George William Fullerton (Maris 7, 1923 - Yuli 4, 2009) ya kasance abokin tarayya na dogon lokaci. Leo Fender kuma, tare da fenda da Dale Hyatt, co-kafa G&L Kayan Kiɗa. An ba shi gudummawar ƙira wanda ya haifar da kera na farko da aka samar da gita mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
George Fullerton majagaba ne mai yin gita na Amurka wanda ya taimaka ƙirƙira da tsara sautin gitatan lantarki na zamani.
Sabbin ƙirar sa, irin su Fullerton Stratocaster, ya bar tasiri mai ɗorewa akan duniyar kiɗa da wasan guitar. Amma wanene ainihin wannan haziƙin ɗan Amurka mai yin guitar?
Wannan labarin zai shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai na rayuwar George Fullerton da aikinsa.
Bayanin George Fullerton
George Fullerton (1924-2009) ɗan luthier ɗan Amurka ne kuma ɗan wasan guitar wanda ya kafa Fender Musical Instruments Corporation a 1946. Ya yi aiki tare da Leo Fender da Don Randall, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasarorin da kamfanin ya samu, daga ƙirƙirar gitar Stratocaster. don fadada isar sa zuwa kasuwannin duniya. Fullerton kuma ya ƙera na'urorin haɓakar Fender da kabad ɗin lasifika, da kuma kayan aiki kamar guitar bass na farko na lantarki, Bass Precision.
Fullerton an haife shi ne a Los Angeles, California kuma yana da ɗimbin kiɗan kiɗan kafin ya haɗu tare da Fender. Ya karanci ilmin sinadarai a UCLA yayin da yake aiki na wucin gadi a shagunan gyaran rediyo. Ta hanyar wannan kwarewa ya sami ilimin injiniyan lantarki wanda ya yi amfani da shi a cikin haɗin gwiwarsa da Fender. Fullerton ya kasance babban jigo a cikin haɓaka na'urorin haɓakawa da mawakan zamani ke amfani da su, ƙirarsa ta ba da damar matakan fitarwa mai ƙarfi wanda ya sauƙaƙe salon haɓakar kiɗan da aka yaɗa a cikin rock n roll.
An san shi da cikakkiyar kulawar sa ga daki-daki, Fullerton ya kafa ma'auni mai dorewa na fasaha a cikin lutherie wanda 'yan wasa da yawa suka yaba tare da samar musu da kayan aikin da suka isar da sautin da suke so daidai kuma suna ba da kwarin gwiwar wasan kwaikwayon su akan mataki har ma da rikodin. A matsayin shaida ga nasararsa da sadaukar da kai ga kyakkyawan aiki, kayan aikin Fender da yawa suna ci gaba da samarwa bisa ga ainihin ƙirar George sama da shekaru 70 bayan da aka ƙirƙira su ƙwararrun mawaƙa na yau rantsuwa da su kamar yadda magabata suka yi shekaru da yawa kafin su!
Early Life
George Fullerton mawaƙin Amurka ne kuma mai ƙirƙira wanda aka fi sani da ƙirƙirar gitar lantarki ta Fender Stratocaster a 1954. An haife shi a Anaheim, California, a cikin 1921, ƙuruciyar Fullerton ya cika da kiɗa da gina radiyo daga kayan gyara. Ya sau da yawa ya ziyarci kantin sayar da kiɗa na gida inda zai iya gwadawa kuma ya ji sabuwar waƙa. A cikin 1940s, ya fara aiki tare da Leo Fender, wanda ya kafa Fender Music Corp, kuma tare suka fara ƙirƙirar wasu na'urorin guitar na farko.
A ina kuma yaushe aka haifi George Fullerton?
An haifi George Fullerton a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1902 a Decatur, Illinois. Mahaifinsa, George Claud Fullerton, ya yi aiki a matsayin bellman ga wani otal na gida kuma mahaifiyarsa Grace Everingham ta kasance uwar gida. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Los Angeles a 1910 lokacin George yana da shekaru takwas kuma yana da tunani mai zurfi tun yana ƙarami. Ya kasance yana sha'awar yin tinkere da na'urorin lantarki, saboda iyayensa sun ƙarfafa shi ya ci gaba da ayyukan a wajen makaranta. Yayin da yake girma, sha'awar Fullerton kan kiɗa da na'urorin lantarki ya ƙaru kuma ya gina mandolin lantarki mai igiya biyu yana da shekaru 13. Tare da sha'awar ƙirƙirar sababbin abubuwa daga tsofaffin kayan aiki, sha'awar injiniya ta haɓaka wanda daga baya zai ba da gudummawa ga. Ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin fitattun kayan kida na duniya - Gitar Fender Stratocaster.
