Christian Frederick Martin, Sr. (; Janairu 31, 1796 - Fabrairu 16, 1873) Ba'amurke ne haifaffen Jamus. haske wanda ya kware a gita. Ya yi guitar ta farko a Amurka a cikin 1830s kuma ya kafa CF Martin & Kamfanin.
A cikin duniyar guitar guitars, suna ɗaya ya yi fice fiye da sauran: CF Martin & Co. Fiye da shekaru 180, wannan alamar tambarin guitar ta Amurka tana samar da wasu kayan kida da ake nema a duniya. Amma wanene CF Martin, kuma menene labarinsa ya gaya mana game da tarihin guitar guitars? Mu nutse cikin rayuwa da lokutan wannan farkon luthier.
Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na CF Martin
CF Martin (1796 – 1873) ɗan Amurka ne mai yin gita kuma gabaɗaya ana yaba shi da ƙirƙirar gitar sauti ta zamani. A matsayinka na m da wanda ya kafa Martin & Co. Gititars, Tariwarinsa ya kama shi da tsararren masana'antun da ke aiki a cikin Nazarat, Pennslvania da sauransu a wasu shekarun da yawa.
An haife shi a Jamus, CF Martin ya bar gida a 17 don horar da shi Shagon guitar Johann Stauffer a Vienna, Austria– wanda ya jagoranci masu kera gita a Turai a lokacin. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami yabo don aikinsa kuma a ƙarshe aka naɗa shi shugaban sabon reshe na samarwa a gida a Jamus; kafa babban mashahuran sana'a mai inganci wanda zai zo ya ayyana aikinsa a matsayin babban ƙwararren malami a Amurka shekaru da yawa bayan haka.
Martin bai taɓa bin ƙa'idodin Stauffer ba yayin ɗaukar guitar yin baya a Jamus, duk da haka ya nuna isashen basira don sanya shi a matsayin babban reshe na kamfanin da ke nesa da Vienna, inda Stauffer ya kasance. Ya ci gaba da gwada dabarun gini da zane. shimfida hanya don sababbin kwatance a cikin shekaru masu zuwa da za su ayyana guitars na zamani kamar yadda muka san su a yau - ba tare da rasa ganin dabi'un gargajiya kamar ba ingancin aiki da kyau waɗanda suka riga sun kasance a lokacin farkon Martin a matsayin busker da ke yawo a Faransa ko wasa a raye-rayen Viennese kafin ya zama koyan luthier na cikakken lokaci.
Early Life
Kirista Frederick Martin, Sr. An haife shi a shekara ta 1796 a Markneukirchen, Jamus. Martin ya rinjayi nasa kakan, dan luthier wanda kimarsa ta cika a tarihin lutherie. Baba Martin, Johann Georg Martin, shi kansa luthier ne, kuma su biyun sun yi aiki tare a kantin iyali. Martin ne ya ƙarni na uku na iyalinsa don yin aiki a Lutherie kuma ya koyi sana'ar daga mahaifinsa tun yana karami.
Tarihin CF Martin da tarbiyyarsa
Kirista Frederick Martin, Sr., an haife shi a shekara ta 1796, ɗan gidan da ke gudanar da kasuwancin giya a Markneukirchen, Jamus. Sa'ad da yake ɗan shekara shida kawai, mahaifinsa ya ba shi kayan aikin sa na farko - tsohuwar zit. Martin ya fara yin aikin zither da ƙwazo kuma yana ɗan shekara 13 ya shiga makarantar koyon sana'o'i don masu yin kayan aiki kusa da garinsu.
A cikin 1808, CF ta fara koyo na yau da kullun da Johann Anton Stauffer a Vienna. A wannan lokacin a lokacin, Vienna ya kasance wuri mai zafi don yin kayan aiki kuma ko da yake ya zama kamar makoma mai ban sha'awa ga CF, Vienna ba ta yarda da basirar matasan Jamus ba - har yanzu yana matashi - kuma karatunsa ya ƙare bayan shekaru uku kawai a 1811.
