
Kafa Marshall Amplification
Jim Marshall ya kafa Marshall Amplification a shekara ta 1962, inda ya kera babban tari na Marshall wanda ya kaddamar da sautin dutsen da nadi na zamani. Wannan ƙwararriyar ƙirƙira tun daga lokacin ta zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga kowane mawaƙi, ko suna wasa a kan dandamali ko a cikin saitin studio. Marshall Amplification yana samar da samfurori iri-iri-amps, kabad, combos da kayan haɗi-wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin shagunan kiɗa a duniya.
Marshall kuma ya ƙirƙira sabbin fasahohi da yawa, kamar 'gyaran bawul' waɗanda ke ba da ingancin sauti na musamman. Sabbin ƙirar sa sun ba masu guitar damar samun damar sautuna masu ƙarfi waɗanda za a iya ji duka a kan dandamali da kuma ta tsarin PA, suna ba da sassaucin sautin da ba a taɓa gani ba ga waɗanda ke amfani da shi. Idan ba tare da tasirin Jim Marshall da na'urar amplifiers ɗinsa ba, da an hana kiɗan dutsen zamani daga sa hannun sa sautin guitar da sauti.
Haɓaka Sautin Marshall
A ƙarshen 1950s, an ba Jim Marshall alhakin ƙirƙirar amplifier wanda ya dace da jazz na zamani da kiɗan rock. Ƙwararrun injiniyansa ba su da misaltuwa kuma ya haɓaka sauti na musamman tare da amplifiers wanda zai bayyana dukkanin nau'o'in kiɗa. Amplifiers ɗinsa sun yi hasashe mai amsawa, bayyananne da sauti mai ɗaci don kayan aikin lantarki. Amplifiersa ya ba wa makada damar juyar da shi da ƙarfi kamar yadda suke so ba tare da ɓata ɗumi ko haske a cikin aikin ba.
Marshall kuma ya tura iyakoki tare da amps na bass ɗin sa waɗanda ke da manyan lasifikan inci 12 waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin bass fiye da waɗanda aka taɓa ji daga gidan hukuma. Kuma a cikin ƴan ƴan shekaru kaɗan da buɗe shagonsa na farko a Landan, sautin Marshall na musamman guita kuma amps ya bazu ko'ina cikin Burtaniya, Turai da kuma bayan.
Ƙaddamarwa a cikin 1967, JCM800 jerin amps na Marshall mai kyan gani ya zama samfurin flagship na kamfanin da sake fasalin sautin guitar a duniya. Tare da arziƙin tsakiyar kewayon harinsa, mitoci kaɗan masu ƙanƙanta da kuma yanayin yanayin karkatar da salon Birtaniyya, JCM800 babban ƙarfi ne wajen samar da sabbin nau'ikan kiɗan mai yuwuwa kamar ƙarfe, punk hardcore da dutsen grunge. Har ma a yau masu fasaha suna ci gaba da zaɓar Marshall amplifiers don samun sa hannun "Sautin Marshall" wanda ke ci gaba da rinjayar mawaƙa a duniya.
Shahararren Amplifier Marshall
Babbar gudumawar da Jim Marshall ya bayar ga duniyar waƙa ita ce haɓakar fitacciyar ma'aunin faɗakarwar Marshall. Ya fara bayyana a cikin 1962 kuma ya tashi da sauri ya zama ma'anar sautin guitar lantarki. An san shi azaman “mai ƙarfi duk da haka sauti” amp, wasu fitattun taurarin duniya sun yi amfani da shi – ciki har da Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Pete Townshend da Slash.
Masu amplifiers na Marshall sun kasance da ƙarfi sosai don girmansu (wanda ya fi girma fiye da samfuran gasa) yana mai da su manufa don kide-kide na raye-raye inda ake buƙatar babban haɓakar sauti. An yi majalisar ministocin ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan birch-ply an lulluɓe shi da vinyl tare da ɗumbin ɗumbin magana na ƙarfe wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama wani takamaiman dalili mai alaƙa da amplifiers Marshall.
Gine-gine da ƙira da Marshall ke so ya haifar da haɓaka mai inganci a mitar bass wanda ya ba shi damar samar da mafi girma girma ba tare da murdiya ba - wani abu da ya bambanta shi tsakanin takwarorinsa a lokacin. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da humbucker pickups, yana bawa masu amfani damar ƙirƙirar sautin dutse masu ƙarfi - tasirin da makada irin su Led Zeppelin ke amfani da su akai-akai yayin wasan kwaikwayo.
Haɗe tare da kamannin su nan take (wanda aka haɗa tare da madaidaitan launuka masu launi) wannan haɗin ya haifar da amplifiers Marshall ya zama ɗayan mafi kyawun samfuran a cikin tarihin Rock'n' Roll - samun amincewar Jim marshal a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa na zamani.
Legacy
Jim Marshall majagaba ne a cikin masana'antar kiɗa wanda ya shahara ya ƙirƙiri amplifier na Marshall kuma ya canza sautin rock da nadi. Ba a tunawa da abin da ya gada don manyan kayan aikin sa da sabbin fasahohin fasaha, amma don sha'awar kida, dagewa don kawo cikas da ruhi mai fa'ida. Bari mu dubi tasirin da Jim Marshall ya yi, da kuma yadda har yanzu aikin nasa ya sake bayyana a yau.
