Yini uhf? Kungenzeka ukuthi wake wakuzwa ngaphambili futhi wazibuza ukuthi kuyini.
I-Ultra high frequency (UHF) igama le-ITU le amaza omsakazo ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-300 MHz no-3 I-GHz, eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhendi ye-decimetre njengamaza amaza asuka kudecimetres eyodwa kuya kweyishumi. Amaza omsakazo anamaza angaphezu kwebhendi ye-UHF awela ku-SHF (ifrikhwensi ephezulu kakhulu) noma ibanga lefrikhwensi ye-microwave. Izimpawu zefrikhwensi ephansi ziwela ku-VHF (imvamisa ephezulu kakhulu) noma amabhendi aphansi. Amaza omsakazo we-UHF asakaza ikakhulukazi ngomugqa wokubona; bavinjwe amagquma nezakhiwo ezinkulu nakuba ukudluliswa ngokusebenzisa izindonga isakhiwo kuphakeme ngokwanele ukwamukela endlini. Asetshenziselwa ukusakaza kumabonakude, amafoni angenazintambo, ama-walkie-talkies, izinsiza zomsakazo womuntu siqu ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, omakhalekhukhwini nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. I-IEEE ichaza ibhendi ye-radar ye-UHF njengamafrikhwensi phakathi kuka-300 MHz no-1 GHz. Amanye amabhendi amabili e-radar e-IEEE adlula ibhendi ye-ITU UHF: ibhendi ye-L ephakathi kuka-1 no-2 GHz kanye nebhendi ye-S phakathi kuka-2 no-4 GHz.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ukuthi iyini i-uhf, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale!
Izimpawu Zokusabalalisa ze-UHF Radio Waves
Izici zokusabalalisa zibhekisela endleleni amaza omsakazo ahamba ngayo emoyeni futhi axhumane nendawo ezungezile. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ekuklameni nasekusebenzeni wireless izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngempumelelo.
Ahamba kanjani ama-UHF Waves?
Amaza e-UHF, njengawo wonke amaza omsakazo, ahamba emoyeni ngesivinini sokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani namaza e-HF aphansi, amagagasi e-UHF awaboniswa i-ionosphere futhi ngenxa yalokho anqunyelwe ekuxhumaneni komugqa wokubona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagagasi e-UHF angahamba ngomugqa oqondile kuphela futhi avinjwe izithiyo ezifana nezakhiwo, amagquma, nezihlahla.
Amandla kanye Nezici Zevolumu
Amagagasi e-UHF anamandla amancane nevolumu uma kuqhathaniswa namaza aphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasiginali e-UHF awakwazi ukungena ezithiyoni futhi asengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivaysi angenawaya asebenza kubhande lefrikhwensi efanayo.
Ukushanela Isiteshi kanye Nezimpawu Zemvamisa
Amagagasi e-UHF anokushanela kwesiteshi okuncane nezici zokuvama. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziteshi ze-UHF zincane futhi zingasekela kuphela umkhawulokudonsa omncane. Ngenxa yalokho, amasistimu okuxhumana okungenantambo e-UHF ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana komuntu siqu nokwabelwana, okufana nama-walkie-talkies, imibhobho engenantambo, namadivayisi okulawula kude.
I-Antennas
Ama-antenna amadivaysi avumela ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali. Asetshenziselwa ukuphatha amasignali amabanga amade, ngamabhilidi, naseduze kwezithiyo. Ama-antenna asebenza ngokuguqula amasignali kagesi abe amaza kagesi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Izimpawu zihanjiswa emoyeni, futhi uthi luyawemukela noma luwadlulise.
Izinhlobo zama-Antenna
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpondo ezitholakalayo emakethe, futhi ngayinye yakhelwe injongo ethile. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-antenna yilezi:
- Ama-Omnidirectional Antennas: Lawa ma-antenna adlulisa futhi amukele amasignali kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukusakaza amasignali kamabonakude nomsakazo.
- Ama-Antenna Aqondisayo: Lawa ma-antenna adlulisa futhi amukele amasignali ngendlela ethile. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kweselula nasezilungiselelweni lapho kudingeka khona isignali enamandla.
- I-Dipole Antennas: Lawa ma-antenna alula futhi kulula ukuwamisa. Zivame ukutholakala ekusetheni kwesayensi kwezinga elincane futhi zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali ebangeni elifushane.
- I-Dish Antennas: Lawa ma-antenna asebenzisa i-parabolic reflector ukwandisa inzuzo yothi. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi nasezilungiselelweni lapho kudingeka khona isignali enamandla.
I-UHF vs. VHF Antenna
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinti ze-UHF ne-VHF kuncike ebuningini besiginali kanye nobubanzi obudingekayo. Ama-antenna e-UHF anobude begagasi obufushane futhi afaneleka kangcono ukuphatha amasiginali emabangeni amafushane. Ama-antenna e-VHF anobude obude futhi afaneleka kangcono ukuthwala amasignali amabanga amade.