Bayan ya koma Markneukirchen tare da gogewa da buri fiye da da, nan da nan ya zama ƙwararren luthier da kansa kuma ya buɗe shagonsa yana ɗan shekara 20 kawai - yana yin kayan aiki har ma yana sayar da su ga abokan ciniki har zuwa London! Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, nasarar CF ta karu sosai har zuwa ƙarshe a cikin 1837 ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka bisa gayyatar wasu abokan cinikin Amurka waɗanda suka ba shi aiki a kantin sayar da su da ke cikin New York City's Fifth Avenue wuri (inda kantin Martin's flagship Store yake tsaye a halin yanzu).
Koyarwarsa tare da Johann Stauffer
Yana dan shekara 15, CF Martin ya koma Vienna, Ostiriya don shiga cikin shirin horarwa na Johann Stauffer, wani mashahurin mai kera gita. Koyarwarsa na shekaru hudu zai zama wani muhimmin bangare na gyara fasahar sa da fasaha wajen ginawa da gyaran kayan kidan, musamman gita. Legend yana da cewa a wannan lokacin ya ƙirƙira na'ura don taimakawa hako ramukan ciki na jikin violin daidai.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na horonsa, Martin ya kuma yi aiki akan violin da kayan kida a ƙarƙashin kulawar Stauffer, yana koyan yadda aka gina kowane nau'i da kuma yin tinkering tare da fasali don ƙirƙirar samfura na musamman ga ubangidansa. Zamansa na koyo ya kai shi wani balaguron ganowa a Turai yana koyan ayyukan kasuwanci daban-daban, wanda ko shakka babu ya haifar da wasu tushe na farkon abin da daga baya ya zama na musamman na Martin Guitar.
A cikin 1831 yana da shekaru 21 ya bar Vienna a baya kuma ya koma gida zuwa kasuwancin danginsa.
Career
Kirista Frederick Martin ya kasance sanannen luthier kuma mai ƙirƙira a cikin ƙarni na sha tara. An haife shi a shekara ta 1796 a Jamus, Martin ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka yana ɗan shekara 18 kuma ya fara sana'ar sa na gina manyan katar. Aikinsa ya kai shekaru sittin, kuma an ba shi daraja ƙirƙira sanannen gitar dreadnought. Martin yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ma'aikatan luthiers a kowane lokaci kuma ana tunawa da shi don na'urar kere-kere da fasaha na musamman.
Bari mu nutse cikin rayuwa da aikin wannan m mutum:
Farkon aikin Martin a matsayin mai luthier
Kirista Frederick Martin - wanda aka fi sani da CF Martin - ya kasance jagoran rukuni don kasuwancin kirtani na iyali a ƙarshen 1820s. Matsayinsa na farko ya haɗa da koyawa masu koyo da sarrafa abubuwan samarwa tun daga itace har zuwa sassan da aka gama, wanda ya ba shi ginshiƙi mai ƙarfi don aikinsa na gaba a matsayin babban jami'in luthier.
Martin ya yi karatu a Jamus kuma ya sake inganta fasaharsa a matsayin mai koyo a ƙarƙashin Johann Georg Stauffer a Vienna, inda ya yi horo na shekaru uku kuma ya sami gogewa kan yin guitar kafin ya koma kasuwancin iyali a 1833. A 1839. CF Martin ya fara gina nasa kayan kida kusan na keɓance tare da lebur gefe maimakon zagayen ƙirar gargajiya na zamaninsu; wannan salon yanzu ana kiransa da "X- takalmin gyaran kafa.” Kafa kansa da sauri, ya kafa CF Martin & Co., Inc. girma on Maris 1st na waccan shekarar, fara gadon da ba a karye ba wanda ya jure ta hanyar tsararraki shida na gudanarwa ta membobin gidan Martin har zuwa yau.
