UMarshall ungomunye wabaculi abadumile amp amabhrendi emhlabeni, aziwa ngama-amps anenzuzo ephezulu asetshenziswa amagama amakhulu ku-rock nensimbi. Ama-amplifiers abo nawo afunwa kakhulu ngabashayi besiginci kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Kwaqalaphi-ke konke?
IMarshall Amplification yinkampani yaseBrithani enama-amplifaya wesiginci phakathi kwaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, aziwa “nge-crunch” yawo, eyasungulwa ngu. UJim Marshall ngemuva kokuthi abadlali besiginci abanjengoPete Townshend bekhala ngokuthi izikhulisa-zwi zesiginci ezitholakalayo azinayo ivolumu. Benza futhi isipikha amakhabhinethi, futhi, sebethenge Izigubhu zaseNatali, izigubhu, nezibongo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenzeni ukuze lube yimpumelelo.
Indaba kaJim Marshall kanye nama-Amplifaers akhe
Lapho Kwaqala Khona
UJim Marshall wayenguthisha wezigubhu ophumelelayo, kodwa wayefuna ukwenza okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1962, wavula isitolo esincane eHanwell, eLondon, ethengisa izigubhu, amasimbali, nezinye izinto ezihlobene nezigubhu. Wafundisa nezigubhu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-amplifiers esiginci aziwa kakhulu kwakungama-amplifiers e-Fender abizayo angeniswe evela e-US. UJim wayefuna ukwenza enye indlela eshibhile, kodwa wayengenalo ulwazi lobunjiniyela bukagesi ukuze azenzele yena. Ngakho-ke, wacela usizo lomkhandi wesitolo sakhe, u-Ken Bran, kanye no-Dudley Craven, umfundi we-EMI.
Bobathathu banqume ukusebenzisa i-Fender Bassman amplifier njengemodeli. Ngemuva kwama-prototypes ambalwa, ekugcineni badale i-"Marshall Sound" kumfanekiso wabo wesithupha.
I-Marshall Amplifier Yazalwa
UJim Marshall wabe esenweba ibhizinisi lakhe, waqasha abaklami, waqala nokwenza izikhulisa-zwi zesiginci. Ama-amplifiers okuqala angama-23 eMarshall ayethandwa ngabashayi besiginci nabadlali be-bass, kanti amanye amakhasimende okuqala ahlanganisa uRitchie Blackmore, uBig Jim Sullivan, noPete Townshend.
Ama-amplifiers aseMarshall ayeshibhile kunama-Fender amplifiers, futhi ayenomsindo ohlukile. Basebenzise ama-valve e-ECC83 anenzuzo ephezulu kuyo yonke i-preamplifier, futhi babenesihlungi se-capacitor/resistor ngemva kokulawula ivolumu. Lokhu kunikeze i-amp inzuzo ethe xaxa futhi kwakhuphula amafrikhwensi ama-treble.
I-Marshall Sound Ilapha Ukuhlala
Ama-amplifiers kaJim Marshall aya ngokuya aduma, futhi abaculi abafana noJimi Hendrix, u-Eric Clapton, noFree bawasebenzisa kokubili estudiyo nasesiteji.
Ngo-1965, uMarshall wangena esivumelwaneni sokusabalalisa seminyaka engu-15 nenkampani yaseBrithani iRose-Morris. Lokhu kwamnikeza inhloko-dolobha yokwandisa imisebenzi yakhe yokukhiqiza, kodwa akuzange kube yinto enkulu ekugcineni.
Noma kunjalo, ama-amplifiers kaMarshall asephenduke amanye afunwa kakhulu futhi adumile embonini. Zisetshenziswe amagama amakhulu emculweni, futhi i-“Marshall Sound” isizohlala.
Uhambo Olumangalisayo lukaJim Marshall: Ukusuka Kwamathambo E-Tubercular kuya ku-Rock 'n' Roll Legend
I-Rags to Riches Tale
UJames Charles Marshall wazalwa ngeSonto ngo-1923 eKensington, eNgilandi. Ngeshwa, wazalwa enesifo esiwohlozayo esibizwa ngokuthi amathambo e-tubercular, okwenza amathambo akhe abe buthaka kangangokuthi ngisho nokuwa nje kwakungaphuka. Ngenxa yalokho, uJim wayeboshwe ngokhonkolo kusukela emaqakaleni kuya emakhwapheni kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu kuze kube yilapho eneminyaka eyishumi nambili nengxenye.
