Insimbi yomculo iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa abaculi ukwenza umculo. Kungaba lula njengenduku yokhuni esetshenziselwa ukushaya okuthile ukuze kuzwakale umsindo, noma kube nzima njengophiyano. Noma yini esetshenziselwa ukwenza umculo ingabizwa ngokuthi insimbi.
Emculweni, insimbi iyithuluzi lomculo elisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisindo yomculo. Izinsimbi zomculo zingadlalwa ngabaculi futhi izinsimbi zomculo zingadlalwa ngabaculi abaculayo noma amaqembu omculo. Igama elithi “insimbi yomculo” lingasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kuhlukaniseke phakathi kwento yangempela eyenza umsindo (isb, umtshingo) kanye nomculi oyidlalayo (isb., i-flautist).
Kulesi sihloko, ngizohlola ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini futhi ngabelane ngezibonelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi.
Zomculo
Incazelo
Insimbi yomculo yinoma iyiphi into esetshenziselwa ukwenza umculo omnandi! Noma ngabe igobolondo, isitshalo, noma umtshingo wethambo, uma ikwazi ukwenza umsindo, iyinsimbi yomculo.
Ukusebenza Okuyisisekelo
- Ukwenza umculo ngensimbi yomculo, kufanele uthole ukuxhumana! Shaya intambo, shaya isigubhu, noma vuthela uphondo - noma yini edingekayo ukuze wenze umculo omnandi.
- Awudingi ukuba ingcweti kwezomculo ukuze wenze umculo ngensimbi yomculo. Okudingayo wubuhlakani obuncane kanye nesifiso sokwenza umsindo!
- Izinsimbi zomculo ziza ngazo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu, futhi zingenziwa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto. Kusukela kumagobolondo kuya ezingxenyeni zokutshala, uma ikwazi ukwenza umsindo, ingaba insimbi yomculo!
- Ungakhathazeki uma ungawazi umqondo wesimanje “wokwenza umculo” – vele wenze umsindo futhi ujabule!
Ubufakazi Bemivubukulo Bezinsimbi Zomculo
Divje Babe Flute
Emuva ngo-1995, u-Ivan Turk wayengumvubukuli ovamile waseSlovenia, egxile ebhizinisini lakhe, lapho ethola ukuqoshwa kwethambo okwakuzoshintsha umhlaba unomphela. Lokhu kubaza amathambo, manje okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Divje Babe Flute, bekunezimbobo ezine ezingasetshenziswa ukudlala amanothi amane esikali se-diatonic. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi umtshingo wawuphakathi kweminyaka engu-43,400 no-67,000 ubudala, okuwenza ube insimbi yomculo endala kunazo zonke futhi okuwukuphela kwayo ehlotshaniswa namaNeanderthals. Abanye abavubukuli kanye ne-ethnomusicologists, noma kunjalo, abazange baqiniseke.
I-Mammoth kanye ne-Swan Bone Flutes
Abavubukuli baseJalimane abazange badlulwe ozakwabo baseSlovenia, ngakho-ke bahamba befuna izinsimbi zabo zomculo zakudala. Futhi babatholile! I-Mammoth bone kanye ne-swan bone imitshingo, ukuba ncamashi. Lezi zinsimbi zenziwa kusukela eminyakeni engu-30,000 kuya ku-37,000 ubudala, futhi zamukelwa kabanzi njengezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu ezaziwa.
Izingoma zase-Uri
Ngawo-1920, uLeonard Woolley wayemba emathuneni aseRoyal edolobheni lase-Uri laseSumeri, lapho ezithela phezu kwengcebo yezinsimbi zomculo. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa amahabhu ayisishiyagalolunye, amahabhu ase-Uri, amahabhu amabili, umtshingo ophindwe kabili wesiliva, isigubhu namasimbali. Bekukhona nesethi yamapayipi esiliva anomsindo womhlanga, okukholakala ukuthi yiwo owandulela umbhobho wesimanje. Zonke lezi zinsimbi zazibhalwe nge-carbon-date phakathi kuka-2600 no-2500 BC, ngakho-ke kuphephile ukusho ukuthi zazisetshenziswa eSumeria ngaleso sikhathi.
I-Bone Flutes e-China
Abavubukuli endaweni yaseJiahu enkabeni yesifundazwe saseHenan eChina bathola imitshingo eyenziwe ngamathambo okulinganiselwa ukuthi yayineminyaka engu-7,000 9,000 kuya kwengu-XNUMX XNUMX ubudala. Lawa ma-fluti ayengamanye amathuluzi omculo okuqala aphelele, adlalekayo, anesikhathi esiqinile, ane-multinote ake atholakala.
Umlando Omfishane Wezinsimbi Zomculo
Izikhathi Zasendulo
- Abantu basendulo babenobuqili obuhle uma kuziwa ekwenzeni umculo, besebenzisa ama-rattles, izitembu, nezigubhu ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe.