Yanzu ana bikin duniya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan sunaye a cikin samar da kayan aiki, CF Martin ya kasance mai alhakin tura fasahar Guitar zuwa sabon Heights tare da ci gaba da dabarun ginin, karfe guitar da wecks da suka canza daga lokacin; Hankalinsa na juyin halitta ya buɗe kofofin ci gaban zamani kamar sanduna masu daidaitawa waɗanda tsararraki masu ɗauke da sunansa suka kafa.
Sabbin abubuwan sa a cikin ƙirar guitar
CF Martin an san shi da sabbin ci gabansa na ƙirar guitar da fasahar kere-kere da ke gaban lokacinsu. Ya nemi ya sa na'urorinsa su yi sauti mafi kyau, da sauƙin wasa, da kuma samar da daidaitaccen sautin da zai dace da duk wani kayan kirtani.
A duk tsawon aikinsa, zai ƙirƙira hanyoyi daban-daban don kiyaye wuyan gitas madaidaiciya da haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin gina tsarin takalmin gyaran kafa a cikin gita don yaƙar girgiza kirtani. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun sababbin sababbin abubuwa shine gabatar da wani sandar daidaitacce a cikin wuyan yanki na guitars don samar da iko na gaskiya fiye da yadda za a iya samu tare da kawai frets kadai.
Sauran sabbin abubuwa sun haɗa da:
- Inganta aikin kirtani
- Sabbin saitunan allon yatsa
- Sabbin tsarin sarrafa sautin kamar gangaren gadoji don gitatan lantarki da kuma sandunan truss masu daidaitawa don gitar sauti.
Tsawon shekaru tun bayan rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1873, aikin Martin ya ci gaba da yin tasiri ga ƙirar gita na zamani da wasu manyan taurarin kiɗan na yau da masu luthiers ke amfani da su.
Tasirinsa akan ci gaban guitar zamani
Kirista Frederick Martin Sr., da aka sani kawai CF Martin a mafi yawan da'irori, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu yin luthiers mafi tasiri a tarihin guitar zamani. An haife shi a Jamus a shekara ta 1796, ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka kuma ya zama mai samar da majalisar zartarwa mai nasara yayin da ya ci gaba da inganta sana'arsa - ƙira, gini da kirtani akan sikeli fiye da wanda ya gabace shi.
Gitaran Martin sun canza kayan aikin tare da sabbin abubuwan da ya kirkira akan fasahar gini, takalmin gyaran kafa, sassaka da girma (an san shi da samar da gita tare da manyan jiki fiye da yadda aka saba a lokacin). Ya halicci kayan aikin da suke da su mafi girma ƙarfi da girma fiye da na farkon su, yana sa su fi dacewa da wasan kwaikwayon jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙirƙira a cikin ƙira, Martin kuma ya ƙirƙiri na farko "Abin Damuwa"style babban gitar jiki a cikin 1915 - zane wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu girma dabam a yau - kuma ya jagoranci wani sabon zamani na samar da guitar ta hanyar shigar da ci gaba na karni na 19 kamar kayan aikin injin ci gaba a cikin hanyoyin samar da su.
Tasirin Martin yana sake bayyana ta hanyar ƙira na zamani da yawa a yau; kamar yadda aka tabbatar da samfuransa na haifuwa kamar "The Vintage Series" waɗanda ke ba da girmamawa ga ƙirar ƙira kafin yaƙi. Abubuwan da ya gada ya ƙirƙiri ƙa'idar masana'antu ta amfani da dabarun ginawa da yawancin waɗanda ake kira "masu ginin otal" waɗanda ke kera kayan aikin al'ada waɗanda aka yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun bayanai tare da kulawa sosai ga daki-daki da ƙa'idodin sarrafa ingancin da aka tsara ta hanyar. CF kansa sama da ƙarni biyu da suka wuce.
A takaice: CF Martin gudummawar ta taimaka ba kawai kasuwancin nasa ba har ma da masana'antar yau da kullun a kusa da kayan kidan sauti tare da cikakkiyar innation da ingancin sauti waɗanda za a iya samar da su ta hanyar acoustically - ko da ba tare da haɓakawa ba - ta hanyar ingantaccen aikin injiniyan da ya wuce daga masters kamar su. CF Martin da kansa wanda har yanzu ana yabawa har ma a yau don duk abin da ya yi don waƙar zamani masu yin zane-zane a kowane nau'i.