Kusukela ku-Tap Dancing kuya ekushayeni izigubhu
Ubaba kaJim, owayengumpetha wesibhakela, wayefuna ukusiza uJim aqinise imilenze yakhe ebuthakathaka. Ngakho, wambhalisa emakilasini okudansa. Babengazi, uJim wayenomuzwa omangalisayo wesigqi kanye nezwi elikhethekile lokucula. Ngenxa yalokho, wanikezwa isikhundla sokucula phambili eqenjini lomdanso elineziqephu ezingu-16 eneminyaka engu-14.
UJim uphinde wajabulela ukudlala nxazonke kukhithi yesigubhu yeqembu. Ubengumshayi wesigubhu ozifundisele yena, kodwa amakhono akhe ahlaba umxhwele amtholela amagigi njengomshayi wesigubhu oculayo. Ukuze athuthukise umdlalo wakhe, uJim wathatha izifundo ze-drum futhi ngokushesha waba omunye wabashayi besigubhu abahamba phambili e-England.
Ukufundisa Isizukulwane Esilandelayo Sama-Rockers
Amakhono kaJim okudlala izigubhu ayehlaba umxhwele kangangokuthi izingane ezincane zaqala ukumcela izifundo. Ngemva kwezicelo ezimbalwa ezibeleselayo, uJim wagcina evumile futhi waqala ukufundisa izifundo zogubhu endlini yakhe. Ngaphambi kokuthi azi, wayenabafundi abangu-65 ngesonto, kuhlanganise noMicky Waller (owaqhubeka nokudlala no-Little Richard noJeff Beck) noMitch Mitchell (othole udumo noJimi Hendrix).
UJim naye waqala ukudayisela abafundi bakhe izigubhu, ngakho wanquma ukuvula esakhe isitolo sokudayisa.
Ukubonga kukaJimi Hendrix ngoJim Marshall
UJimi Hendrix wayengomunye wabalandeli abakhulu bakaJim Marshall. Wake wathi:
- Enye into ngoMitch [Mitchell] ukuthi uyena owangazisa kuJim Marshall, owayengeyena nje uchwepheshe wezigubhu kodwa umfana owenza ama-amp esiginci angcono kakhulu noma yikuphi.
- Ukuhlangana noJim kwakungelula kimi. Kwakungeve kukhululeka ukukhuluma nomuntu owaziyo futhi owukhathalelayo umsindo. UJim wangilalela ngempela ngalolo suku futhi waphendula imibuzo eminingi.
- Ngiyawathanda ama-amps ami aseMarshall: Angilutho ngaphandle kwawo.
Umlando Wamamodeli Wakudala Wesikhulisi
I-Bluesbreaker
UMarshall wayemayelana nokonga imali, ngakho-ke baqala ukuthola izingxenye ezivela e-UK. Lokhu kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Dagnall kanye ne-Drake-made transformers kanye nokushintshela ku-valve ye-KT66 esikhundleni se-6L6 tube. Bengazi, lokhu bekuzonikeza ama-amplifiers abo izwi elinolaka, okusheshe kudonse ukunaka kwabadlali abafana no-Eric Clapton. U-Clapton ucele uMarshall ukuthi amenzele i-combo amplifier ene-tremolo engangena ebhuthini yemoto yakhe, kwase kuzalwa i-“Bluesbreaker” amp. Le amp, kanye ne-1960 yakhe u-Gibson Les Paul Standard ("Beano"), wanika uClapton iphimbo lakhe elidumile ku-albhamu kaJohn Mayall & the Bluesbreakers '1966, Bluesbreakers no-Eric Clapton.
