UGeorge William Fullerton (Mashi 7, 1923 - Julayi 4, 2009) wayengumngane wesikhathi eside Leo Fender futhi, kanye Fender kanye noDale Hyatt, umsunguli we I-G&L Izinsimbi Zomculo. Uhlonishwa ngeminikelo yokuklama eyaholela ekwakhiweni kwesiginci sokuqala sikagesi esiqinile esikhiqizwe ngobuningi.
UGeorge Fullerton wayengumakhi weziginci waseMelika oyiphayona owasiza ekudaleni nasekulolongeni umsindo weziginci zikagesi zesimanje.
Imiklamo yakhe emisha, efana ne-Fullerton I-Stratocaster, kushiye ithonya elihlala njalo emhlabeni womculo nokudlala isiginci. Kodwa wayengubani ngempela lo ngqondongqondo womenzi wesiginci waseMelika?
Lesi sihloko sizocubungula imininingwane yempilo nomsebenzi kaGeorge Fullerton.
Uhlolojikelele lukaGeorge Fullerton
UGeorge Fullerton (1924-2009) wayengumculi we-luthier waseMelika kanye nesigingci owasungula i-Fender Musical Instruments Corporation ngo-1946. Wasebenza kanye no-Leo Fender no-Don Randall, futhi wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile empumelelweni yenkampani, kusukela ekudaleni isigingci se-Stratocaster esiyisithonjana. ekwandiseni ukufinyelela kwayo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. I-Fullerton iphinde yaklama ama-amplifiers e-Fender namakhabethe esipikha, kanye nezinsimbi ezifana nesiginci sokuqala sikagesi se-bass, i-Precision Bass.
UFullerton wazalelwa eLos Angeles, eCalifornia futhi wayenesizinda esibanzi somculo ngaphambi kokujoyina amabutho noFender. Ufunde i-chemistry e-UCLA ngenkathi ebamba itoho ezitolo ezilungisa imisakazo. Ngalolu lwazi uthole ulwazi lwezobunjiniyela kagesi alusebenzise ekusebenzisaneni kwakhe neFender. U-Fullerton wayengumuntu obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izikhulisa-msindo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abaculi besimanje, imiklamo yakhe ivumela amazinga okukhiphayo aphezulu asiza izitayela zomculo okhulisiwe owaduma ku-rock n roll.
Eyaziwa ngokunaka kwakhe ngokucophelela imininingwane, u-Fullerton wasungula indinganiso ehlala njalo yobungcweti ngaphakathi kwe-lutherie etuswa abadlali abaningi ngokubahlinzeka ngezinsimbi ezilethela ngokunembile ithoni yabo ababeyifisa futhi ekhuthaze ukudlala kwabo esiteji kanye nakumarekhodi. Njengobufakazi bempumelelo yakhe nokuzinikela ekwenzeni kahle, amathuluzi amaningi e-Fender ayaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa ngokulandela imiklamo yokuqala kaGeorge eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-70 ngemva kokudalwa kwabadlali besiginci abangochwepheshe banamuhla bafunga ngabo njengoba nje abanduleli bawo benza emashumini eminyaka ngaphambi kwabo!
Isiqalo sokuphila
UGeorge Fullerton wayengumculi nomsunguli waseMelika owaziwa kakhulu ngokudala isiginci sikagesi i-Fender Stratocaster ngo-1954. Wazalelwa e-Anaheim, eCalifornia, ngo-1921, ubuntwana bukaFullerton babugcwele umculo nokwakha imisakazo evela kwezinye izingxenye. Wayevame ukuvakashela isitolo somculo sendawo lapho ayezilolongela khona futhi ezwe umculo wakamuva orekhodiwe. Ngawo-1940s, waqala ukusebenza no-Leo Fender, umsunguli we-Fender Music Corp, futhi bendawonye baqala ukwakha ezinye zezinhlobo zokuqala zesiginci sikagesi.
UGeorge Fullerton wazalelwa kuphi futhi nini?