Izinto Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kwe-Antenna
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingathinta ukusebenza kwe-antenna, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukuphakama kwe-antenna: I-antenna ephakeme izovumela ukwamukela nokudluliswa kwesignali okungcono.
- I-engeli ye-antenna: I-engeli ye-antenna ingathinta ithuba lokuphazamiseka kanye nekhwalithi yesiginali.
- Ukuzwela kwe-antenna: I-antenna ezwela kakhulu izovumela ukwamukela isignali engcono.
- Amandla esiginali: Isiginali enamandla kakhulu izonika amandla ukudluliswa kwesiginali okungcono.
- Umugqa wokubona: Uthi lwezimpondo ludinga umugqa ocacile wokubona embhoshongweni odlulisayo noma owamukelayo.
- Isilungiselelo: I-antenna idinga ukusethwa endaweni efanele ukuze inike amandla ukudluliswa kwesignali ecacile nokwamukela.
- Okuqukethwe kwamanzi emoyeni: Amanzi angaphazamisa isignali futhi anciphise ikhwalithi yesiginali.
I-Antenna Gain ne-dB
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna isilinganiso sokwanda kwamandla esignali ehlinzekwa yi-antenna. Ikalwa ngama-decibel (dB). I-antenna yenzuzo ephezulu izonikeza isignali engcono kune-antenna yenzuzo ephansi.
Izindlela ze-Simplex ne-Duplex
Imodi ye-Simplex iyindlela yokuxhumana lapho isignali idluliselwa futhi yamukelwe ngefrikhwensi efanayo. Imodi ye-Duplex iyindlela yokuxhumana lapho isignali idluliselwa futhi yamukelwa kumafrikhwensi ahlukene.
Ama-Antenna aphindaphindayo
Ama-antenna aphindayo asetshenziselwa ukunweba ububanzi besiginali. Bathola isignali ebuthakathaka futhi bayidlulisele kabusha ngamandla aphezulu ukuze banwebe ububanzi besiginali.
Izicelo
I-UHF isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwe-VHF. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-UHF kwezokuxhumana yilezi:
- Ukuphepha Komphakathi: I-UHF isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nokuphepha komphakathi, okuhlanganisa amaphoyisa, abezicishamlilo, kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. I-UHF ivumela ukuxhumana kwebanga elifushane, okulungele izindawo zasemadolobheni lapho izakhiwo zingavimbela amasignali. Amasistimu omsakazo we-trunked avame ukusetshenziswa ukuvumela ama-ejensi amaningi ukuthi abelane ngamashaneli amafrikhwensi afanayo.
- Omakhalekhukhwini: Amaza e-UHF asetshenziswa kumaselula, okuhlanganisa namanethiwekhi e-GSM kanye ne-UMTS. Lawa manethiwekhi avumela ukudluliswa kwezwi nedatha, kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezifana nokuthumela imiyalezo nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.
- Amanethiwekhi Angenantambo: I-UHF isetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi angenawaya, okuhlanganisa i-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth. Lawa manethiwekhi avumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhumeke ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo noma izintambo.
- Ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi: I-UHF isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, okuhlanganisa i-GPS nezingcingo zesathelayithi. Lezi zisetshenziswa zivumela ukuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude lapho izindlela zokuxhumana zendabuko zingase zingatholakali.
Ukusakazwa
I-UHF isetshenziswa nasekusakazeni, okuhlanganisa ithelevishini nomsakazo. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-UHF kwezokusakaza yilezi:
- Umabonakude: I-UHF isetshenziselwa ukusakaza kumabonakude wedijithali, okuvumela izinga eliphezulu namashaneli amaningi kunokusakaza kwe-analogi. I-UHF iphinde isetshenziselwe ukusakazwa kwe-high-definition television (HDTV).
- Umsakazo: I-UHF isetshenziselwa umsakazo we-amateur, obuye ubizwe ngokuthi umsakazo we-ham. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwabaqhubi bemisakazo abayimfundamakhwela abasebenzisa amaza e-UHF. I-UHF iphinde isetshenziselwe amafoni angenazintambo kanye nezingcingo ze-DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications).
Ezempi kanye Nohulumeni
I-UHF isetshenziswa amasosha kanye nohulumeni ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuxhumana okusekelwe emhlabeni: I-UHF isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana okusekelwe emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zamasosha nama-ejensi kahulumeni.
- I-radar nokulandela umkhondo: I-UHF isetshenziswa kuma-radar nasezinhlelweni zokulandela umkhondo, okuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe be-stealth.
- Ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi: I-UHF isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi ngamasosha nohulumeni.