Tasiri kan Kiɗa
Jim Marshall ya canza yanayin kiɗan zamani na shekaru da yawa tare da sabon aikinsa, wanda ya tashi zuwa wasu daga cikin mafi girman tsayinsa a cikin shekarun 60s da 70s. An haife shi a Burtaniya a shekara ta 1923, shahararren injiniyan lantarki ya ƙirƙiri tsarin haɓaka juyi na juyin juya hali wanda ya ba wa mawaƙa damar haɓaka nasu sautin tursasawa - daga classic rock da blues zuwa pop da jazz.
Ƙirƙirar da Marshall ya yi na faɗakarwa na duniya yana da tasiri mara misaltuwa kan yadda mawaƙa suka sami damar yin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye. Ya fitar da haɓakawa wanda zai iya ci gaba da wasa na guitar kuma a ƙarshe ya haɗa masu magana da 2 × 12 ″ a cikin kabad. Ya isa wutar lantarki da makada ba za su ƙara rage ƙarar ƙararsu ba a wuraren shakatawa na dare; yanzu za su iya yin manyan nunin faifai na sirri tare da ingancin sauti mai girma. Wannan babban ci gaba ne na musamman ga ayyukan mamayewar Birtaniyya waɗanda ke son sauti mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan wuraren kamar The Cavern Club ko Marquee Club a London.
Jim Marshall kuma ya canza ginin kayan aikin kiɗa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar amps masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarin manyan injina da tukwane masu dogaro a cikinsu. Waɗannan ƙwaƙƙwaran amps, waɗanda ake kira da "Marshalls", sun ba wa ƙungiyoyi damar tura sautin su gaba da rayuwa, suna samar da sabon matakin kuzari wanda ya ƙara haɓaka hanyoyin rubutun su a gida. Ayyukan almara irin su Led Zeppelin, Jimi Hendrix Experience da Cream sunyi amfani da waɗannan sababbin amplifiers, suna nuna irin ƙarfin -a zahiri-ƙirƙirar Marshall don haɓaka rock'n'roll. Har wala yau, ana ci gaba da nuna irin nasarorin da ya samu a rayuwarsa a cikin al'amura daban-daban a duniya; daidai da girmama ɗaya daga cikin manyan injiniyoyin kida da ɗan adam ya taɓa sani.
Kyauta da Ganewa
Jim Marshall injiniya ne mai jiwuwa, mai ƙirƙira, kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya ƙirƙiri alamar Marshal Amplifier a cikin 1962. Kayayyakinsa sun canza sautin dutsen da nadi, ya haifar da sabon zamani a cikin samar da kiɗa. Kamfaninsa zai zama sananne a duniya a matsayin jagoran masana'antu a cikin amplifiers da kayan aikin sauti.
Ayyukan Marshall sun inganta yuwuwar dutse kamar yadda muka san shi a yau, yana haifar da karɓuwa da kyaututtuka don nasarorin rayuwarsa. An girmama shi tare da lambar yabo ta Rayuwa ta Rayuwa daga Audio Engineering Society (AES) a taronsu na 25th a 1972, kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Royal Academy of Engineering Award for Innovation a 2002. Bugu da ƙari, Marshall ya sami lambar yabo ta Grammy Award a cikin 2009 don Ƙwararrun Fasaha tare da Amincewa ga Ƙirƙiri.
Kamfanin da ke ɗauke da sunansa har yanzu yana raye sosai a yau kuma yana ci gaba da girmama gadonsa ta hanyar samar da sabbin samfuran sauti waɗanda suka tsaya ga ƙa'idodinsa na samar da kayan aiki mafi inganci a farashi mai ma'ana yayin bikin hasashe kan babban taron. Ko da yake ya mutu, tasirin Jim Marshall kan kiɗa zai kasance har abada ta hanyar gudummawar da ya bayar ga fasahar samar da sauti da kuma ta hanyar amincewa da kwamitocin kyaututtuka daban-daban.
Marshall Music Foundation
A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, Marshall ya bar gadon gado wanda aka gina akan haɓakawa, sha'awar da zurfin sha'awar kiɗa da waɗanda suka yi shi. Wannan gadon yana ci gaba ta hanyar Gidauniyar Jim Marshall - wata sadaka da aka kafa a cikin Afrilu 2013 da nufin taimakawa marasa galihu don samun damar ilimin kiɗa. Gidauniyar tana aiki don tabbatar da waƙar ta isa ga kowa da kowa, komai asali ko matsayin zamantakewa.
Gidauniyar tana goyan bayan shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda ke da nufin taimakawa duka manya da yara su amfana daga ilimin kiɗa, gami da aikin wayar da kan kiɗan na Sound Bites, haɗin gwiwar ilimi tare da Shirin Kiɗan Kiɗa na Sojojin Burtaniya da ke da nufin ba da damar samun ƙwararrun horar da kiɗan kiɗa ga tsofaffi da waɗancan. wadanda suka ji rauni a aikace, da kuma 'Ceol+' - shiri ne da ke Arewacin Ireland wanda ke ba da damammaki na ilimi da shirye-shiryen jin daɗin nakasassu da naƙasassu ta hanyar shiga cikin tarurrukan ƙirƙira.
Gidan yanar gizon Jim Marshall Tribute na hukuma yana aiki azaman cibiya mai hulɗa da ke nuna tambayoyin masu fasaha, tsoffin hotunan makaranta daga ƙanana da aka kashe akan yawon shakatawa da wasu takardu daban-daban masu alaƙa da labarin rayuwar Marshalls-suna ba ku labarin irin mutumin da yake. A matsayin manufa mai gudana, kamfanin yana ci gaba da haɓaka hanyoyi don dukan tsararraki a duniya don jin daɗin wannan babban adadi a cikin shahararrun aikin kiɗan.
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
