A fagen acoustics, diaphragm shine a transducer an yi niyya don musanya tsaka-tsakin motsi da sauti cikin aminci. Yawancin lokaci ana gina shi da siraren membrane ko takardar kayan aiki daban-daban. Matsalolin iska daban-daban na raƙuman sauti suna ba da rawar jiki zuwa diaphragm wanda za'a iya kama shi azaman wani nau'i na makamashi (ko baya).
Fahimtar Marubutan Makarufo: Zuciyar Fasahar Makirifo
A Reno diaphragm shine babban bangaren makirufo wanda ke canza makamashin sauti (rawan sauti) zuwa makamashin lantarki (siginar sauti). Abu ne na bakin ciki, mai laushi, yawanci madauwari a siffa, wanda aka yi da mylar ko wasu kayan masarufi na musamman. Diaphragm yana motsawa cikin tausayi tare da rikicewar iska da igiyoyin sauti ke haifarwa, kuma wannan motsi yana canza zuwa wutar lantarki wanda za'a iya ciyar da shi zuwa kayan aiki.
Muhimmancin Zane-zanen Diaphragm
Zane na diaphragm na makirufo yana da matuƙar mahimmanci, saboda yana iya tasiri sosai ga halayen siginar sauti da aka samar. Wadannan su ne wasu muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari yayin zayyana diaphragm na makirufo:
- Girman: Girman diaphragm na iya zuwa daga ƙarami (kasa da inci a diamita) zuwa girma da yawa, ya danganta da nau'in makirufo da kewayon mitoci da yake buƙatar ɗauka.
- Material: Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don yin diaphragm na iya bambanta dangane da buƙatun makirufo. Wasu kayan gama gari sun haɗa da mylar, ƙarfe, da ribbon.
- Nau'i: Akwai nau'ikan diaphragms daban-daban, gami da dynamic, condenser (capacitor), da ribbon. Kowane nau'i yana da halaye na musamman da amfani.
- Siffa: Siffar diaphragm na iya shafar yadda yake jijjiga cikin tausayi tare da hargitsin iska da ke haifar da igiyoyin sauti.
- Mass: Yawan diaphragm wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ikonsa na motsawa cikin tausayi tare da raƙuman sauti. An fi son diaphragm mai motsi tare da ƙaramin taro gabaɗaya don yawancin nau'ikan makirufo.
Bambance-bambancen Fasaha Tsakanin Nau'in Diaphragm
Wadannan su ne wasu bambance-bambancen fasaha tsakanin mafi yawan nau'ikan diaphragms na makirufo:
- Dynamic: Makirifo mai ƙarfi yana amfani da diaphragm wanda ke manne da naɗa mai motsi. Lokacin da raƙuman sauti suka bugi diaphragm, yana haifar da na'urar motsi, wanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki.
- Condenser (Capacitor): Makirifo mai ɗaukar hoto yana amfani da diaphragm wanda aka ajiye a gaban farantin karfe. Diaphragm da farantin suna samar da capacitor, kuma lokacin da raƙuman sauti suka buga diaphragm, yana sa tazarar da ke tsakanin diaphragm da farantin ta canza, wanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki.
- Ribbon: makirufo mai ribbon yana amfani da diaphragm wanda aka yi da siriri na karfe (kintin ƙarfe). Lokacin da raƙuman sauti ya buga ribbon, yana girgiza cikin tausayi, wanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki.
Matsayin Diaphragm a Ayyukan Makirifo
Diaphragm shine babban abin da ke cikin makirufo wanda ke juyar da kuzarin sauti zuwa makamashin lantarki. Ƙarfinsa don canza raƙuman sauti yadda ya kamata zuwa wutar lantarki yana da mahimmanci ga gaba ɗaya aikin makirufo. Waɗannan su ne wasu mahimman abubuwan da za a yi la'akari yayin kimanta aikin diaphragm na makirufo:
- Hankali: Hankalin makirufo yana nufin matakin fitarwar lantarki da yake samarwa a matsayin martani ga matakin sauti da aka bayar. Maɗaukakin diaphragm mai mahimmanci zai samar da siginar lantarki mai ƙarfi don matakin sauti da aka bayar.