Menene asalin danginsa?
An haifi George Fullerton a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1950 a Kudancin California. Iyayensa, Musa da Carla Fullerton, 'yan asalin Ingilishi ne da Faransanci, bi da bi. Mahaifinsa yana sana'ar kafinta na iyali kuma mahaifiyarsa yar gida ce. George yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya Arthur da ƴan'uwa biyu ƙane, tagwaye Charley da Eugene.
Girma George ya dauki lokaci mai yawa tare da 'yan uwansa suna gina jiragen sama na samfurin balsa a cikin taron bitar da mahaifinsa ya gudu daga ginin gidan danginsu inda ya ƙarfafa George ƙaunar yin tinkere da abubuwa don inganta su. Ya kuma ci gaba da nuna godiya ga kiɗa ta hanyar sauraron faifan bidiyo da babban yayansa yakan kawo gida daga kwalejin da yake karatu a lokacin.
George ya halarci Makarantar Elementary ta Monroe kusa da kusurwar daga inda ya girma sannan ya wuce zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Garfield kafin ya kammala a Makarantar Sakandare ta Lincoln. A lokacin makarantar sakandare sha'awar George ga kimiyyar jiki ta haɓaka bayan gano na'urorin lantarki da kuma injiniyoyi - ya yi amfani da wannan ilimin don yin amfani da abubuwa kamar rediyo da tsarin magana yayin da yake koyar da kansa ka'idar kiɗa a cikin lokacinsa.
Har ya fara aiki daga gidansa ta hanyar gyara amplifiers ga abokai yana ɗan shekara sha biyar! Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Fullerton ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali ga yin waƙa a sana'arsa wanda shine abin da ya sa shi ya ƙirƙiri wasu kayan aikin sa na farko wanda ya canza yadda ake yin guitar a yau.
Menene iliminsa?
George Fullerton ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙira ne wanda ya koyar da kansa. Ya girma a karkarar Ontario, ya sami kwanciyar hankali a cikin tinkering da injuna da na'urorin lantarki. Wannan sha'awar ta rikide da sauri zuwa sha'awarsa, kuma ya fara bincikar fasahar gitar lantarki da gaske.
Lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Fullerton ya ƙaura daga Ontario zuwa California bisa ga umarnin mahaifinsa kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Laguna Beach. Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, ya tafi Jami'ar Stanford inda ya sami digiri a fannin injiniyan lantarki a shekarar 1941. Daga baya aka cire shi daga aikin soja saboda ciwon zuciya, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar mai da hankali kan karuwar sha'awar fasahar guitar.
Fullerton ya fara aiki a matsayin injiniya tare da masana'antun tsaro daban-daban a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, amma wannan daga bisani ya koma cikin sha'awar fasaha ta guitar yayin da amplifiers na tube da sauran kayan lantarki suka fara yaduwa a tsakanin mawaƙa. Bayan yakin ya ƙare, Fullerton ya yanke shawarar yin aiki a matsayin mai ƙirƙira mai zaman kansa wanda ya ƙware wajen ƙirƙirar na'urori na al'ada don mawaƙa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙirƙira zai ci gaba da canza tarihin kiɗa har abada: Fender Electric Guitar!
Career
George Fullerton majagaba ne injiniyan lantarki wanda ya yi aiki da Kamfanin Kayan Kayan Kiɗa na Fender. An ba shi lambar yabo don ƙirƙirar gitar Fender Stratocaster, kuma sauran gudummawar da ya bayar ga kamfanin sun haɗa da ƙaddamar da Fender Precision Bass da Amplifier. Aikin Fullerton an sadaukar da shi ne don bincike da haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin amfani da fasahar guitar lantarki. Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar gitar wutar lantarki ta farko ta farko a cikin 1950.
Menene tafarkin aikinsa?