Okunye Izicelo
I-UHF inezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
- Imisakazo yomuntu siqu: I-UHF isetshenziswa kumisakazo yomuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa i-walkie-talkies kanye nemisakazo yezindlela ezimbili. Lawa madivayisi avame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yangaphandle efana nokukhempa nokuhamba ngezinyawo.
- Amadivayisi ekhompyutha: I-UHF isetshenziswa kumadivayisi ekhompyutha, okuhlanganisa omaka be-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) kanye namadivayisi we-NFC (Near Field Communication).
- Ama-Antenna: Izinti ze-UHF zisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amasiginali we-UHF. Lawa ma-antenna atholakala ngosayizi nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izimpondo zesiteshi eziphathwayo neziyisisekelo.
- Ukwabiwa kabusha kwe-Spectrum: Amafrikhwensi e-UHF ayabiwa kabusha ukuze kufezwe isidingo se-spectrum eyengeziwe yezinsizakalo ezingenantambo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwehla kwesidingo samafrikhwensi okusakaza e-UHF kanye nokusetshenziswa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-UHF kumasevisi we-broadband engenantambo.
I-UHF ne-VHF: Ubani Oyisebenzisayo?
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene kokuthi ubani osebenzisa amaza e-UHF ne-VHF, ake siqonde ngokushesha ukuthi ayini. I-UHF imele i-Ultra High Frequency, kanti i-VHF imele i-Very High Frequency. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ububanzi befrikhwensi abasebenza kuyo. Imisakazo ye-UHF isebenza kububanzi obungu-400-512 MHz, kuyilapho imisakazo ye-VHF isebenza kububanzi obungu-136-174 MHz. Ububanzi befrikhwensi buthinta ububanzi besignali namandla okungena emisakazo.
Ubani Osebenzisa Imisakazo ye-UHF?
- Abasebenzi bokwakha: Imisakazo ye-UHF ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokwakha ngenxa yekhono layo lokungena ngezakhiwo nezakhiwo. Zinhle futhi ekuxhumaneni ezindaweni ezinomsindo.
- Izimboni: Imisakazo ye-UHF isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezokukhiqiza, ezokuthutha, nezokuthutha. Zilungele ukuxhumana endaweni enkulu futhi zenzelwe ukumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo.
- Izinsiza zomphakathi: Imisakazo ye-UHF ivamise ukusetshenziswa izinsiza zomphakathi ezifana namaphoyisa, abezicishamlilo, nezinkonzo zezempilo eziphuthumayo. Banikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha nobumfihlo kunemisakazo ye-VHF.
- Izinsizakalo zezentengiselwano: Imisakazo ye-UHF nayo isetshenziswa izinsizakalo zezentengiso njengezitolo nezindawo zokudlela. Zihlangene futhi kulula ukuzithwala, zizenze zilungele ukuxhumana endaweni encane.
Yikuphi Okufanele Ukhethe?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhetha phakathi kwemisakazo ye-UHF ne-VHF, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele:
- Ibanga lesiginali: Imisakazo ye-UHF inikela ngebanga elifushane kodwa ikhono lokungena elingcono, kuyilapho imisakazo ye-VHF inikeza ububanzi obude kodwa ingase ibe nobunzima bokungena ngezakhiwo nezakhiwo.
- Impilo yebhethri: Amarediyo e-UHF ngokuvamile adinga usayizi webhethri omncane futhi anikeza impilo yebhethri ende kunemisakazo ye-VHF.
- Inani: Imisakazo ye-UHF ivamise ukubiza kakhulu kunemisakazo ye-VHF ngenxa yobubanzi nokwakhiwa kwamafrikhwensi aphezulu.
- Izidingo ezithile: Ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile, ungathola ukuthi uhlobo olulodwa lomsakazo lukulungele kangcono kunolunye.
Ekugcineni, ukukhetha phakathi kwemisakazo ye-UHF ne-VHF kuncike ohlotsheni lomsebenzi owenzayo kanye nezindawo osebenza kuzo. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kungakusiza wenze isinqumo unolwazi lapho uthenga umsakazo.
Ukukhetha Phakathi kwe-VHF ne-UHF Frequencies
- Amafrikhwensi e-VHF ahlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa obanzi, okusho ukuthi angadlulisela idatha eyengeziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Amafrikhwensi e-VHF afaneleka kangcono ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle futhi asebenze amabanga amade.
- Amafrikhwensi e-VHF athambekele kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kwamanye amadivaysi.
- Imisakazo ye-VHF ivamise ukunikeza amasignali ekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ifaneleka kangcono ukusebenza ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke usunayo, i-uhf imele i-Ultra High Frequency futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nomsakazo. Kuhle kakhulu ekuxhumaneni komuntu siqu nokwabelwana ngakho, kodwa akukuhle kakhulu kumasiginali webanga elide. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, akhona amanye amafrikhwensi alokho. Ngakho, manje uyazi!
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