- Martanin Mitar: Amsar mitar makirufo tana nufin iyawarsa ta kama kewayon mitoci daidai. Tsarin diaphragm mai kyau zai iya ɗaukar mitoci da yawa ba tare da gabatar da gagarumin murdiya ko wasu kayan tarihi ba.
- Tsarin Polar: Tsarin polar na makirufo yana nufin alkiblar hankalin sa. Tsarin diaphragm mai kyau zai iya ɗaukar sauti yadda ya kamata daga alkiblar da ake so yayin da yake rage hankali ga sauti daga wasu kwatance.
Kwayar
Makirifo diaphragm wani muhimmin abu ne na kowane makirufo, kuma ƙirarsa da halayensa na iya tasiri sosai ga ingancin siginar sauti da aka samar. Lokacin kimanta nau'ikan makirufo daban-daban, yana da mahimmanci a mai da hankali sosai ga ƙira da aikin diaphragm, saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin duka naúrar makirufo.
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwal na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙa ) ya yi
- Manya-manyan diaphragms sun kasance suna samun ƙarin faɗaɗa amsawar mitar da mafi kyawun hankali mai ƙaranci, yana sa su dace don rikodin kiɗa da muryoyin.
- Ƙananan diaphragms sun fi jin daɗin ƙarar sauti kuma ana amfani da su don yin rikodin kayan kida da kuma azaman makirufo mai sama a cikin kayan ganga.
Duniyar Abu: Tasirin Abubuwan Diaphragm akan ingancin Sauti
- Kayan da aka yi amfani da shi don yin diaphragm na iya tasiri sosai ga ingancin sautin makirufo.
- Aluminum diaphragms yawanci ana amfani da su a cikin microphones masu ƙarfi kuma suna samar da sauti mai dumi, na halitta.
- Makarufan Ribbon yawanci suna amfani da siraren foil na aluminum ko wasu kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar diaphragm wanda ke amsa da kyau ga sautuna masu yawa.
- Microphones na na'ura galibi suna amfani da fim ɗin polymer na bakin ciki ko kayan lantarki don ƙirƙirar diaphragm wanda ke da matuƙar kula da raƙuman sauti.
Mafarkin Lantarki: Matsayin Cajin Lantarki a Ayyukan Diaphragm
- Makarufan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto yana buƙatar cajin lantarki don aiki, wanda ake bayarwa ta wutar lantarki ta DC ta hanyar haɗin makirufo.
- Cajin lantarki akan diaphragm yana ba shi damar yin girgiza don amsa raƙuman sauti mai shigowa, ƙirƙirar siginar lantarki wanda za'a iya ƙarawa da rikodin rikodin.
- Makarufan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto suna da cajin lantarki na dindindin da aka gina a cikin diaphragm, yana sa su fi dacewa da sauƙin amfani.
Haɗa Duka Tare: Yadda Abubuwan Ayyukan Diaphragm ke Shafan Zaɓin mic ɗin ku
- Fahimtar abubuwan aikin diaphragm shine mabuɗin don zaɓar mafi kyawun makirufo don buƙatun ku.
- Manyan diaphragms suna da kyau don rikodin kiɗa da muryoyin murya, yayin da ƙananan diaphragms sun fi kyau ga kayan kida da kayan ganga.
- Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don yin diaphragm na iya tasiri sosai ga ingancin sautin makirufo, tare da aluminium, kintinkiri, da polymer kasancewa zaɓi na gama gari.
- Siffar diaphragm na iya yin tasiri kai tsaye da ingancin sauti da aikin makirufo, tare da filaye masu lebur suna samar da ƙarin sautin yanayi da filaye masu lanƙwasa suna ƙirƙirar sauti mai launi.
- Cajin wutar lantarki akan diaphragm yana da mahimmanci don marufonin na'ura, tare da electret condenser microphones kasancewa sanannen zaɓi don dacewa da sauƙin amfani.
Ƙa'idar Acoustic: Matsi da Matsi-Gradient
Idan ya zo ga makirufo, akwai manyan nau'ikan ka'idodin sauti guda biyu waɗanda ake amfani da su don gano raƙuman sauti: matsa lamba da matsa lamba. Ga abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da waɗannan hanyoyin guda biyu:
- Makarufan matsi: Waɗannan makirufonin suna gano raƙuman sauti ta hanyar auna sauye-sauyen matsa lamba na iska wanda ke faruwa lokacin da raƙuman sauti suka buga diaphragm na makirufo. Hakanan ana kiran wannan nau'in makirufo a matsayin makirufo ta ko'ina saboda tana ɗaukar raƙuman sauti daga kowane bangare daidai.