UGeorge Fullerton wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 25, 1902 e-Decatur, e-Illinois. Uyise, uGeorge Claud Fullerton, ubesebenza njengensimbi ehhotela lendawo kanti umama wakhe uGrace Everingham wayengunkosikazi wekhaya. Umndeni wathuthela e-Los Angeles ngo-1910 lapho uGeorge eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili futhi wayenombono okhuthele kusukela esemncane kakhulu. Wayethanda kakhulu ukudlala ngamagajethi kagesi, njengoba abazali bakhe babemkhuthaza ukuba enze imisebenzi engaphandle kwesikole. Njengoba ekhula, isithakazelo sikaFullerton emculweni nakuma-elekthronikhi saqhakaza futhi wakha i-mandolin kagesi enezintambo ezimbili eneminyaka engu-13. Ngokushisekela kwakhe ukudala izinto ezintsha ngezinto ezindala, uthando lwakhe lobunjiniyela lwakhula olwaluzofaka isandla kamuva ukudalwa kwesinye sezinsimbi zomculo ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni-isiginci se-Fender Stratocaster.
Wawunjani umndeni wakhe?
UGeorge Fullerton wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 26, 1950 eNingizimu yeCalifornia. Abazali bakhe, uMoses noCarla Fullerton, babengabokudabuka esiNgisini naseFrance, ngokulandelana. Ubaba wakhe wayenebhizinisi lokubaza lomndeni kanti umama wakhe wayengusokhaya. UGeorge wayenomfowabo omdala u-Arthur nezingane zakwabo ezimbili, amawele uCharley no-Eugene.
UGeorge ekhula wachitha isikhathi esiningi nabafowabo bakhe imodeli yezindiza ezivela ezinkuni ze-balsa endaweni yokusebenzela lapho uyise agijima khona esuka ngaphansi kwendlu yomndeni wabo lapho akhulisa khona eGeorge uthando lokuxoxa ngezinto ukuze azenze zibe ngcono. Waphinde waba nokwazisa ngomculo ngokulalela amarekhodi umfowabo omdala ayevame ukufika nawo ekhaya evela ekolishi ayefunda kulo ngaleso sikhathi.
UGeorge wafunda eMonroe Elementary School eduze nje kwalapho akhulela khona wabe esedlulela eGarfield Junior High School ngaphambi kokuqeda eLincoln High School. Ngesikhathi esesikoleni samabanga aphezulu intshisekelo kaGeorge kwisayensi yezemvelo yaqhakaza ngemva kokuthola i-electronics kanye nemishini - wasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze ahlaziye izinto ezifana nemisakazo namasistimu wezipikha kuyilapho ezifundisa ithiyori yomculo ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula.
Waze waqala ukusebenza emzini wakhe ngokulungisela abangane izikhulisa-zwi lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu! Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphakeme, uFullerton wenza isinqumo sokugxila ekwenzeni umculo umsebenzi wakhe nokwagcina kumholele ekutheni enze eminye yemikhiqizo yakhe esezingeni eliphezulu eyashintsha indlela amagitala enziwa ngayo namuhla.
Yayiyini imfundo yakhe?
UGeorge Fullerton wayeyingcweti ezifundise yona yokuklama nobungcweti. Lapho ekhulela emaphandleni ase-Ontario, wathola induduzo ngokuxoxa ngemishini nezinto zikagesi. Le nto yokuzilibazisa yashintsha ngokushesha yaba uthando lwakhe, futhi waqala ukuhlola ngokucophelela ubuchwepheshe beziginci zikagesi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, uFullerton wasuka e-Ontario waya eCalifornia ngokuyalwa nguyise waya eLaguna Beach High School. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, waqhubeka waya eStanford University lapho athola khona idigri yobunjiniyela kagesi ngo-1941. Kamuva wakhululwa enkonzweni yezempi ngenxa yesimo senhliziyo, okwamvumela ukuba agxile ekuthandweni kwakhe okukhulayo kobuchwepheshe besiginci.
U-Fullerton waqala ukusebenza njengonjiniyela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene zezokuvikela phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, kodwa lokhu kwagcina kubuyele esenzweni sakhe sobuchwepheshe besiginci njengoba amashubhu amplifiers nezinye izakhi zikagesi zaqala ukuzungeza kabanzi phakathi kwabaculi. Ngemva kokuphela kwempi, uFullerton wanquma ukuphishekela umsebenzi wokuba ngumsunguli ozimele okhethekile ekudaleni amadivaysi angokwezifiso abaculi. Okunye kwalokhu okusunguliwe kungaqhubeka nokuguqula umlando womculo unomphela: i-Fender Electric Guitar!
Career
UGeorge Fullerton wayengunjiniyela kagesi oyiphayona owayesebenzela iFender Musical Instruments Corporation. Utuswe ngokusungula isiginci se-Fender Stratocaster esidumile, futhi eminye iminikelo yakhe enkampanini ihlanganisa i-Fender Precision Bass ne-Amplifaya ephusile. Umsebenzi kaFullerton wawuzinikele kakhulu ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezingcono zokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besigingci sikagesi. Wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokudala isiginci sikagesi sokuqala esiqinile ngo-1950.