Legacy
CF Martin an yi tunanin daya daga cikin manya a cikin masu gaskiya. Ya kasance ƙwararren ƙwararren masani ne wanda mutane da yawa a fagen ke girmama aikinsa. Ana kuma yaba masa da kawo sauyi a tsarin zamani Karfe-string Acoustic guitars.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi nazari sosai a kan gadonsa da kuma yadda yake da shi ya rinjayi ƙirar guitar zamani.
Gudunmawar CF Martin ga masana'antar guitar
Christian Frederick Martin gudummawar da masana'antar guitar ba ta da misaltuwa, har a yau. Ya kasance babban ƙwararren luthier wanda ya kafa gitar ƙarafa ta zamani tare da nasa Sabbin takalmin gyaran kafa na X, da kuma gabatar da abin da ya zama sananne a matsayin mafi mashahurin salon jiki don sautin kirtani na karfe-da. Abin Damuwa.
Gadon Martin yana da nisa - ya gabatar da gyare-gyare da yawa ga guitars, kamar su truss sanda, fretboards wanda aka rufe a cikin itace da dovetail wuyan haɗin gwiwa - duk waɗannan sun zama daidaitattun siffofi akan kayan aikin zamani. Mawakan da ba su da yawa sun yi amfani da ƙirarsa tsawon tsararraki, tun daga mawaƙa na gargajiya kamar Beethoven zuwa rock Legends kamar Bob Dylan. CF Martin & Co.'Yan luthiers da yawa a duk duniya an gyara su kuma sun sake yin fassarar ƙirar flagship ɗin Dreadnought tun farkon gabatarwar sa a cikin 1916 kuma ya kasance alama ce ta ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙima a cikin guitars acoustic a yau.
Ka'idodin da sabbin abubuwan CF Martin suka kafa suna ci gaba da jagorantar ƙa'idodin samarwa na kayan aikin zamani kuma tasirinsa yana ci gaba da ƙarfafa masu luthiers a duk duniya waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin haɓaka gadonsa na zamani. fasaha mai inganci da sauti mai kyau lokacin ƙirƙirar nasu gita a yau.
Tasirinsa akan luthiers na zamani
CF Martin Ana iya jin tasirin luthiers na zamani a yau. Yawancin gine-ginen gita da ƙa'idodin ƙira da Martin ya kafa an yi su ne ta hanyar tsararraki na luthiers, wanda hakan ya sa tasirinsa ba shi da tabbas a duka gitar sauti da lantarki.
Yawancin fitattun masu yin gita na yau sun yarda da bashin su ga CF Martin, musamman game da ra'ayoyin sa na farko waɗanda suka kawo guitar kirtani na ƙarfe a cikin zamani tare da kowane ingantaccen ƙira a cikin shekarun da suka gabata - bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai zane a kamfanin kusan shekaru 50! Ayyukansa na majagaba ya sa gita-gita ta ƙara ƙara, ƙarfi da haske fiye da kowane lokaci - gado mai ɗorewa wanda ya tabbatar da kima ga yawancin manyan furodusa da injiniyoyin sauti a cikin shekaru da yawa saboda godiyar da aka samu don samun sautin da ake so a cikin nau'ikan kiɗan da yawa.
Ƙirƙirar sababbin ra'ayoyin Martin sun canza yadda mutane ke jin kiɗan murya; daga farkon blues master Robert Johnson ga masu fasahar zamani ciki har da Ed Sheeran, John Mayer da Mumford & Sons - waƙoƙin su sun dogara da falsafar CF Martin don sauti da inganci akan mataki ko a cikin rikodin studio iri ɗaya!