- Microphones na matsin lamba: Waɗannan makirufonin suna gano raƙuman sauti ta hanyar auna bambance-bambancen matsa lamba tsakanin gaba da bayan diaphragm na makirufo. Hakanan ana kiran wannan nau'in makirufo a matsayin makirufo mai jagora saboda ya fi sauran sautunan da ke fitowa daga wasu kwatance.
Yadda Matsi da Matsi-Matsayin Marufofi ke Aiki
Don fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin matsi da makirufo mai matsa lamba, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci yadda kowane nau'in makirufo ke aiki:
- Makarufan matsi: Lokacin da raƙuman sauti suka isa diaphragm na makirufo, suna haifar da diaphragm don girgiza baya da baya. Wannan motsi yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba na iska wanda mai sarrafa makirufo ya gano. Sakamakon siginar jiwuwa ainihin wakilcin raƙuman sauti ne kai tsaye wanda ya bugi diaphragm na makirufo.
- Microphones na matsin lamba: Lokacin da raƙuman sauti suka isa diaphragm na makirufo, suna haifar da diaphragm don girgiza baya da gaba ta hanya madaidaiciya. Duk da haka, saboda baya na diaphragm yana fuskantar wani yanayi na sauti daban-daban fiye da na gaba, girman girman da kuma lokaci na igiyoyin da ke kaiwa bayan diaphragm zai bambanta da gaba. Wannan yana haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin yadda diaphragm ke amsawa ga raƙuman sauti, wanda na'urar transducer microphone ke ganowa. Sakamakon siginar mai jiwuwa shine haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiyar raƙuman sautin kai tsaye da bambance-bambancen lokaci mai biye da girman.
Fahimtar Tsarin Polar
Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin matsi da makirufo mai matsa lamba shine hanyar da suke gano raƙuman sauti, wanda ke shafar hankalin makirufo da halayen jagoranci. Tsarin polar na makirufo yana bayyana yadda yake amsa sautin da ke fitowa daga wurare daban-daban. Anan akwai shahararrun ƙirar polar guda uku:
- Cardioid: Wannan tsarin ya fi dacewa da sautunan da ke fitowa daga gaban makirufo da rashin kula da sautunan da ke fitowa daga tarnaƙi da na baya.
- Bidirectional: Wannan tsarin yana da kulawa daidai da sautunan da ke fitowa daga gaba da bayan makirufo amma ba su kula da sautunan da ke fitowa daga bangarorin.
- Omnidirectional: Wannan tsari daidai yake yana kula da sautunan da ke fitowa daga kowane bangare.
Babban-Adireshi Tare da Adireshin Gefe-Adireshin Makirufo Diaphragms
An ƙirƙira makirufo na sama-address tare da diaphragm wanda aka yi daidai da jikin mic. Wannan ƙira yana sauƙaƙe sanya mic ɗin kuma yana da amfani musamman don kwasfan fayiloli da rikodi na hannu. Babban fa'idar makirufo na sama-adireshi shine suna ba mai amfani damar ganin diaphragm, yana sauƙaƙa sanya mic ɗin da nufe shi ta hanyar da ta dace.
Samfuran gama gari da Samfuran Babban Adireshi da Makarufo-Adireshin Gefe
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan makirufo da samfura masu yawa a kasuwa, kowannensu yana da nasa ƙira da halaye na musamman. Wasu daga cikin fitattun samfuran samfura da samfura na babban adireshi makirufo sun haɗa da Rode NT1-A, AKG C414, da Shure SM7B. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun samfuran da samfuran makirufo-adireshin gefe sun haɗa da Neumann U87, Sennheiser MKH 416, da Shure SM57.
