Isinyathelo Sonke, eyaziwa nangokuthi a ithoni, isikhawu sesibili ngobukhulu esitholakala emculweni. Ingama-semitones amabili, noma isigamu-zinyathelo, ububanzi futhi iqukethe amanothi amabili e-diatonic isikali. Lesi sikhawu sitholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomculo futhi sibalulekile ekuqondeni nasekudaleni imiculo.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge Isinyathelo Esiphelele nazo zonke izici zayo ezihlobene.
Incazelo Yesinyathelo Esiphelele
Isinyathelo sonke, eyaziwa nangokuthi a 'inothi lonke' or 'isibili esikhulu', isikhawu somculo esidalwe ngamanothi amabili ancikene angama-semitone amabili (aka izinyathelo eziyingxenye) ngaphandle. Kuyibanga elikhulu kakhulu ongalihambisa kupiyano ngokhiye owodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ucindezele ukhiye ohlukile ukuze uqhubekele kunoma iyiphi indlela.
Ngokwezilinganiso ezivamile, lapho ukhuphuka, lesi sikhawu singachaza ukusuka kunothi lokuqala ukuya egameni lohlamvu lwesibili kunoma yisiphi isikali esinikeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, a Isinyathelo sonke esisuka ku-F sizoba ngu-G. Lapho wehla wawungachaza ukusuka kwelinye inothi uye kwelinye ngaphansi kwalo ngokwezinhlamvu ngesilinganiso - ukusuka ku-C ukuya ku-B kuzothathwa njengesinyathelo esiphelele sokuya phansi. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zikhawu zizoba namagama ezinhlamvu ezifanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikhuphuka noma zehla ngaphi kodwa zingahluka kuye ngokubekwa ngengozi nokunyakaza kwechromatic ngaphakathi komongo wokuqhubeka kwezingoma ezithile noma izikali ezisetshenziswa emculweni odlalwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi. umzuzu.
Ngokwamagama, ngokuvamile lesi sikhawu sibhalwa njengesinye amachashazi amabili emi eceleni or ichashaza elilodwa elikhulu ezihlanganisa womabili lawa magama ezinhlamvu - zisho into efanayo ncamashi emculweni futhi zishintsha kuphela ngobuhle njengendlela elula yezinjongo zokufunda ukubona kanye/noma izintandokazi zesitayela zokuheha okubonakalayo lapho kukhulunywa ngemibhalo ebhaliwe ngesikhathi semizamo ethile yomculo efana nokuphindaphinda nokuphindaphinda, njll...
Kusho Ukuthini Kuthiyori Yomculo
Kuthiyori yomculo, a isinyathelo sonke kuyindlela yokukala iphimbo ngokulandelana. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi a iphimbo eligcwele, futhi empeleni iyinkathi yomculo elingana nama-semitones amabili. Ngamanye amazwi, isikhawu phakathi kwamanothi amabili ahlukaniswa ngokhiye ababili kukhibhodi noma ku-fretboard. Isinyathelo esiphelele singasetshenziselwa ukwakha izingoma namaculo, noma ukukhomba ukuqhubeka kwezingoma nokuqhubeka kwe-harmonic.
Ake sijule ekuqondeni izinyathelo eziphelele kuthiyori yomculo:
Isikhawu Sesinyathelo Esiphelele
Kuthiyori yomculo, a isinyathelo sonke isikhawu usayizi waso oyizinyathelo ezimbili eziyingxenye (noma amasemitone). Kuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi a umzuzwana omkhulu, ngoba lesi sikhawu sihambisana nobubanzi besekhondi esikalini esikhulu. Lolu hlobo lwesinyathelo lubizwa ngokuthi a uhlobo oluthius: iqukethe izikhiye ezimbili ezimnyama kupiyano.