- Kwaze kwaba kamuva lapho bethola khona indlela yokwenza umculo ngezinsimbi, beqala ngamashubhu amabili okugxiviza anosayizi abahlukene.
- Ekugcineni, badlulela kumhlanga oyiribhoni, imitshingo namacilongo, ayebhalwe umsebenzi wawo kunokubukeka kwawo.
- Izigubhu zazibaluleke kakhulu emasikweni amaningi ase-Afrika, ezinye izizwe zazikholelwa ukuthi zingcwele kangangokuthi yi-sultan kuphela eyayikwazi ukuzibona.
Ezikhathini Zanamuhla
- Izazi zomculo nezazi zomculo ziye zazama ukuthola ukulandelana okuqondile kwezinsimbi zomculo, kodwa kuyibhizinisi elikhohlisayo.
- Ukuqhathanisa nokuhlela izinsimbi ezisekelwe enkingeni yazo kuyadukisa, njengoba ukuthuthuka kwezinsimbi zomculo ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwanciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi.
- Uku-oda amathuluzi ngokwendawo nakho akuthembeki, njengoba akukwazi njalo ukucaciswa ukuthi amasiko abelana nini futhi kanjani ulwazi.
- Imilando yesimanje yomculo incike kuma-archaeological artifact, imidwebo yobuciko, nezinkomba zemibhalo ukuze kunqunywe ukuhleleka kokuthuthukiswa kwezinsimbi zomculo.
Ukuhlukanisa Izinsimbi Zomculo
Isistimu ye-Hornbostel-Sachs
- Isistimu ye-Hornbostel-Sachs iwukuphela kwesistimu yokuhlukanisa esebenza kunoma iyiphi isiko futhi inikeza ukuhlukaniswa okungaba khona kuphela kwethuluzi ngalinye.
- Ihlukanisa amathuluzi ngamaqembu amane amakhulu:
- I-Idiophones: Izinsimbi ezikhiqiza umsindo ngokudlidliza umzimba oyinhloko wensimbi ngokwayo, njengama-clave, i-xylophone, i-guiro, i-slit drum, i-mbira, ne-rattle.
- Ama-Membranophones: Izinsimbi ezikhiqiza umsindo ngolwelwesi oludlidlizayo olululekile, njengezigubhu nama-kazoo.
- Ama-Chordophones: Izinsimbi ezikhiqiza umsindo ngokudlidliza intambo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, njengama-zither, izinsimbi neziginci.
- Ama-aerophone: Izinsimbi ezikhiqiza umsindo onekholomu yomoya edlidlizayo, njengezinsimbi zokubhodla kwezinkunzi, iziswebhu, imitshingo, iziqophamazwi nezinsimbi zomhlanga.
Amanye Amasistimu Wokuhlukanisa
- Isistimu yamaHindu yasendulo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Natya Shastra ihlukanise izinsimbi ngamaqembu amane amakhulu:
- Izinsimbi lapho umsindo ukhiqizwa khona ngezintambo ezidlidlizayo.
– Izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo ezinamakhanda esikhumba.
- Izinsimbi lapho umsindo ukhiqizwa ngamakholomu omoya adlidlizayo.
– “Okuqinile”, noma okungezona ezesikhumba, izinsimbi ezishaywayo.
- IYurophu yekhulu le-12 kaJohannes de Muris yahlukanisa izinsimbi zaba ngamaqembu amathathu:
– Tensibela (izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo).
- Inflatibilia (izinsimbi zomoya).
- I-Percussibilia (zonke izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo).
- UVictor-Charles Mahilon uguqule i-Natya Shastra futhi wabela amalebula esiGreki ezigabeni ezine:
- Ama-Chordophones (izinsimbi ezinezintambo).
- Ama-Membranophones (izinsimbi zomculo wesikhumba).
- Ama-aerophone (izinsimbi zomoya).
- Ama-autophone (amathuluzi angewona esikhumba).
Abadlali Bensimbi Yomculo
Yini i-Instrumentalist?
Umdlali wezinsimbi ngumuntu odlala insimbi yomculo. Lokhu kungaba ngumshayi wesiginci, oshaya upiyano, oshaya ibhesi, noma umshayi wezigubhu. Abaculi bezinsimbi bangahlangana ukuze bakhe ibhendi futhi benze izingoma ezimnandi!
Ukuphila Kwe-Instrumentalist
Ukuba umdlali wezinsimbi akuyona into elula. Nakhu ongakulindela:
- Uzochitha isikhathi esiningi uzilolonga. Amahora namahora wokuzilolonga!
- Ungase udlale amahora ambalwa kuphela ngosuku, kodwa uzobe uchitha isikhathi esiningi ulungiselela leyo midlalo.
- Kuzodingeka ube i-multi-instrumentalist uma ufuna ukuyenza ibe nkulu.
- Uzodinga ukulungele ukuhamba. Uzoya ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene ukuze udlale.