I-Plexi kanye ne-Marshall Stack
UMarshall ukhiphe inguqulo engu-50-watt ye-100-watt Superlead eyaziwa nge-1987 Model. Kwathi ngo-1969, bashintsha idizayini bashintsha iphaneli ye-plexiglass bafaka iphaneli engaphambili yensimbi. Lo mklamo wadonsa ukunaka kukaPete Townshend noJohn Entwistle beThe Who. Babefuna ivolumu eyengeziwe, ngakho uMarshall waklama iamplifier yamavalvu yakudala engu-100-watt. Lo mklamo wawuhlanganisa:
- Ukuphinda kabili inani lama-valve okukhiphayo
- Ingeza i-transformer yamandla enkulu
- Ukwengeza i-transformer ephumayo eyengeziwe
Lo mklamo wabe usubekwa phezu kwekhabhinethi engu-8×12-intshi (okuthe kamuva yathathelwa indawo amakhabethe angama-4×12-intshi). Lokhu kudale isitaki sikaMarshall, isithombe esiyisakhiwo sodumo se-rock and roll.
Shintshela ku-EL34 Valves
I-valve ye-KT66 yayibiza kakhulu, ngakho u-Marshall washintshela kumavalvu esiteji samandla e-Mullard EL34 enziwe e-Europe. Lawa ma-valve anikeze uMarshall izwi elinolaka nakakhulu. Ngo-1966, uJimi Hendrix wayesesitolo sikaJim ezama ama-amplifiers neziginci. UJim Marshall wayelindele ukuthi u-Hendrix azame ukuthola okuthile mahhala, kodwa wamangala lapho u-Hendrix ethembisa ukuthenga ama-amplifiers ngentengo yokudayisa uma uJim emnikeza ukwesekwa kwawo emhlabeni jikelele. UJim Marshall wavuma, futhi izisebenzi zomgwaqo zikaHendrix zaqeqeshwa ekulungiseni nasekulungiseni izikhulisa-zwi zikaMarshall.
Ama-Marshall Amplifiers aphakathi nawo-1970 nawo-1980
Ama-JMPs
Ama-Marshall amps amaphakathi nawo-1970 nawo-1980 ayewuhlobo olusha lwezilo zethoni! Ukuze kwenziwe ukukhiqiza kube lula, bashintshile basuka ekuphatheni ngesandla baya kumabhodi e-printed-circuit-boards (PCBs). Lokhu kubangele umsindo ogqamile kakhulu futhi onolaka kunama-amps anamandla e-EL34 esikhathi esidlule.
Nakhu okufushane kwezinguquko ezenzeka ngo-1974:
- I-'mkII' yengezwe egameni elithi 'Super Lead' kuphaneli engemuva
- 'JMP' (“Jim Marshall Products”) yengezwe kwesokunxele seswishi yamandla kuphaneli engaphambili
- Wonke ama-amplifiers athengiswa e-US nase-Japan ashintshelwa ku-General Electric 6550 emangelengele kakhulu esikhundleni seshubhu yokukhipha i-EL34.
Ngo-1975, uMarshall wethula uchungechunge lwe-“Master Volume” (“MV”) nge-100W 2203, elandelwa yi-50W 2204 ngo-1976. Lona bekuwumzamo wokulawula izinga levolumu yezikhulisa-msindo ngenkathi ugcina amathoni okuhlanekezela aqhutshwa ngokweqile. igama elifanayo ne-Marshall brand.
JCM800
Uchungechunge lukaMarshall lwe-JCM800 lwaluyisinyathelo esilandelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-amps abo. Yakhiwe ngama-watts angu-2203 no-2204 (ama-watts angu-100 kanye nama-50 ngokulandelana) kanye nevolumu engeyona i-master lead yango-1959 neyo-1987.
I-JCM800s ibe nokulawula kwevolumu ekabili (inzuzo ye-preamplifier kanye nevolumu eyinhloko) eyayivumela abadlali ukuthi bathole umsindo we-'cranked Plexi' ngamavolumu aphansi. Lokhu kube yingqophamlando kubadlali abafana noRandy Rhoads, uZakk Wylde noSlash.
I-Silver Jubilee Series
I-1987 bekungunyaka omkhulu kuMarshall amps. Ukugubha iminyaka engu-25 ebhizinisini le-amp neminyaka engu-50 emculweni, bakhiphe uchungechunge lwe-Silver Jubilee. Yayihlanganisa i-2555 (ikhanda le-watt elingu-100), i-2550 (ikhanda lama-watt angu-50) nezinye izinombolo zemodeli engu-255x.