Mafi kyawun makirufo don Bukatun ku
Daga ƙarshe, mafi kyawun makirufo don buƙatunku zai dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da yanayin rikodin ku, nau'in sautin da kuke rikodin, da kasafin kuɗin ku. Yana da mahimmanci don yin binciken ku kuma bincika sake dubawa da samfuran sauti kafin yin siye. Wasu mahimman abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar mic sun haɗa da:
- Hankali na diaphragm
- Tsarin polar na mic
- Tsarin jiki da girman mic
- Matsayin farashi da ƙimar kuɗi gabaɗaya
Motsi-Coil diaphragm: Maƙarƙashiyar Makaruho mai ƙarfi
Ka'idar da ke bayan diaphragm mai motsi mai motsi ta dogara ne akan tasirin kusanci, inda mafi kusancin diaphragm yake zuwa tushen sauti, mafi girman hankalin makirufo. Ana yin diaphragm yawanci daga filastik ko aluminum kuma ana sanya shi a cikin capsule wanda ke manne da jikin makirufo. Lokacin da raƙuman sauti ya buga diaphragm, yana girgiza, yana haifar da na'urar da aka makala don motsawa a cikin filin maganadisu, yana haifar da wutar lantarki da ake aikawa ta igiyoyin microphone.
Menene Fa'idodi da rashin amfani?
abũbuwan amfãni:
- Motsawar diaphragms gabaɗaya ba su da hankali fiye da diaphragms na na'ura, yana mai da su ƙasa da saurin ɗaukar hayaniyar da ba a so.
- Suna da matuƙar ɗorewa kuma suna iya jure matakan matsin sauti ba tare da murdiya ba.
- Yawanci ba su da tsada fiye da na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, yana mai da su babban zaɓi ga waɗanda ke kan kasafin kuɗi.
disadvantages:
- Diaphragms masu motsi ba su da mahimmanci kamar diaphragms na na'ura, ma'ana ƙila ba za su iya ɗauka dalla-dalla a cikin sauti ba.
- Suna buƙatar sigina mai ƙarfi don yin aiki, wanda zai iya zama matsala idan kuna yin rikodin wani abu mai ƙaranci a zahiri.
- Idan aka kwatanta da diaphragms na kintinkiri, ƙila ba za su kasance da yanayin sauti ba.
Ta yaya yake Kwatanta da sauran diaphragms?
- Idan aka kwatanta da diaphragms na ribbon, diaphragms masu motsi gabaɗaya sun fi ɗorewa kuma suna iya ɗaukar matakan matsa lamba mafi girma ba tare da murdiya ba.
- Idan aka kwatanta da diaphragms na condenser, diaphragms masu motsi masu motsi ba su da hankali kuma suna buƙatar sigina mai ƙarfi don aiki, amma kuma ba su da saurin ɗaukar hayaniyar baya da ba a so.
Wadanne Alamomi Ke Amfani da Motsi-Coil Diaphragms?
- Shure SM57 da SM58 sune biyu daga cikin fitattun marufofi waɗanda ke amfani da diaphragms masu motsi.
- Electro-Voice RE20 wani mashahurin makirufo ne mai ƙarfi wanda ke amfani da diaphragm mai motsi.
Gabaɗaya, shin Motsi-Coil diaphragm zaɓi ne mai kyau?
Idan kana buƙatar makirufo mai ɗorewa, zai iya ɗaukar matakan matsa lamba mai girma ba tare da murdiya ba, kuma ba shi da wuyar ɗaukar hayaniyar da ba'a so ba, to, diaphragm mai motsi mai motsi na iya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi. Koyaya, idan kuna buƙatar makirufo mai mahimmanci kuma zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin daki-daki a cikin sautin, to, diaphragm na na'urar na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi. Duk ya dogara da abin da kuke buƙatar makirufo don abin da kasafin ku yake.
Ribbon Diaphragm: Kyakkyawar Abun Ƙirƙirar Sauti Mai Kyau
Wasu fa'idodin amfani da makirufo diaphragm ribbon sun haɗa da:
- Kyakkyawan ingancin sauti: Ƙarfin ribbon diaphragm na ɗaukar sauti na halitta, mara launi ya sa ya zama sanannen zaɓi don yin rikodi da muryoyin murya a cikin ɗakin studio.
- Faɗin mitar mitoci: Ribbon mics yawanci suna da kewayon mitar mitoci fiye da sauran nau'ikan makirufo, yana basu damar ɗaukar faɗuwar sauti.