Isinyathelo esiphelele singesinye sezikhawu ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala kumculo we-harmonic wasentshonalanga. Njengoba ububanzi buphindwe kabili kunesikhawu esincane esilandelayo, isinyathelo esiwuhhafu (noma isekhondi elincane), kubalulekile ukusisebenzisa ukuze udale ukuhambisana nemiculo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abaculi bakwazi ukubona ngisho nokucula lesi sikhawu ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwamaculo nezikali ngokushesha nangokunembile. Amanothi ayo ayenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke uma uzwa amanothi amabili ezindaweni ezahlukene lokhu kungase kubizwe ngokuthi “isikhathi"Noma"elinde".
Izikhawu ngokuvamile zichazwa ngokuya ngobudlelwano bakho obuncikile phakathi kwamanothi amabili ahlobene nomculo; okusho ukuthi uma uchaza isikhawu somculo njengesinyathelo sonke uyacabangela ukuthi amanothi womabili azwakala kanyekanye noma ahlukene. Isibonelo uma udlala inothi elilodwa kulandelwe elinye inothi elihlukaniswe ubude besikhathi obumele isinyathelo esigcwele lokhu kuzothathwa njenge ukukhuphuka (Okwengezayo) Isikhawu Sesinyathelo Sonke; lapho ukudlala amanothi amabili kanye kanye nokwandisa izikhawu zawo ngesinyathelo esisodwa esigcwele ukusuka ku-Pitch yawo yasekuqaleni kuzohlukaniswa njenge ukukhuphuka (Okuphindaphindayo) Isikhathi Esiphelele Sezinyathelo (okungukuthi 5 - 7th). Ngokufanayo bonke Ukwehla Izikhawu zesinyathelo Esiphelele izoziphatha ngendlela efanayo kodwa ngobudlelwano obuhlanekezelwe kubo bonke Enyukayo, ikhipha Isinyathelo Esigcwele Esisodwa esikhundleni Sokwengeza Okugcwele Okukodwa.
Isetshenziswa Kanjani Emculweni
Kuthiyori yomculo, a isinyathelo sonke (ithoni yonke, noma isekhondi elikhulu) iyisikhawu lapho kukhona ama-semitone amabili (ama-frets esigincini) phakathi kwamanothi. Isibonelo, uma udlala isiginci ama-frets ezintanjeni ezimbili ezilandelanayo azobhekwa njengesinyathelo sonke. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezihluthulelo ezimbili ezimnyama kupiyano - lezi nazo zibhekwa njengesinyathelo esiphelele.
Izinyathelo eziphelele zisetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene kuthiyori yomculo nasekuqanjweni. Ukuvumelana kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa izikhawu zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise izinyathelo eziyingxenye kanye nezinyathelo eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiculo ingakhiwa kusetshenziswa osayizi abahlukahlukene bezikhawu - njengokugxuma kwesikhombisa ku-Jazz Nomculo Wakudala noma izikhawu ezincane zezitayela ze-Pop/Retro.
Isibonelo, uma umuntu edala umculo esebenzisa izikhawu ezisukela ku- uhhafu wezinyathelo ukuya kweyesikhombisa; lokhu kungase kudale izigqi ezithakazelisayo nemiculo ehlanganisa kokubili izinguquko zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, ama-chords avame ukuthembela kakhulu ekukhulumeni kwawo ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kokubeka eyesithathu (enkulu noma encane), eyesihlanu neyesikhombisa eyakhiwe kusuka ku- izinyathelo eziphelele noma izinyathelo eziyingxenye ukuze udale inhlanganisela ye-harmonic ethakazelisayo izici ze-melodic ezifana amathoni e-pedal noma ama-chords amisiwe ingahlolwa ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuphela izikhawu zesinyathelo esiyingxenye phakathi kwamanothi ngaso sonke isikhathi; ukudala umuzwa okhulayo wokushuba ngaphansi komculo ngaphandle kokuchezukela kude kakhulu nomgomo wokugcina wokuzwana phakathi kwalezo zigaba ezithile.