Ama-amps e-Jubilee ayesekelwe kakhulu kuma-JCM800s angaleso sikhathi, kodwa enezici ezimbalwa ezengeziwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukushintsha amandla ayingxenye
- Isembozo esiyisiliva
- I-faceplate ekhanyayo enombala wesiliva
- I-plaque yesikhumbuzo
- Idizayini “yesiteshi esihlukaniswe kancane”
Lawa ma-amps abeyintandokazi kubadlali abebefuna ukuthola ithoni yakudala ye-Marshall ngaphandle kokuthi banyuse ivolumu.
Amamodeli we-Marshall's Mid-80s kuya ku-90s
Umncintiswano ovela e-US
Maphakathi nawo-80s, uMarshall waqala ukubhekana nokuncintisana okunzima okuvela ezinkampanini ze-amplifier zaseMelika ezifana noMesa Boogie noSoldano. UMarshall uphendule ngokwethula amamodeli nezici ezintsha ebangeni le-JCM800, “njengokushintsha kwesiteshi” okuqhutshwa ngonyawo okuvumela abadlali ukuthi bashintshe phakathi kwamathoni ahlanzekile nahlanekezelwe ngokucindezela inkinobho.
Lawa ma-amplifier abe nenzuzo eyengeziwe ye-preamplifier kunanini ngaphambili ngenxa yokwethulwa kokugunda kwe-diode, okwengeze ukuhlanekezela okwengeziwe kumzila wesignali, okufana nokwengeza i-pedal yokuhlanekezela. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi i-JCM800s yesiteshi esihlukanisiwe ibe nenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi i-Marshall amps okwamanje, futhi abadlali abaningi bashaqekile ngokuhlanekezela okukhulu abakukhiqiza.
UMarshall Goes Solid-State
UMarshall uphinde waqala ukuhlola izikhulisa-msindo eziqinile, ezaziya ngokuba ngcono ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Lawa ma-amps e-solid state aye athandwa ngabashayi besiginci bezinga lokungena ababefuna ukudlala uhlobo olufanayo lwe-amp namaqhawe abo. Imodeli eyodwa ephumelele ngokukhethekile uchungechunge lwe-Lead 12/Reverb 12 combo, olunesigaba se-preamplifier esifana ne-JCM800 kanye nesigaba sokuphumayo esizwakala kamnandi.
U-Billy Gibbons we-ZZ Top waze wasebenzisa le-amp kwirekhodi!
Uchungechunge lwe-JCM900
Ngama-90s, uMarshall wakhipha uchungechunge lwe-JCM900. Lolu chungechunge lwamukelwe kahle abadlali abancane abahlobene ne-pop, rock, punk ne-grunge, futhi lubonise ukuhlanekezela okuningi kunangaphambili.
Ulayini we-JCM900 ube nokuhluka okuthathu:
- Amamodeli angu-4100 (100 watt) kanye nama-4500 (50 watt) "I-Dual Reverb", ayeyinzalo yomklamo we-JCM800 2210/2205 futhi afaka amashaneli amabili nokuhlanekezela kwe-diode.
- I-2100/2500 Mark IIIs, empeleni okwakuyi-JCM800 2203/2204s ene-diode clipping eyengeziwe kanye ne-loop yemiphumela.
- I-2100/2500 SL-X, ethathele indawo yokusika i-diode ku-Mk III yafaka enye i-valve ye-preamplifier engu-12AX7/ECC83.
U-Marshall uphinde wakhipha izikhulisa-msindo ezimbalwa “zohlobo olukhethekile” kulolu hlu, okuhlanganisa nemodeli ye-“Slash Signature”, eyayiphinde yakhishwa i-Silver Jubilee 2555 amplifier.
Ukuvula Imfihlakalo yezinombolo ze-Marshall Amp Serial
Iyini i-Marshall Amp?
