Ngaphezulu imibhobho yilezo ezisetshenziswa ekurekhodweni komsindo nasekukhiqizeni kabusha umsindo obukhoma ukuze kucocwe imisindo ezungezile, edlulayo kanye nengxubevange yezinsimbi. Zisetshenziswa ekurekhodweni kwezigubhu ukuze kuzuzwe a isithombe se-stereo yekhithi yesigubhu esigcwele, kanye nokuqoshwa kwe-orchestra ukuze udale ukuqoshwa kwe-stereo okulinganiselayo kwama-orchestra agcwele noma i-choir.
Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi iyini imakrofoni engaphezulu nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Futhi, amanye amathiphu ekukhetheni ekufanele.
Ukuqonda Amakrofoni Aphezulu: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
Imakrofoni engaphezulu uhlobo lombhobho obekwe ngaphezu kwezinsimbi noma abadlali ukuze bathwebule umsindo usuka kude. Kuyigiya elibalulekile lokurekhoda nokuqinisa umsindo obukhoma, ikakhulukazi amakhithi ezigubhu, amakhwaya, nama-orchestra.
Iluphi Uhlobo Lwemakrofoni Ephezulu Okufanele Uyikhethe?
Lapho ukhetha imakrofoni engaphezulu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezilandelayo:
- Ibhajethi: Amamakrofoni aphezulu asukela kokuthengekayo kuye kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu abiza izinkulungwane zamaRandi.
- Uhlobo: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakrofoni angaphezulu, okuhlanganisa i-condenser namakrofoni ashukumisayo.
- Igumbi: Cabangela usayizi nama-acoustics egumbi lapho uzobe uqopha noma uqopha khona.
- Insimbi: Amanye ama-microphone aphezulu afaneleka kangcono kumathuluzi athile.
- Ukwenza ifilimu noma umsindo obukhoma: Imakrofoni yangaphandle yamakhamera, ama-drones, namakhamera e-DSLR ahlukile kulawo asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa umsindo obukhoma.
Izibonelo Zemibhobho Ehamba Phambili Enhle Kakhulu
Eminye yemibhobho ehamba phambili ehamba phambili etholakala emakethe ifaka:
- I-Audio-Technica AT4053B
- Shure KSM137/SL
- I-AKG Pro Audio C414 XLII
- I-Sennheiser e614
- I-Neumann KM 184
Ukuma Kwemakrofoni Ngaphezulu
Amamakrofoni angaphezulu ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yikuphi ukusethwa kwekhithi yesigubhu. Ukuma kwala makrofoni kubalulekile ekuthwebuleni ibhalansi efanele yomsindo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zekhithi yesigubhu. Kulesi sigaba, sizoxoxa ngezindlela nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukubeka imakrofoni ngaphezulu.
Ibanga kanye Nokubekwa
Ibanga nokubekwa kwamakrofoni angaphezulu kungathinta kakhulu umsindo wekhithi yesigubhu. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa onjiniyela:
- I-Spaced Pair: Amamakrofoni amabili abekwe ngokulingana ukusuka kusigubhu sogibe, abheke phansi abheke kwikhithi.
- Ibhangqa Yezinto Ezizenzekelayo: Amamakrofoni amabili abekwe eduze ndawonye, ane-engeli engu-90 degrees, futhi abheke phansi abheke kukhithi.
- Indlela Yokuqopha: Amamakrofoni amabili abekwe ngenhla kwekhithi, imakrofoni eyodwa igxile phezu kwesigubhu sogibe futhi enye imakrofoni ibekwe emuva kakhulu, phezu kwekhanda lomshayi wesigubhu.
- Indlela ye-Glyn Johns: Imakrofoni emine ibekwe eduze kwekhithi yesigubhu, namakhanda amabili abekwe ngaphezulu kwamasimbali kanye namakrofoni amabili engeziwe abekwe eduze naphansi, aqondiswe kusicupho kanye nesigubhu se-bass.