Kammalawa
CF Martin Gado a cikin duniyar luthier ya faɗaɗa kuma an kiyaye shi ta cikin tsararrun masu sana'a da mata a duk faɗin duniya. Nasa"Martin” ana daukar guitar a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan sauti kuma wasu manyan mawakan sun yi amfani da su. Tasirinsa a duniyar kiɗa da lutherie ya kasance mai ƙaryatuwa kuma zai ci gaba da rayuwa har tsawon shekaru masu zuwa.
Takaitacciyar rayuwa da gadon CF Martin
CF Martin ya kasance mai yin luthier kuma mai yin gita wanda ya yi wasu daga cikin fitattun gitar kiɗan da suka taɓa jin daɗin duniyar kiɗa. An haife shi a shekara ta 1796 a Jamus, ya fito ne daga dangin luthiers waɗanda suka kera kayan kida daban-daban sama da shekaru 100. Ya fara aiki da kayan aikin sa tun yana ƙarami kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya ƙaura zuwa Amurka don fara kasuwancinsa. Bayan ya zagaya ƙasar kuma ya sadu da kamfanonin kiɗa da yawa, Martin ya kafa CF Martin & Kamfanin a 1833 ƙarshe ya buɗe babban wurin samarwa a Nazarat, Pennsylvania.
A lokacin da yake shugaban kasa CF Martin & Kamfanin, Ya kafa ma'auni a cikin masana'antar guitar da har yanzu akwai a yau kamar kammala da X takalmin gyaran kafa Hanyar ƙarfafa gita da saita matsayi mafi girma don fasaha da ƙira idan ya zo ga yin guitar. CF Martin kuma ya siffata wasu nau'ikan salon sauti-lantarki na asali waɗanda ke ba 'yan wasa damar buƙatun tonal daban-daban ko kuma buƙatu na rayuwa waɗanda zaɓuɓɓukan yanzu suna nan tare da ƙirar gita ɗaya wanda ke ba da dacewa da ba a taɓa gani ba kafin wannan zamanin a tarihin guitar.
A cikin rayuwarsa, CF Martin ya samar da kayayyaki daban-daban sama da 1700 akan duka kirtani shida da kirtani 12 da kuma kayan kida na iyali irin su mandolins da ukuleles duk an lura da su ta kyakkyawan ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar su kuma galibi mafi kyawun sauti idan aka kwatanta da sauran. masana'antu na zamaninsa saboda wani bangare na kulawar Martin ga daki-daki lokacin samar da waɗannan sassan abubuwan gita: allunan yatsa, sifofin gada & girma, Siffofin wuyan ban mamaki & zurfin jiki yana ginawa taimaka musu su zama ƙarin kayan aikin jiki saboda waɗannan mafita na ƙira waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa yau suna yiwa CFMartin alama a cikin almara na Amurka wanda ya ƙarfafa yawancin lutheries na zamani.
Gadon da CF Martin ya bari har yanzu 'yan wasa da yawa suna girmamawa a yau inda mutum zai iya shiga kowane kantin sayar da kiɗa ko ma bincika kan layi don ɗayan nau'ikan / bambance-bambancen da ke ci gaba da sunan sa musamman a duk tsawon rayuwarsu. Jerin Dreadnought (James Taylor/Tony Rice Model) Jerin masu sana'a (OM - 18, OM -28) D-15M, D16RGTE duk an gina su a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi don ingancin da wannan babban ƙwararren mai sana'a ya saita wanda aka gudanar da gaskiya har zuwa yau yana ba mu duka tare da sauƙin samun damar fuskantar abin da ya sa CFMartin ya zama abin tarihi a cikin waɗannan shekaru 200 da suka gabata.
Ni Joost Nusselder, wanda ya kafa Neaera kuma ɗan kasuwan abun ciki, uba, kuma ina son gwada sabbin kayan aiki tare da guitar a zuciyar sha'awara, kuma tare da ƙungiyara, Ina ƙirƙirar labaran labarai masu zurfi tun daga 2020. don taimakawa masu karatu masu aminci tare da rikodi da tukwici na guitar.