I-Marshall amps iyinganekwane emhlabeni womculo. Bakhona kusukela ngo-1962, ngesikhathi beqala ukugcwalisa izinkundla ngomsindo wabo oyingqayizivele. Ama-Marshall amps afika ngazo zonke izinhlobo nosayizi, kusukela kumaphaneli e-Plexi akudala kuya kumakhanda esimanjemanje e-Dual Super Lead (DSL).
Ngiyibona Kanjani I-Marshall Amp Yami?
Ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi i-Marshall amp onayo kungaba yimfihlakalo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sikuphathele. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi:
- Bheka iphaneli elingemuva le-amp yakho ukuze uthole inombolo ye-serial. Kumamodeli enziwe phakathi kuka-1979 no-1981, uzothola inombolo ye-serial kuphaneli yangaphambili.
- Ama-Marshall amps asebenzise izikimu ezintathu zokubhala amakhodi eminyakeni edlule: eyodwa esekelwe osukwini, inyanga, nonyaka; enye isekelwe enyangeni, ngosuku, nonyaka; kanye nohlelo lwesitika olunamadijithi ayisishiyagalolunye olwaqala ngo-1997.
- Uhlamvu lokuqala lwezinhlamvu (eNgilandi, eShayina, eNdiya, noma eKorea) lukutshela ukuthi i-amp yakhiqizwa kuphi. Amadijithi amane alandelayo asetshenziswa ukukhomba unyaka wokukhiqiza. Amadijithi amabili alandelayo amele iviki lokukhiqiza le-amp.
- Amamodeli wesiginesha nezinhlelo ezikhawulelwe zingahluka kancane ezinombolweni ezijwayelekile ze-Marshall. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa ubunjalo bezingxenye ezifana namashubhu, izintambo, ama-transformer, nama-knob.
Isho ukuthini i-JCM ne-DSL kuMarshall Amps?
I-JCM imele uJames Charles Marshall, umsunguli wenkampani. I-DSL imele i-Dual Super Lead, eyikhanda leziteshi ezimbili ezineziteshi ezishintshayo ze-Classic Gain ne-Ultra Gain.
Ngakho-ke usunakho! Manje usuyazi ukuthi uyikhomba kanjani i-Marshall amp yakho nokuthi zonke lezo zinhlamvu nezinombolo zisho ukuthini. Ngalolu lwazi, ungazamazama ngokuzethemba!
UMarshall: Umlando Wokukhuliswa
Ama-Guitar Amplifiers
I-Marshall yinkampani esinesikhathi eside ikhona, futhi ibisenza ama-amp esiginci kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Noma okungenani kuzwakala kanjalo. Baziwa ngomsindo wabo wekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nethoni yabo ehlukile, okubenza babe yibo abashaya isiginci nabashaya ibhesi ngokufanayo. Noma ngabe udlala kuklabhu encane noma inkundla yezemidlalo enkulu, ama-Marshall amps angakusiza ukuthi uthole umsindo owufunayo.
Ama-Bass Amplifiers
Kungenzeka ukuthi uMarshall akenzi ama-bass amps njengamanje, kodwa bakwenzile esikhathini esidlule. Futhi uma ube nenhlanhla ngokwanele yokuthola izandla zakho koyedwa walaba buhle besikhathi esidlule, uzobe usuthole ubumnandi. Ngokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokuguquguquka, lawa ma-amps angasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezilungiselelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibukeka zipholile futhi.
Kulula Sebenzisa
I-Marshall amps kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, noma ngabe udlalela endlini noma ngaphandle. Futhi, anamandla ngokumangalisayo ngosayizi wawo. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna i-amp enhle engeke ithathe isikhala esiningi, uMarshall uyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
Isiphetho
Izikhulisa-zwi zikaMarshall sezihambe ibanga elide kusukela ekuqaleni kwazo ngo-1962. Uma kukhulunywa ngomsindo, ama-Marshall amps awesibili. Ngethoni yabo ecacile, bayinketho enhle kunoma yimuphi umculi ofuna ukuqamba ngomsindo wakhe.
Ngakho-ke, ungesabi UKUKHIPHA nge-Marshall futhi uzwe umsindo wenganekwane osetshenziswe ukuthandwa kukaJimi Hendrix, u-Eric Clapton, nabanye abaningi!
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