Izintandokazi Zomuntu Namasu
Ukubekwa kwamakrofoni angaphezulu kuvame ukusekelwe kulokho okuthandwa umuntu nomsindo othile unjiniyela azama ukuwufinyelela. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezengeziwe onjiniyela abangazisebenzisa:
- Ukudonsa noma ukusunduza imakrofoni eduze noma kude kude nekhithi ukuze ulungise ibhalansi yomsindo.
- Iqondise amamakrofoni ezingxenyeni ezithile zekhithi, njengogibe noma izigubhu ze-tom.
- Kusetshenziswa imibhobho eqondisayo ukuze ithwebule isithombe se-stereo esibanzi noma esigxile kakhulu.
- Ukumisa imakrofoni ngamaqoqo, afana nokuhlelwa kwe-Decca Tree noma ukusetha kwe-orchestral, ikakhulukazi imiphumela yefilimu.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemakrofoni Okungaphezulu
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumakrofoni aphezulu izigubhu zokuqopha. Kubekwe ngenhla kwekhithi yesigubhu, amamakrofoni angaphezulu athwebula wonke umsindo wekhithi, anikeze ukulandwa okubanzi nokunembile komsindo. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi insimbi ngayinye ilinganisela kahle ekuxubeni. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile ayinketho engcono kakhulu yalolu hlobo lokurekhoda, njengoba anikeza ububanzi befrikhwensi ebanzi kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo enhle kakhulu. Amanye amabhrendi adumile okufanele acatshangelwe lapho uthenga amamakrofoni aphezulu ukuze urekhode izigubhu afaka i-Rode, i-Shure, ne-Audio-Technica.
Ukurekhoda Izinsimbi ze-Acoustic
Amamakrofoni angaphezulu nawo ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukurekhoda izinsimbi zomculo we-acoustic njengeziginci, amapiyano, nezintambo. Ibekwe ngenhla kwethuluzi, lawa makrofoni avumela ukulandwa kwemvelo nokunwetshiwe komsindo, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi iyonke yokurekhodwa. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile ayinketho engcono kakhulu yalolu hlobo lokurekhoda futhi, njengoba anikezela ngebanga elibanzi lokuvama nokulandwa okunembile komsindo. Amanye amabhrendi adumile okufanele acatshangelwe lapho uthenga amamakrofoni aphezulu wokurekhoda kwensimbi ye-acoustic ahlanganisa i-Rode, i-Shure, ne-Audio-Technica.
Live Sound Reinforcement
Amamakrofoni angaphezulu angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni umsindo obukhoma. Zibekwe ngaphezu kwesiteji, zingathwebula wonke umsindo webhendi noma iqoqo, zinikeze ukuthwebula okubanzi nokunembile komsindo. Amamakrofoni anamandla ngokuvamile ayinketho engcono kakhulu yalolu hlobo lohlelo lokusebenza, njengoba adizayinelwe ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu okucindezela komsindo futhi awazweli kakhulu kumsindo ongafuneki. Amanye amabhrendi adumile okufanele acatshangelwe lapho uthenga amamakrofoni aphezulu ukuze ugcizelele umsindo obukhoma afaka i-Shure, i-Audio-Technica, ne-Sennheiser.
Ukukhiqizwa kwevidiyo
Amamakrofoni angaphezulu angasetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwevidiyo ukuze athwebule umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu wengxoxo neminye imisindo. Zibekwe esigxotsheni se-boom noma isitendi, zingabekwa ngaphezu kwabadlali noma izihloko ukuze zinikeze ukulandwa okucacile nokunembile komsindo. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile ayisinqumo esingcono kakhulu salolu hlobo lohlelo lokusebenza, njengoba anikeza ububanzi befrikhwensi ebanzi kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo enhle kakhulu. Amanye amabhrendi adumile okufanele acatshangelwe lapho uthenga imakrofoni ephezulu yokukhiqizwa kwamavidiyo afaka i-Rode, i-Audio-Technica, ne-Sennheiser.