Ngokuqonda ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuzulazula uzungeze izinsimbi zekhibhodi usebenzisa kuphela isinyathelo esiyingxenye kanye nesinyathelo sonke ukunyakaza ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokufundisa ezifana ukunyakaza okuncane - ukubala ama-frets phezulu / phansi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenkathi udlala, kuba lula kakhulu kubafundi ukuthi baqale ukuqamba izingcezu ezilula ezihambisana nezimiso eziye zasungulwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ukuqonda okugcwele ukuthi kanjani Isinyathelo esiyingxenye/izinyathelo zonke hlobanisa nezikali/izikhawu ezithile uma abafundi sebeyibambile le mibono eyisisekelo amandla abo okuhlola izinhlobo ezihlukene akhula kakhulu!
Izibonelo Zezinyathelo Eziphelele Emculweni
Isinyathelo sonke, owaziwa nangokuthi “iphimbo lonke,” isikhawu somculo esihlukene ngama-semitone amabili (isigamu sezinyathelo). Izinyathelo eziphelele ngokuvamile ziyingxenye ephawuleka kakhulu yomculo, njengoba zisho ushintsho emsindweni wonkana womculo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezibonelo ze izinyathelo zonke emculweni, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ziyini nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene.
Izibonelo Ezikalini Ezinkulu
Izinyathelo eziphelele izikhawu zomculo ezihlanganisa amanothi amabili alandelanayo, aqhubekela phambili ngamathoni amabili agcwele. Uma ulalele umculo, uzovame ukuwakhomba kuwo amaphethini wesilinganiso esikhulu. Isilinganiso esikhulu sakhiwe izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili eziphelele, ngaphandle kwaphakathi kwamanothi esithathu nesine kanye naphakathi kwamanothi esikhombisa nesishiyagalombili - lapho, uzothola izinyathelo eziyingxenye. Izinyathelo eziphelele zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zomculo ezihlukahlukene njengomculo wakudala, i-jazz, ne-rock and roll.
Indlela elula yokuqonda izinyathelo eziphelele iwukudlala isikali esikhulu kupiyano noma isiginci - ukuqala nganoma iyiphi inothi kuphethini yesikali sika-C Major. Ngokwesibonelo:
- inothi lokuqala C (isinyathelo sonke ku-D)
- D (isinyathelo sonke ukuya ku-E)
- E (isinyathelo sonke ku-F)
- F (uhhafu wesinyathelo ukuya ku-G)
- G(isinyathelo sonke esiya ku-A)
- A(i-stepto yonke B)
- B(isigamu ukuya ku-C).
Ukwakheka okuwumphumela kwaziwa ngokuthi i- ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso esikhulu - ukulwela ukuthola amathoni aphezulu kumanothi ayi-8 alandelanayo. Umqondo ofanayo ungasetshenziswa kusetshenziswa amasiginesha abalulekile afanayo izikali ezincane - khumbula nje ukuthi inothi ngalinye lesibili kufanele liqhubekele phezulu ngethoni eyodwa egcwele aka eyodwa isinyathelo sonke!
Izibonelo Ezikalini Ezincane
Emculweni, a isinyathelo sonke (owaziwa nangokuthi i- umzuzwana omkhulu) kuchazwa njengesikhawu samathoni amabili alandelanayo. Lesi sikhawu siyisakhiwo sezinga lesisekelo sezinhlobo eziningana zomculo, okuhlanganisa nezikali ezincane. Amanothi esikalini esincane axhumeka ukuze akhe isinyathelo sonke lapho inothi elilodwa likhuphuka amathoni amabili esikalini esikhundleni selilodwa.
