Ukuqonda isigaba somsindo kubalulekile ekuxubeni nasekulawuleni umculo.
Isigaba somsindo sinqunywa isikhathi sawo ngokuphathelene neminye imisindo, futhi sithinta indlela umsindo ozwakala ngayo lapho imisindo eminingi izwakala ndawonye.
Lesi singeniso sizohlinzeka ngokubukezwa komqondo wesigaba nokuthi singasetshenziswa kanjani emsindweni ukuze kwakhiwe imiphumela ehlukene.
Incazelo yesigaba
Ekukhiqizweni komsindo nasekurekhodeni, isigaba siwubudlelwane besikhathi esihlukahlukayo esikhona phakathi kwemisindo yemithombo ehlukene. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuchaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamagagasi amabili endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. Lapho sixoxa ngesigaba sokuqala, ngokuvamile sicabanga ngokubeka imakrofoni nezinkinga zezigaba; kodwa-ke, kungabhekwana nayo kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho imithombo eminingi yomsindo ihlanganiswa endaweni efanayo okuhlanganisa ukuqoshwa kwamathrekhi amaningi kanye nokuxuba bukhoma kokusebenza komculo noma ukuqinisa umsindo.
Ubudlelwano besigaba buhilela amadigri esikhathi esihlobene, okusho ukuthi uma umthombo unamathiselwe ohlangothini olulodwa futhi omunye unamathiselwe kolunye uhlangothi, enye i-angular offset engu-180-degree ngesikhathi nayo iyasebenza phakathi kwakho. Lokhu kuphumela ekukhanselweni (noma ekuncipheni) kwamaza noma umphumela wokucindezela ngokweqile (“ukwakha”) lapho amaza athuthukiswa khona. Ukuze unqume ukuthi amasignali amabili asebenzisana kanjani ngokuphathelene nalo mphumela kufanele ahlaziywe kugrafu (a imvamisa impendulo ijika). Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziya lusiza ekuboneni ukuthi amasiginali amabili ahlangana kanjani nokuthi ahlangana kanjani ngokwengeza (engezwe ndawonye) noma ngendlela eyakhayo (ngesigaba) - ngayinye inikela ngezinga layo eliyingqayizivele noma idale ukukhansela noma amazinga engeziwe kuye nge-engeli ehlobene nomunye nomunye (ngaphandle- kwesigaba). Igama elithi “isigaba” liphinde lisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile uma kudingidwa amasu e-miking eminingi njengoba lichaza ukuthi ama-MIC asebenzisana kanjani futhi axhumene namasu okubeka imakrofoni njengokulungiswa kwe-X/Y.
Izinhlobo zesigaba
Isigaba sesignali yomsindo sibhekisela ebudlelwaneni besikhathi phakathi kwamasignali amabili noma ngaphezulu. Uma amaza omsindo amabili esesigabeni, abelana nge-amplitude efanayo, imvamisa nobude besikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziqongo nemikhombe yegagasi ngalinye kwenzeka endaweni kanye nesikhathi esifanayo.
Isigaba singachazwa ngokwamadigri, ngo-360° amele umjikelezo owodwa ophelele we-waveform. Isibonelo, isignali enesigaba esingu-180° kuthiwa "iphelele" kuyilapho eyodwa enesigaba esingu-90° izoba "uhhafu wokuphuma" wesigaba ukusuka kusimo sayo sangempela. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zobudlelwano besigaba:
-In-Phase: 180 °; womabili amasignali ahamba aye ohlangothini olulodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa
-Ingxenye Engaphandle Kwesigaba: 90 °; womabili amasignali asahamba aye ohlangothini olufanayo ngezikhathi ezihlukene
-Ngaphandle Kwesigaba: 0°; isignali eyodwa iya phambili kanti enye iya emuva ngesikhathi esifanayo ncamashi
-Ikota Engaphandle Kwesigaba: 45°; isignali eyodwa iya phambili kuyilapho enye iya emuva kodwa iphuma kancane ekuvumelaniseni.
Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezihlukene zomsebenzi wesigaba zisiza kanjani onjiniyela ukuthi bakhe amamiksi namarekhodi amaningi, njengoba bengagcizelela imisindo ethile ukuze bakhe imiphumela ethokozisayo ye-sonic noma amaleveli ebhalansi kuyo yonke imiksi.
Indlela Isigaba Esiwuthinta Ngayo Umsindo
Isigaba umqondo emsindweni ongasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umsindo uzwakala kanjani. Kungengeza ukucaca nencazelo, noma kungadala udaka nodaka. Ukuqonda umqondo wesigaba kungakusiza ukuthi udale imiksi yemisindo engcono. Ake sibheke ukuthi isigaba siwuthinta kanjani umsindo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile lapho ukhiqiza umsindo.
Isigaba Ukukhansela
Ukukhanselwa kwesigaba kwenzeka lapho amagagasi omsindo ehlangana namanye okwenza ukuthi ukuphakama komsindo ohlanganisiwe kukhanselwe futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kunyamalale ngokuphelele. Kwenzeka lapho amaza omsindo amabili (noma ngaphezulu) efrikhwensi efanayo ephuma esigabeni amanye futhi ama-amplitude awo aphazamisa ngendlela ehlobene kabi.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma igagasi elilodwa lisezingeni eliphezulu kanti elinye liphansi kakhulu lizodala ukukhansela, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwevolumu. Lokhu kungabangelwa amamakrofoni amabili noma ngaphezulu abekwe eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye futhi acoshe imisindo efanayo noma ngenxa yokubekwa kwensimbi ngaphakathi kwegumbi - isibonelo isiginci esima ngqo eduze kwe-amp yaso kokubili. pickups kuvulwe.
Kuyenzeka futhi lapho izipikha ezimbili ezibekwe eduze ndawonye zidlala isiginali efanayo kodwa ngeyodwa ehlanekezelwe (ngaphandle kwesigaba). Uma sikhuluma, kusafanele izwakale ngoba akuwona wonke amafrikhwensi azothinteka kodwa izinguquko ezingeni zingenza kube nzima ukulithola. Uma sikhuluma nje, lapho ungeza izipikha eziningi ndawonye ungase uzwe izinga elithile lokukhansela kuye ngokuthi zibekwe kuphi - ikakhulukazi uma zisondelene.
Lo mphumela unokubaluleka ekurekhodeni nalapho ungasisiza khona sithuthukise ukubekwa kwemakrofoni ngokusivumela ukuthi sizwe kahle ukuthi imiphi imisindo ekhanseliwe lapho ukuncika okuthile kwenzeka - njengamamakrofoni afanayo athwebula umthombo womsindo ofanayo kodwa ngama-engeli ahlukene.
Isigaba Shifting
Uma imithombo yomsindo emibili noma ngaphezulu ihlanganiswa (ixutshiwe) izosebenzisana ngokwemvelo, ngezinye izikhathi ithuthukise futhi ngezinye izikhathi iqhudelane nomsindo wangempela. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukushintshwa kwesigaba noma ukukhansela.
Ukushintsha kwesigaba kwenzeka lapho isignali eyodwa ibambezeleka ngesikhathi, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni okwakhayo noma okulimazayo. Ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo kwenzeka lapho amasignali ehlangana ukuze akhulise amaza athile okuholela esignali eqinile iyonke. Ngokuphambene, ukuphazamiseka okulimazayo kwenzeka lapho amasiginali amabili engekho esigabeni abangela amaza athile ukuthi akhansele ngaphandle okuholela kumsindo othule uwonke.
Ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka okulimazayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi okungenzeka phakathi kwemithombo yomsindo futhi ulungise ngokufanele. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokurekhoda womabili amathrekhi omsindo ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa, kusetshenziswa isihlanganisi ukuthumela ikhophi yesiginali isuka emthonjeni othile iqonde komunye umthombo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okuncane, noma ukwethula ukubambezeleka okuncane kuthrekhi eyodwa kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa umphumela oyifunayo. .