Ukukhetha I-Mic Ephezulu Elungile
Lapho ukhetha imakrofoni ephezulu, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lombhobho, usayizi nesabelomali semakrofoni, kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke lapho uthenga imakrofoni ephezulu zifaka:
- Ububanzi befrikhwensi ebanzi
- Ukulandwa okunembile komsindo
- Umsindo ophansi
- Izinketho zokubeka ezihlukahlukene
- Inani lentengo elingabizi
Eminye imikhiqizo edumile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho uthenga imakrofoni ephezulu ifaka i-Rode, i-Shure, i-Audio-Technica, ne-Sennheiser. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho futhi ufunde izibuyekezo ezivela kwabanye abantu ukuze uthole imakrofoni ehamba phambili yezidingo zakho ezithile.
Izinhlobo zamakrofoni aphezulu
Amamakrofoni e-Condenser aziwa ngokuzwela nokunemba kwawo, okuwenza abe yinketho enhle yokuthwebula imininingwane nokunotha kwezinsimbi ze-acoustic. Afika ngemiklamo ehlukene futhi afaka amaphethini wokuthwebula ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-cardioid, i-omnidirectional, ne-figure-XNUMX. Amanye ama-mics angcono kakhulu we-condenser wokuqoshwa okuphezulu afaka:
- I-Rode NT5: Le sethi ethengekayo ye-condenser mics efanisiwe inikeza impendulo yefrikhwensi ebanzi kanye nesihlungi esishintshayo se-high-pass ukunciphisa umsindo ongafuneki we-low-frequency. Zifaneleka kakhulu kuma-drum overheads, ama-guitar amps, nama-solo performance.
- I-Shure SM81: Le makrofoni ye-condenser yodumo yaziwa ngemininingwane yayo engavamile nokucaca, okuyenza ibe yinketho yokukhetha ukuqoshwa kwe-studio nokudlalwa bukhoma. Ifaka iphethini yokuthatha i-cardioid kanye nokushintshwa kwe-low-frequency roll-off ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomsindo iyonke.
- I-Audio-Technica AT4053B: Le makrofoni ye-condenser eguquguqukayo ihlanganisa amaphilisi amathathu ashintshashintshayo (i-cardioid, i-omnidirectional, ne-hypercardioid) ukuze ivumele amaphethini okuthwebula ahlukene kanye nemiphumela yokuba seduze. Kuhle kakhulu ekuthwebuleni amazwi, izigubhu, nezinsimbi ezizwakalayo ngokunemba nangokulula.
Imakrofoni Anamandla
Amamakrofoni anamandla aziwa ngokuqina kwawo kanye nokuthengeka kwawo, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile yamakhonsathi abukhoma nokwenyuka kwezigubhu. Azwela kakhulu kunemakrofoni ye-condenser, kodwa angakwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu omsindo ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela. Amanye ama-mics ashukumisayo angcono kakhulu wokuqoshwa okuphezulu afaka:
- I-Shure SM57: Le makrofoni eyisakhiwo sodumo eguqukayo yaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo nokuqina, iyenze ibe yisisekelo kunoma iyiphi ikhithi yamathuluzi yanoma yimuphi umculi. Kuhle kakhulu ekuthwebuleni umsindo wama-amp wesiginci, izigubhu, nezinye izinsimbi ezinokusebenza okungaguquki nokuthembekile.
- I-Sennheiser e604: Le makrofoni eguqukayo ehlangene yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukugqama kwesigubhu, ngedizayini yokuvula isiqeshana evumela ukuma kalula kanye nephethini yokuthwebula yenhliziyo ehlukanisa umsindo wesigubhu kwezinye izinsimbi. Inikeza inani elikhulu lemali futhi ingasetshenziselwa amakhonsathi abukhoma nokuqoshwa kwe-studio.
