I-Solid-state electronics yilawo masekhethi noma izisetshenziswa ezakhiwe ngokuphelele ngezinto eziqinile futhi lapho ama-electron, noma ezinye izithwali zokushaja, zivalelwe ngaphakathi kwento eqinile.
Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ukuze liqhathanise nobuchwepheshe bangaphambili bamashubhu evacuum negesi akhipha igesi futhi liyinto evamile ukungafaki izinto ezisetshenziswa ngogesi (ama-relay, amaswishi, ama-hard drive kanye nezinye izinto ezinezingxenye ezihambayo) egameni elithi isimo esiqinile.
Nakuba isimo esiqinile singabandakanya okuqinile kwekristale, i-polycrystalline kanye ne-amorphous futhi kubhekisele kumakhondakta kagesi, izivikeli mzimba nama-semiconductors, impahla yokwakha ivamise ukuba yi-crystalline semiconductor.
Imishini evamile yesimo esiqinile ihlanganisa ama-transistors, ama-microprocessor chips, ne-RAM.
Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-RAM olubizwa nge-flash RAM lusetshenziswa kuma-flash drives futhi, muva nje, amadrayivu esimo esiqinile ukuze athathele indawo yamadrayivu ehard drive ayizibuthe azungezayo.
Inani elikhulu lesenzo sikagesi kanye ne-quantum-mechanical senzeka ngaphakathi ocingweni.
Le nkulumo yanda ngeminyaka yawo-1950s kanye nawo-1960, ngesikhathi soshintsho lusuka kubuchwepheshe beshubhu ye-vacuum ukuya ku-semiconductor diode nama-transistors.
Muva nje, i-integrated circuit (IC), i-light-emitting diode (LED), kanye ne-liquid-crystal display (LCD) kuguquke njengezinye izibonelo zamadivayisi esimo esiqinile.
Engxenyeni yesimo esiqinile, umthamo wamanje uvalelwe ezintweni eziqinile nezinhlanganisela eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ukuze ziwushintshe futhi ziwukhulise.
Ukugeleza kwamanje kungaqondwa ngezindlela ezimbili: njengama-electron ashajwa kabi, kanye nokushoda kwama-electron ashajwa kahle abizwa ngokuthi izimbobo.
Isisetshenziswa sokuqala sesimo esiqinile kwakuyisitshina “sentshebe yekati”, esasetshenziswa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1930 izamukeli zomsakazo.
Intambo efana nentshebe ibekwa kancane ithintane nekristalu eqinile (njenge-germanium crystal) ukuze kutholwe isignali yomsakazo ngomthelela we-junction yokuxhumana.
Idivayisi ye-solid-state yazifikela yona ngokusungulwa kwe-transistor ngo-1947.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