Ngokungeziwe ekuvimbeleni ukukhansela ukuphuma kwamafrikhwensi, ukuhlanganisa amathrekhi omsindo nakho kuvumela imiphumela ethile ethokozisayo njengokuthwebula kwe-stereo ngokunweba uhlangothi olulodwa kwesokunxele nakwesokudla kanye nokuhlunga kwekama lapho imisindo ephezulu nephansi iphuma ezindaweni ezihlukene endaweni kunokuba ihlanganiswe ndawonye. kulo lonke igumbi elinikeziwe noma indawo yokurekhoda. Ukuhlola ngale mininingwane ecashile kungakha amamiksi anamandla futhi ahehayo agqama kunoma yimuphi umongo we-sonic!
Ukuhlunga Ikamu
Ukuhlunga kwekama kwenzeka lapho amaza omsindo amabili afanayo exutshwa ndawonye enye yamafrikhwensi ibambezeleka kancane. Lokhu kukhiqiza umthelela onqamula amafrikhwensi athile futhi uqinise amanye, okuholela kumaphethini okuphazamisa angaba kokubili okuzwakalayo nokubonakalayo. Uma ubheka i-waveform, uzobona amaphethini aphindayo abonakala enomumo ofana nekama.
Uma lolu hlobo lomthelela lusetshenziswa emsindweni, lenza ezinye izindawo zizwakale zilufifi futhi zingaphili kuyilapho ezinye izigaba zibonakala zinomsindo ngokweqile. Ibanga lefrikhwensi "ikamu" ngalinye lizoncika esikhathini sokulibaziseka esisetshenziswa phakathi kokulandelela/ukuxutshwa kwamasignali kanye nokuhlela/imvamisa uma uqopha/uxutshwa amathuluzi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhlunga ikamu ukungalungi kahle kwesigaba (lapho isethi eyodwa yemisindo ingaphandle kwesigaba nenye) noma izinkinga ze-acoustic zemvelo ezifana nokuboniswa okuvela ezindongeni, ophahleni, noma phansi. Ingathinta noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesignali yomsindo (izwi, isiginci noma izigubhu) kodwa ibonakala ikakhulukazi kumathrekhi ezwi kuma-studio okurekhoda lapho izinkinga ezingaphandle kwesigaba zivamile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ezinembile. Ukuze uqede ukusefa kwekama kufanele ulungise ukungalungi kahle kwesigaba noma eminye imiphumela yezemvelo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezizwakalayo/imiklamo ezindaweni zokuqopha kanye nokuhlola ukuqondana kwesigaba ezigabeni zokuxuba ezingeni ngalinye lethrekhi kanye nezinga eliphezulu ngokulandelana.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Isigaba Ekurekhodeni
Isigaba siwumqondo obalulekile okufanele uwuqonde lapho uqopha umsindo. Ichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamasiginali omsindo amabili noma ngaphezulu nokuthi asebenzisana kanjani. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobunjiniyela bomsindo njengoba buthinta umsindo wokurekhodiwe ngezindlela eziningi. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa isigaba ekurekhodeni kungakusiza ukuthi udale ukuxutshwa komsindo ochwepheshe. Ake sixoxe ngezisekelo zesigaba nokuthi siyithinta kanjani inqubo yokuqopha.
Ukusebenzisa i-Phase Shifting
Ukushintsha kwesigaba ukuguqulwa kobudlelwano besikhathi phakathi kwamagagasi amabili. Kuyithuluzi eliwusizo lapho uxuba futhi uqopha imisindo ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule izinga lokuphumayo, ibhalansi yefrikhwensi, kanye nokuthwebula izithombe emkhiqizweni womsindo. Ngokushintsha kwesigaba, ungaphinda uguqule umbala wethoni womsindo ngokushintsha okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-harmonic nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe okurekhodiwe okufunayo.