George Fullerton yana da dogon aiki mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya fara tun yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyar lokacin da ya shiga aikin sojan ruwan Amurka. Bayan yawon shakatawa na shekaru hudu, ya ci gaba da karatunsa kuma ya shiga aikin injiniyan lantarki kuma ya sami takardun shaida da dama da suka shafi aikinsa.
A matsayinsa na injiniya, ya yi aiki da kamfanoni da dama inda ya samu gogewa a fannonin injiniya daban-daban, tun daga samar da wutar lantarki zuwa fasahar lantarki. Kwarewar aikinsa a ƙarshe ta sa shi shiga cikin ƙwararrun injiniyoyin ma'aikata a Kamfanin Fender Electric Instruments Company a Fullerton, California. A Fender, George yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka gitatar lantarki da amplifiers don wasu manyan masu yin kida na zamaninmu kamar Eric Clapton.
George ya zauna tare da Fender har zuwa 1964 kafin ya yanke shawarar biyan wasu bukatu kamar zama farfesa a Kwalejin Fullerton inda ya koyar da darussan kan acoustics da Electronics sama da shekaru goma sha uku har ya yi ritaya a 1977. ƙirƙira zaɓen kiɗan da ke amfanar mawaƙa a duniya a yau.
Fitaccen injiniyan ya rasu ne a ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2008 yana da shekaru 85 yana matashi bayan ya bar gadon baya wanda ya shafi mutane da dama cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata ta hanyoyi daban-daban ta hanyar dimbin nasarorin da ya samu a matsayin injiniyan lantarki.
Wasu manyan nasarorin da ya samu?
George Fullerton sau da yawa ana yaba da ƙirƙira wasu daga cikin fitattun katar a duniya. Ya fara ne a matsayin koyo a Fender a cikin 1945 kuma zai kasance a can kusan rabin karni, daga karshe ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa da babban manaja.
A lokacin da yake a Fender, Fullerton ya ƙirƙira shahararrun samfuran kayan aiki da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba da tsara sautin mashahurin kiɗan shekaru da yawa. Ya ƙera gitar lantarki mai ƙarfi ta farko ta nasara, yana gabatar da fasali kamar sandunan ƙwanƙwasa da filaye masu daɗi waɗanda suka kawar da wasu kurakuran kayan aikin lantarki na farko. Ayyukansa sun kafa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abin da sauran masana'antun za su iya auna kansu.
Fullerton ya aza harsashi da yawa don samfuran samarwa na zamani tare da ƙwarewar ƙirar sa lokacin da yake taimakawa wajen gyara ƙirar asali na Leo Fender zuwa guntu masu kyan gani kamar Mustang, Bronco da guitars na Musicmaster. Babban nasarar da ya samu ita ce samar da kayan kan layi na shida-bidi'a da ke ba masana'antun damar samar da waɗannan kayan aikin da ake iya gane su cikin sauƙi ba tare da lalata kamanni ko ingancinsu ba.
Wannan samfurin da aka sake fasalin ba da daɗewa ba ya zama lasisi daga kamfanoni da yawa, irin su Gretsch da Rickenbacker, waɗanda suka yi amfani da shi azaman dandamali wanda daga ciki za su iya gina nasu kayan aikin bisa ƙa'idodin Fullerton na ingantacciyar wasa da amincin tonal.
Baya ga kasancewa da alhakin ƙirƙira sabbin abubuwa na almara na Fender Guitar, Fullerton ya rubuta labarin fasaha da yawa game da ginin guitar kuma ya rubuta littattafan koyarwa duka ga ƙwararrun ƴan wasa da masu sha'awar sha'awa iri ɗaya. Mafi mahimmanci, ya rubuta "Guitar Player Repair Guide" (1977), "The Fender Telecaster: History & Development" (1992) da "Guitar Player Repair Guide Volume 2: Electric Guitar - Cikakken Jagora don Saita da Kulawa" (2005). George Fullerton kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyoyi biyu masu zaman kansu waɗanda ba su da kida waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu ga ilimi: Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Duniya da Fasaha (tsohon LACTI) a La Jolla, CA; Kuma Jirgin Jirgin Sama na Albuquerque New Mexico - Kamfani Wanda Yanzu ke Kera Jiragen Sama Masu Sauƙi Yayin da A lokaci guda ke haɓaka software na horar da matukin jirgi don Amfani da Makarantun Jirgin Sama a Faɗin Amurka da Duniya.