- I-AKG Pro Audio C636: Le makrofoni eguqukayo yesiphetho esiphezulu ifaka idizayini ehlukile evumela ukwenqatshwa kwempendulo okukhethekile kanye nempendulo ebanzi. Kuhle kakhulu ekuthwebuleni ama-nuances wamazwi nezinsimbi zomculo we-acoustic ngomsindo onothile futhi onemininingwane.
Ukukhetha Imakrofoni Engcono Kakhulu Yesigubhu
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imibhobho ehamba phambili yesigubhu esiphezulu, udinga ukucabangela isabelomali sakho nezidingo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zamamakrofoni aphezulu atholakalayo emakethe, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo. Ezinye zibiza kakhulu kunezinye, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi uzimisele ukusebenzisa malini ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Qonda Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zamamakrofoni Aphezulu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakrofoni aphezulu: i-condenser ne-dynamic. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser azwela kakhulu futhi anikeza umsindo wemvelo kakhudlwana, kuyilapho amamakrofoni ashukumisayo azwela kancane futhi angcono ekuphatheni amazinga aphezulu okucindezela komsindo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamakrofoni ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
Cabangela Ibhrendi nezibuyekezo
Uma ukhetha imakrofoni engaphezulu kwesigubhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo futhi ufunde izibuyekezo ezivela kwabanye abasebenzisi. Eminye imikhiqizo ibhekwa kabanzi njengehamba phambili embonini, kanti eminye ingase inikeze inani elingcono lentengo. Ukufunda ukubuyekezwa kungakunikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi umbhobho othile usebenza kanjani ezimeni ezahlukene.
Bheka Ukusebenza Okuhlaba umxhwele kanye Nokwakha
Uma ukhetha imakrofoni engaphezulu kwesigubhu, ufuna ukubheka enikeza ukusebenza okumangazayo nokwakhiwa. Imakrofoni enhle kufanele ikwazi ukuthatha wonke ama-nuances wezinsimbi ezidlalwayo, futhi kufanele ibe nethoni ebushelelezi nemvelo. Ukwakhiwa kombhobho kufanele kuqine futhi kwakhiwe ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside.
Khetha Uhlobo Olulungile Lwemakrofoni Yohlobo Nesitayela Sakho
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomculo zidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakrofoni. Isibonelo, uma udlala umculo we-rock, ungase ufune imakrofoni enamandla kakhulu futhi ekwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu okucindezela komsindo. Uma udlala i-jazz noma umculo wakudala, ungase ufune imakrofoni engathathi hlangothi futhi ekwazi ukuthwebula ama-nuances acashile wezinsimbi ezidlalwayo.
Cabangela i-Phantom Power kanye ne-XLR Connections
Amamakrofoni amaningi angaphezulu adinga amandla e-phantom ukuze asebenze, okusho ukuthi adinga ukuxhunywa kusixhumi esihlanganisayo noma esibonakalayo somsindo esinganikeza la mandla. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi i-mixer yakho noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sinamandla e-phantom ngaphambi kokuthenga imakrofoni. Ukwengeza, amamakrofoni amaningi angaphezulu asebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-XLR, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo sakho noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sinokufakwa kwe-XLR.
Ungesabi Ukuzama Imakrofoni Ehlukile
Okokugcina, ungesabi ukuzama imibhobho ehlukene ukuze uthole leyo ekusebenzela kangcono. Wonke umshayi wezigubhu kanye nekhithi yesigubhu kuhlukile, ngakho-ke lokho okusebenza kumuntu oyedwa kungase kungasebenzi komunye. Kubalulekile ukuthola imakrofoni ehlangabezana nezidingo zakho ezithile futhi ezwakala kahle ngezinsimbi zakho.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, usunakho - konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana namakrofoni angaphezulu.
Ungawasebenzisa ukurekhoda izigubhu, amakhwaya, ama-orchestra, ngisho neziginci namapiyano. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekwenzeni amafilimu nasekukhiqizweni kwevidiyo ukuthwebula umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu wengxoxo. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukungena phezulu!
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