Ukushintsha isigaba kwenza lokhu ngokwelula noma ukucindezela amafrikhwensi ahlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene kumaza omsindo ukuze kwakhe umphumela wokuhlunga. Lo mphumela wokuhlunga ulawulwa ngokulungisa umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kwamashaneli angakwesokunxele nakwesokudla wesignali eyodwa. Ngokubambezela enye yalezo ziteshi kancane, ungakha iphethini yokuphazamiseka enemiphumela ethokozisayo kumpendulo yemvamisa nokuthwebula kwe-stereo komsindo.
Isibonelo, uma ubeka i-mono pad (ingxenye yekhibhodi) phambi kwesiginci se-acoustic futhi uzithumele zombili eziteshini zazo ezihlukene ku-interface yakho yomsindo, zizohlangana ngokwemvelo kodwa zibe esigabeni ngokuphelele - okusho ukuthi izohlanganisa ndawonye ngokulinganayo lapho izwakala kuzo zombili izipikha noma ama-headphone. Kodwa-ke, uma ubungase wethule ukushintsha kwesigaba esinegethivu esingu-180 esiteshini esisodwa (ubambezele esinye isiteshi kafushane), lawa maza azokhansela ngaphandle; lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokudala ukudala ukungafani nezinhlobo ezimbili zamathuluzi okungenzeka angqubuzane ngokuvumelana uma kurekhodwa kanyekanye. Ukwengeza, noma imaphi amaza okungenzeka awabambi umsindo owufunayo angancishiswa ngaleli cebo kanye/noma ukuhayiza okungafunwa - inqobo nje uma udlala ngobudlelwano besigaba ngokucophelela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenza ngesigaba kudinga ukulungiswa kwebhalansi okuntekenteke kakhulu njengoba nokungaqondani kahle okuncane kuzoba nemiphumela ejulile ngokuya ngebhalansi yefrikhwensi kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ekurekhodweni - kodwa inqobo nje uma kwenziwa kahle, kungase futhi kuphumele ekuthuthukisweni kwamaphimbo angakaze abonwe. okungafinyeleleka ngaphambili.
Ukusebenzisa Ukukhansela Isigaba
Ukukhanselwa kwesigaba kuchaza inqubo yokwengeza amasignali amabili ndawonye anefrikhwensi efanayo, i-amplitude kanye nomumo wamagagasi kodwa ahlukene nge-polarity. Uma amasignali alolu hlobo ehlangana ndawonye, anethuba lokukhanselana lapho ama-amplitude awo elingana. Lokhu kuziboleka kahle ezimweni zokurekhoda njengoba kungasetshenziswa ukuthulisa nokuhlukanisa imisindo ngaphakathi kwethrekhi kuyilapho kuvumela izinsimbi ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo ukuthi zihlale kahle ekuhlanganisweni.
Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ukukhansela isigaba ngobuciko njengomphumela kusiginali ngenkathi urekhoda noma uxuba. Isibonelo, uma uhlanganisa amamakrofoni amabili noma ngaphezulu emthonjeni owodwa bese uvala phakathi nendawo ngokulungisa izinga lesignali elihlobene lemakrofoni eyodwa, ungadala izinguquko eziguqukayo emsindweni ngokukhansela amaza athile ngamasignali aphikisayo e-polarity ezindaweni ezithile. ngesikhathi sokudlala. Lokhu kungadala umthelela wanoma yini kusukela ekuxubeni komsindo obanzi kuye emsindweni ogxilile kuye ngokuthi uyibeka kuphi imakrofoni yakho nokuthi ungenisa i-polarity engakanani ochungechungeni lwabo lwesignali.
Ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kwezinsimbi nabo buzodlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokurekhoda. Ngokuqondanisa wonke amathrekhi ensimbi yakho kwelinye ngokwemibandela yesigaba/i-polarity, iqinisekisa ukuthi njengoba i-elementi ngayinye idlula enqubweni yayo yokubunjwa kabusha komuntu ngamunye (ukucindezela, i-EQ), ngeke kube khona noma yimaphi ama-artifact azwakalayo adalwe ngenxa yokukhansela okungalindelekile phakathi izici ezirekhodiwe lapho zihlangana ndawonye. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amathrekhi akho anokuqondana kwesigaba esifanele ngaphambi kokuwashaya phansi kubalulekile uma ufuna amamiksi ahlanzekile anokulungiswa okuncane kwe-EQ okudingekayo kamuva.
Ukusebenzisa I-Comb Filtering
Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zesigaba sokurekhoda yaziwa ngokuthi "ukuhlunga ikamu," uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwesikhashana okungadala ukuzwakala kwemisindo engenalutho phakathi kwamathrekhi amaningi noma amasiginali yemakrofoni.
Lo mphumela uba lapho umsindo ofanayo urekhodwa kusetshenziswa imibhobho emibili noma ngaphezulu noma izindlela zesignali. Inguqulo ebambezelekile yethrekhi izoba ngaphandle kwesigaba ngengoma yokuqala, okuzoholela ekuphazamisekeni kweCancelational (okubizwa nangokuthi “phasing”) uma lawa mathrekhi amabili ehlanganiswa. Lokhu kugxambukela kubangela amafrikhwensi athile ukuthi abonakale phezulu kunezinye, okudala isitayela esiyingqayizivele se-eq yefrikhwensi kanye nemibala kusiginali.
Ukusebenzisa ukuhlunga kwekamu ukuze kufake imibala kumasignali omsindo ngamabomu kuwumkhuba ovamile ekurekhodeni izilungiselelo zesitudiyo. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa lapho unjiniyela edinga ukungeza ithoni ehlukile entweni yomculo, ingxenye yezwi noma i-elementi exubile njengesenzo 'esifaka umbala'. Ukuthola lo msindo ohlukile kudinga ukushintshwa ngokucophelela kwemakrofoni nebhalansi yesiginali kanye nokubambezeleka okuhlanganiswe namasiginali omile angaphekiwe adelela amasu okulinganisa endabuko asekelwe ekukhuphuleni/kusike imvamisa emile kumathrekhi/amashaneli angawodwana.
Nakuba kudinga ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okucatshangelwe kahle kanye nokwenza ngekhono, lolu hlobo lokulinganisa lungasiza ukuletha impilo nomlingiswa emsindweni i-EQ yendabuko evame ukungakwazi ukuyinikeza. Ngokuqonda kangcono ukuthi isigaba sisebenza kanjani, uzobe usendleleni yokuba uchwepheshe 'wombala'!
Isiphetho
Isigaba sidlala indima ebalulekile kubunjiniyela bomsindo nasekukhiqizeni. Kusukela ekulungiseni isikhathi sengoma eyodwa ukuze ilingane kahle nenye ukuya ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amazwi nesigingci zigqama kanjani kungxubevange, ukuqonda ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani ngempumelelo kungangeza inani elimangalisayo lokucaca, ububanzi nokuthungwa kwezingxube zakho.
Kafushane, isigaba simayelana nesikhathi kanye nendlela umsindo wakho ohlangana ngayo neminye imisindo uma amaphuzu awo okuqala ecishiwe ukusuka kwelinye ngaphansi kwe-millisecond. Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi njengokwengeza ukubambezeleka noma isaga; ngezinye izikhathi kunenzuzo ukulungisa isikhathi samathrekhi ahlukene kunokuba nje ithoni yawo noma amaleveli. Lokhu kusho ukucabangela okwenzekayo phakathi kwezikhulumi, futhi! Uma usuqonda ukuthi isigaba sisebenza kanjani futhi wenze lowo mzamo owengeziwe wokukulungisa amathrekhi akho azoqala ukuzwakala kahle ngokushesha.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