- Karamin girman: Ribbon mics yawanci ƙanƙanta ne fiye da na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na gargajiya da kuma mics masu ƙarfi, yana mai da su babban zaɓi don yin rikodi a cikin matsatsun wurare.
- Sautin Vintage: Ribbon mics suna da suna don samar da dumi, sautin gira wanda mutane da yawa suka ga abin sha'awa.
- Keɓaɓɓen sauti: An ƙera ribbon mics don ɗaukar sauti daga ɓangarorin, maimakon gaba da baya, wanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar sauti keɓe.
- Zane mai wucewa: Saboda ribbon mics ba su da ƙarfi, ba sa buƙatar ƙarfin fatalwa ko wasu hanyoyin wutar lantarki na waje don aiki.
Menene Manyan Nau'o'in Ribbon Diaphragm Microphones?
Akwai manyan nau'ikan makirufo diaphragm ribbon:
- Mics ɗin kintinkiri mai wucewa: Waɗannan mics ɗin ba sa buƙatar kowane ƙarfin waje don aiki kuma galibi sun fi ƙwaƙƙwara da hankali fiye da mics ɗin kintinkiri mai aiki.
- Mics kintinkiri mai aiki: Waɗannan mics ɗin suna da ginanniyar ƙirar preamp wanda ke haɓaka sigina daga ribbon, yana haifar da matakin fitarwa mai ƙarfi. Mics kintinkiri mai aiki yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarfin fatalwa don aiki.
Na'urar Condenser (Capacitor) Diaphragm a cikin Marufofi
Diaphragm na na'ura mai kwakwalwa yana da matukar damuwa kuma yana iya ɗaukar ko da ƙaramar sauti. Wannan hankali ya samo asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa diaphragm yawanci an yi shi da wani abu mai sirara, wanda ke ba shi damar girgiza cikin sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, makirufo na na'ura yana buƙatar tushen wuta, yawanci ana samarwa ta hanyar tushen wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba shi damar ƙirƙirar siginar lantarki mai ƙarfi.
Me yasa ake ɗaukarsa Capacitor?
Ana ɗaukar diaphragm na condenser a matsayin capacitor saboda yana amfani da ka'idodin ƙarfin aiki don ƙirƙirar siginar lantarki. Capacitance shine ikon na'ura don adana cajin wutar lantarki, kuma a yanayin da ake ciki na diaphragm na condenser, canjin tazara tsakanin farantin karfe biyu yana haifar da canji na capacitance, wanda aka canza zuwa siginar lantarki.
Menene Ma'anar DC da AC dangane da Condenser Diaphragm?
DC tana nufin kai tsaye, wanda shine nau'in wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta hanya ɗaya. AC yana nufin alternating current, wanda shine nau'in wutar lantarki wanda ke canza alkibla lokaci-lokaci. Game da diaphragm na condenser, tushen wutar lantarki wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga tsarin zai iya zama ko dai DC ko AC, dangane da ƙirar makirufo.
Menene Matsayin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Rikodi?
Diaphragm na na'ura mai kwakwalwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin rikodi ta hanyar canza raƙuman sauti zuwa siginar lantarki wanda za'a iya adanawa da sarrafa shi. Hankalinsa da iya ɗaukar mitoci da yawa sun sa ya zama sanannen zaɓi don yin rikodin sauti da na'urorin sauti, da kuma ɗaukar sauti na yanayi a cikin ɗaki ko muhalli. Daidaitaccen yanayin sautinsa na dabi'a kuma yana sa ya zama babban zaɓi don ɗaukar ainihin ainihin aikin.
Kammalawa
Don haka, wannan shine abin da diaphragm yake da kuma yadda yake aiki a cikin makirufo. Wani ɗan ƙaramin abu ne wanda ke juyar da kuzarin sauti zuwa makamashin lantarki. Shi ne mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren makirufo, don haka kuna buƙatar sanin abin da yake yanzu da kuka san yadda yake aiki. Don haka, kada ku ji tsoron yin tambayoyi idan ba ku da tabbas kuma koyaushe ku tuna don ci gaba da motsi! Na gode da karantawa kuma ina fatan kun koyi sabon abu!
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