Ukulandelana kwezinyathelo eziphelele nezinyathelo eziyingxenye kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikali esincane kuveza umsindo wayo oyingqayizivele, kodwa zonke izikali ezivame ukusetshenziswa zihlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbili eziphelele kanye nezinyathelo ezimbili eziyingxenye phakathi kwazo. Ukubonisa lo mqondo ngokucacile, nazi izibonelo zezikali ezincane ezivamile ezibonisa indlela isikhawu esibonakala ngayo ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zomculo:
- Isikali Esincane Semvelo: I-ABCDEFGA – Kulokhu, kunamapheya amabili ezinyathelo eziphelele ezilandelanayo ngenhla kuka-A akha isikali esincane semvelo; kulandela u-A ukuya ku-B no-D ukuya ku-E.
- I-Harmonic Minor Scale: I-ABCDEFG#A - Isikali esincane se-harmonic sihlanganisa izinyathelo eziphelele ezintathu ezilandelanayo esigabeni esisodwa; ukumboza F kuya ku-G# ngqo ngaphambi kokufinyelela ithoni yokugcina engu-A.
- I-Melodic Minor Scale: AB-(C)-D-(E)-F-(G)-A – Lolu hlobo lwesikali esincane luhlanganisa kuphela amapheya amabili aphelele ezinyathelo eziphelele phakathi kwamaphoyinti aso okuqala nawokugcina; iqhubekela phambili isuka ku-B iye ku-C ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-E bese kuba ngu-G ngaphambi kokuphetha ngenothi layo elithi “ikhaya” elithi A. Ukwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho isuka endaweni eya phezulu, womabili amathoni u-C no-E akhuphuka ngelinye nje. isinyathelo esiyingxenye esikhundleni sephimbo eligcwele ngezinjongo zomculo esikhundleni.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ukuqonda izinyathelo eziphelele (noma amathoni aphelele) kuyingxenye ebalulekile yethiyori yomculo eyingcweti. Izinyathelo eziphelele zikusiza ukuthi udale izikhawu ze-melodic ezinkulu futhi zingakusiza ukuthi wakhe ukuqhubekela phambili kwamaculo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwazi okuyisisekelo kwezinyathelo eziphelele kungakusiza ukuthi uqambe, udlale, futhi uhlele umculo ngempumelelo.
Isifinyezo Sesinyathelo Esiphelele Emculweni
Isinyathelo sonke, eyaziwa nangokuthi a umzuzwana omkhulu, ingesinye sezikhawu zomculo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazifunda. Emculweni waseNtshonalanga, lesi sikhawu saziwa njenge-semitone futhi sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izingoma nokuvumelana. Isinyathelo sonke singachazwa njengebanga eliphakathi kwamanothi amabili kukhibhodi yepiyano ahlukene ngezinyathelo ezimbili. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ubeka umunwe wakho ku-C ophakathi bese uwuhambisa phezulu kwabanye okhiye ababili abamnyama ngokuphimisela, kuzothathwa njengesinyathelo sonke.
Ukubaluleka kwaso sonke isinyathelo kusekhonweni laso lokudala ukunyakaza kwe-harmonic phakathi kokhiye abahlukene noma ama-chords. Lesi sikhawu siqukethe izimfanelo ezicebile zethoni futhi sikhiqiza amavesi omculo aqinile lapho esetshenziswa kahle. Uma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izikhawu ezifana uhhafu wezinyathelo nesithathu, abaculi bangakha ama-motif ayingqayizivele noma ngisho nezingoma eziphelele besebenzisa inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezikali namaculo.
Izinyathelo eziphelele nazo zibalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi kanjani ukuguqulwa isebenza ngethiyori yomculo - umqondo wokuthi noma iyiphi inothi noma iculo elinikeziwe kunoma iyiphi isignesha yokhiye ingahanjiswa isinyathelo esisodwa esigcwele phezulu noma phansi ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhwalithi yayo eyinhloko noma umsindo. Ukuqonda ukuthi usibona kanjani lesi sikhawu ngeke nje kukusize ukuthi uqonde ithiyori yomculo kangcono kodwa kuzokwenza kube lula kuwena uma kuziwa ekudlaleni nasekubhaleni umculo.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