Legacy
George Fullerton ya kasance ƙwararren gitar lantarki, wanda ya ƙirƙira wasu fitattun kayayyaki na masana'antar. Shahararrun abubuwan da ya kirkira sune Fender Stratocaster da Telecaster guitars, duka zane-zane masu jagorantar masana'antu. An kuma san shi da sha’awar kida da kimiya, wanda hakan ya zaburar da shi wajen kirkiro wasu kayan aikin da suka yi tasiri a tarihin dutse da nadi. Bari mu dubi gadonsa da kyau.
Wadanne irin gudunmawar da ya bayar?
George Fullerton babban jigo ne a tarihin kiɗa da injiniyan guitar. Ya hada gitar Fender Stratocaster, daya daga cikin fitattun gitar lantarki a kowane lokaci. Ya kuma haɓaka The Fender Precision Bass, guitar bass na farko da aka taɓa yin zafi.
Stratocaster ƙwararren ƙwararren kiɗa ne wanda mawaƙa na zamani da masu fafutuka ke ci gaba da amfani da su. An gani a cikin tsararraki a cikin saitunan kiɗa masu yawa, ciki har da dutsen, jazz, ƙasa da blues kuma ya zama alamar alama ga duk wanda ke neman sauti na musamman.
Babban gudummawar Fullerton ga duniyar kiɗa shine Fender Precision bass, wanda ya haifar da haɓaka wasu samfuran bass da yawa a duk tsawon aikinsa a Fender kamar Jazz bass, P-Bass (Precision Bass) da Bass Mustang. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan samfuran ya ba wa 'yan wasa ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka dangane da ƙwarewar sauti a matakan kasafin kuɗi daban-daban. A yau waɗannan kayan aikin mashahuran mawaƙa a duk faɗin duniya suna amfani da su don neman ingantattun sautin sautin salon wasansu.
A ƙarshe amma ba ko kadan George Fullerton ya bar mu da ra'ayoyi da yawa da ya kawo rayuwa a cikin shekaru 25 da ya yi tare da Fender Music Corporation; daya kasancewa gadar tremolo wanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙirar ƙira akan kayan kirtani kamar gitar lantarki da violin don sarrafa vibrato na duniya - wannan ya zama sananne da Matsayin Mexican a yau a yawancin nau'ikan kayan kida masu ƙarfi a yau kamar guitars na gargajiya da sauransu…
Baya ga manyan nasarorin da ya samu da aka ambata a sama George Fullerton ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa da yawa akan ginin gita kamar miƙa wuyan wuyan wuyan adawa da ƙulla wuyan wuyan ƙirƙira ta hanyoyi daban-daban akan ƙirar kayan aiki marasa ƙima yayin aiki a Fender wanda ya sa a iya gane su har zuwa yau yana ba mu. Sautunan da aka saba da su sun kasance suna raye cikin shekarun da suka gabata suna yin tasiri kusan kowane amplifier na zamani ko akwatin stomp da aka tsara tun daga wannan lokacin gami da kunna walƙiya / lokaci / matsi mai kunna tashar amplifiers! Duk wannan yana tabbatar da ingantaccen kayan aiki lokacin wasa akan kowane matakin da ake iya tunanin duniya yana samar da sauti na yau da kullun har yanzu muna jin daɗin yau!
Ta yaya aikinsa ya shafi masana'antar guitar?
George Fullerton, wanda aka haifa a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1923, mutum ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar guitar. Ayyukansa tare da Leo Fender da Fender Musical Instruments ya haifar da yawancin ƙirar Fender masu kyan gani waɗanda har yanzu suna shahara a yau.
Fullerton ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Leo Fender a cikin 1946 don ƙirƙirar wasu fitattun gitars da amplifiers da Fender Musical Instruments ya taɓa yi. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka kirkira akwai Telecaster, Precision Bass, Stratocaster da Jazzmaster. Gudunmawar duo ba wai kawai ta canza sautin wasan guitar na zamani ba har ma sun fara samar da kayan aiki da yawa wanda ya baiwa 'yan wasan guitar damar shiga cikin ƙwararrun da'irori cikin sauƙi fiye da kowane lokaci.