- Kuzodingeka uzilungiselele ukusebenza kanzima futhi uhlale ugxilile. Akuwona wonke ubumnandi nemidlalo!
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinsimbi Zomculo
Ukusetshenziswa Komlando
- Izinsimbi zomculo bezikhona kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, futhi bezisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene, njengokujabulisa izethameli zekhonsathi, imidanso ehambisanayo, amasiko, umsebenzi, kanye nemithi.
- ETestamenteni Elidala, kunezinkomba eziningi ezisetshenziswa ekukhulekeleni kwamaJuda, kwaze kwaba yilapho zikhishwa ngenxa yezizathu zemfundiso.
- AmaKristu okuqala empumalanga yeMedithera nawo ayesebenzisa izinsimbi ezinkonzweni zawo, kodwa abefundisi babengawathandi.
- Izinsimbi zisavinjelwe kwezinye izindawo, njengama-mosque amaSulumane, amasonto endabuko e-Eastern Orthodox, njll.
- Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo, izinsimbi zidlala indima ebalulekile emasikweni, njengasesikweni lamaBuddha, lapho izinsimbi nezigubhu zisetshenziswa emikhosini yenkolo.
Izakhiwo Zomlingo
- Amasiko amaningi akholelwa ezintweni eziyimilingo zezinsimbi.
- Isibonelo, i-shofar yamaJuda (uphondo lwenqama) isashaywa eRosh Hashana naseYom Kippur, futhi kuthiwa lapho uJoshuwa eshaya i-shofar izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ekuvinjezelweni kweJeriko, izindonga zomuzi zawa phansi.
- ENdiya, kuthiwa lapho uKrishna eshaya umtshingo, imifula yayinqamuka futhi izinyoni zehla zizolalela.
- Ngekhulu le-14 lase-Italy, kuthiwa kwenzeka okufanayo lapho uFrancesco Landini edlala i-organetto yakhe.
- E-China, izinsimbi zazihlotshaniswa namaphuzu ekhampasi, izinkathi zonyaka, nezimo zemvelo.
- Umtshingo woqalo waseMelanesia kukholakala ukuthi unamandla okubuyisela abantu ekuphileni.
I-Medieval Europe
- Izinsimbi eziningi ezazisetshenziswa eYurophu ephakathi zazivela entshonalanga ye-Asia, futhi zazisenazo ezinye zezimpawu zazo zangempela.
- Amacilongo, isibonelo, ayehlotshaniswa nokusebenza kwezempi, futhi ayesetshenziselwa ukumisa amakhosi nezicukuthwane, futhi ayebhekwa njengophawu lwezikhulu.
- Izigubhu (ekuqaleni ezazibizwa ngokuthi ama-nakers) zazivame ukudlalwa ngamahhashi, futhi zisasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo ezigibele.
- Izingoma zecilongo, ezisazwakala ngezikhathi zemikhosi, ziyinsalela yomkhuba wenkathi ephakathi.
Izinhlobo Zezinsimbi Zomculo
Izinsimbi Zomoya
Lezi zingane zenza umculo ngokushaya umoya ngazo. Cabanga ngamacilongo, ama-clarinets, ama-bagpipes nemitshingo. Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa:
- Ithusi: Amacilongo, ama-trombones, amashubhu, njll.
- I-Woodwind: Clarinets, oboes, saxophones, njll.
Ama-Lamellaphones
Lezi zinsimbi zenza umculo ngokukha ama-lamellas enziwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Cabanga Mbira.
Izinsimbi Zomculo Zesigubhu
Laba bafana ababi benza umculo ngokushaywa. Cabanga ngezigubhu, izinsimbi namasimbali.
Izinsimbi Zocingo
Lezi zinsimbi zenza umculo ngokuhluthulwa, ukushaywa, ukushaywa ngezimpama, njll. Cabanga ngeziginci, amavayolini nama-sitars.
Voice
Lena into engenangqondo - izwi lomuntu! Abaculi benza umculo ngokugeleza komoya okuvela emaphashini bebeka izintambo zezwi zibe ukuzungeza.
Izinsimbi zikagesi
Lezi zinsimbi zenza umculo ngezindlela zikagesi. Cabanga ngama-synthesizer kanye nama-remins.
Ama-Keyboard Instruments
Lezi zinsimbi zidlalwa ngomculo ikhibhodi. Cabanga ngamapiyano, izitho, amahabhu nama-synthesizer. Ngisho nezinsimbi ezingavamile ukuba nekhibhodi, njenge-Glockenspiel, zingaba izinsimbi zekhibhodi.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, izinsimbi zomculo ziyindlela enhle yokudala umculo nokuziveza. Kusukela kumathuluzi akudala enziwe ngezinto ezitholakele kuya kwezisetshenziswa zesimanje ezenziwe ngezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu, kukhona okuthile kwawo wonke umuntu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu osaqalayo noma uchwepheshe, ungesabi ukuhlola umhlaba womculo futhi uthole insimbi ekufanele!
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