Har yanzu ana jin tasirin abin da Fullerton da Fender suka yi a duk masana'antar kiɗa. 'Yan wasa daga kowane nau'i na son aikinsu, gami da jazz, rock & roll da ƴan wasan blues waɗanda ke amfani da waɗannan gita sosai a wasan kwaikwayonsu. Daruruwan masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a duk duniya suna amfani da Telecasters da Stratocasters a matsayin wani ɓangare na daidaitattun kayan aikin su lokacin da suke wasa kai tsaye ko yin rikodin a cikin sitidiyo. Gitarar sa hannu da aka yi musamman don shahararrun 'yan wasa an ci gaba da fitar da su tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙira samfuran su na asali a cikin 1946, suna nuna yadda ƙirar gaba ta Fullerton da Faulkner suka kasance.
Babban nasarar da kayan aikin Fender suka samu ya samo asali ne daga hangen nesa na George Fullerton don sabon nau'in kayan aiki wanda zai iya kaiwa ga babban yanki na kasuwa fiye da yadda zai yiwu ga kowane ma'aikacin guitarist ko ma'aikacin kantin kiɗa. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa ne miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya suka zama masu ƙwaƙƙwaran Ampeg ampeg, haka kuma masu sha'awar Telecaster ko Stratocaster - idan ba don ƙirar sa sama da shekaru 70 da suka gabata ba, babu ɗayan wannan da zai yuwu a yau!
Kammalawa
George Fullerton ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga kamfanin gitar Fender a duniya. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsarawa da bunƙasa shahararriyar guitar ta Stratocaster, kuma ana iya ganin tasirinsa a cikin gitar da yawa da mawaƙa ke amfani da su a yau. sadaukarwarsa, ƙirƙira da sha'awar sa sun kasance abin ban mamaki da gaske kuma sun bar gado mai ɗorewa a masana'antar guitar. A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi rayuwar George Fullerton da kuma tasiri mai dorewa da ya yi a duniyar kiɗa.
Takaitacciyar rayuwar George Fullerton da aikinsa
An haifi George Fullerton a Akron, Ohio a shekara ta 1922. Ya ƙaura zuwa Seattle kafin yakin duniya na biyu ya fara. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin lantarki a rundunar sojojin ruwa a lokacin yakin, ya kuma bunkasa fasaharsa da wutar lantarki da lantarki. Bayan yakin, ya halarci Jami'ar Washington a yau kuma ya sami digiri a fannin injiniyanci, sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech).
Kwarewar Fullerton game da na'urorin lantarki, tare da ƙwarewarsa a fannin kimiyya da injiniya, ya sa shi ya zama mai neman sabon abu. Wataƙila mafi shahara, Fullerton an san shi da ɗaya daga cikin abokan farko na Leo Fender a Kamfanin Kayan Wutar Lantarki na Fender. Shi, Clif 'Mr.Tremolo' Wineright, da Doc Kauffman sun ƙirƙira ɗaya daga cikin ƙirar farko don guitar lantarki kuma sun ƙirƙiri nasu sigar bayan haɗawa cikin Fender. Baya ga wannan babbar gudummawa ga tarihin kiɗa, Fullerton ya kuma yi aiki a kan wasu ƙirƙira da yawa kamar amplifiers, pre-amps da na'urorin lantarki don kayan kiɗan.
Fullerton ya ji daɗin nasara a Fender kuma daga baya a Randall Smith's G&L Guitar shekaru da yawa kafin ya mutu saboda ciwon daji a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2002; yana da shekaru 79 a duniya. Ana iya ganin gadonsa na mai ƙirƙira a fannoni da yawa na samar da kiɗan zamani tun daga na'urorin sauti zuwa na'ura mai kwakwalwa kamar yadda NAMM (Ma'aikatan Kiɗa na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa) ta karrama su. George Fullerton hakika ya canza tsarin tarihin kiɗa tare da ra'ayoyinsa & sababbin abubuwa; ba kawai ta hanyar guitars ba amma ta hanyar amps & sauran sassan sauti waɗanda ke taimakawa ƙirƙirar sauti mai ƙarfi wanda har yanzu muna jin daɗin yau.
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