Yayiyini indlela yakhe yomsebenzi?
UGeorge Fullerton wayenomsebenzi omude futhi othakazelisayo, eqala esemncane eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu lapho engenela Umbutho Wezempi Wasemanzini wase-United States. Ngemva kohambo lweminyaka emine, waphishekela imfundo eyengeziwe futhi wangena emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bakagesi futhi wazuza amalungelo obunikazi amaningana ahlobene nomsebenzi wakhe.
Njengonjiniyela, wasebenzela izinkampani ezimbalwa lapho athola khona ulwazi emikhakheni eyahlukene yobunjiniyela, kusukela ekuphehleni ugesi kuya ekuklanyweni kwe-electromechanical. Isipiliyoni sakhe somsebenzi ekugcineni samholela ekutheni ajoyine iqembu lonjiniyela abasebenza eFender Electric Instruments Company eFullerton, eCalifornia. E-Fender, uGeorge waba nengxenye ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni iziginci zikagesi nezikhulisamazwi zabanye babaculi abaphambili besikhathi sethu abanjengo-Eric Clapton.
UGeorge wahlala neFender kwaze kwaba ngu-1964 ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuphishekela ezinye izithakazelo ezifana nokuba uprofesa eFullerton College lapho ayefundisa khona izifundo ze-acoustics kanye ne-electronics iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nantathu waze wathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-1977. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi uGeorge waqhubeka ezibandakanya nezinsimbi zomculo ukusungula izinketho zomculo ezizuzisa abadlali besiginci emhlabeni jikelele namuhla.
Unjiniyela wodumo washona ngomhla zingama-29 kuLwezi wezi-2008 eneminyaka engama-85 emusha ngemuva kokushiya ifa elithinte abantu abaningi emashumini eminyaka amaningi ngezindlela ezihlukene ngenxa yezimpumelelo zakhe ezinkulu njengonjiniyela kagesi.
Yiziphi ezinye zezimpumelelo zakhe eziphawulekayo?
UGeorge Fullerton uvame ukutuswa ngokusungula ezinye zeziginci ezihlonishwayo emhlabeni. Waqala njengomfundi e-Fender ngo-1945 futhi uzohlala lapho cishe iminyaka eyikhulu, wagcina ekhuphukela ekubeni iphini likamongameli kanye nemenenja jikelele.
Phakathi nesikhathi sakhe e-Fender, u-Fullerton wadala amamodeli emishini eminingi adumile aqhubeka nokulolonga umsindo womculo odumile amashumi eminyaka. Waklama isiginci sikagesi sokuqala esiqinile esinomzimba oqinile, wethula izici ezifana nama-truss rod namakhonsana anethezekile asuse ezinye izithiyo zamathuluzi kagesi asekuqaleni. Umsebenzi wakhe wabeka ngokuqinile indinganiso abanye abakhiqizi ababengazikala ngayo.
U-Fullerton wabeka isisekelo esikhulu samamodeli okukhiqiza esimanje ngamakhono akhe okuklama lapho esiza ekucwebiseni imiklamo yasekuqaleni ka-Leo Fender ibe yizicucu eziyisithonjana njengeziginci ze-Mustang, i-Bronco ne-Musicmaster. Ukuphumelela kwakhe okukhulu kwaba ukudala i-headstock enemigqa eyisithupha-indlela emisha eyavumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize kalula lezi zinsimbi ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukubukeka kwazo noma ikhwalithi.
Le modeli eklanywe kabusha ngokushesha yanikezwa ilayisense ngokukhululekile yizinkampani eziningi, ezifana no-Gretsch no-Rickenbacker, abayisebenzise njengenkundla lapho babengazakhela khona amathuluzi abo ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zikaFullerton zokudlala okuthuthukisiwe nokwethembeka kwethoni.
Ngaphezu kokuba nesibopho sokuklama izinto eziqanjiwe ze-Fender Guitars, u-Fullerton ubhale izindatshana zobuchwepheshe ezimbalwa mayelana nokwakhiwa kwesiginci futhi wabhala izincwadi zeziqondiso zombili zabadlali abangochwepheshe kanye nabafuna ukuzilibazisa ngokufanayo. Okuphawuleka kakhulu, wabhala "Guitar Player Repair Guide" (1977), "The Fender Telecaster: History & Development" (1992) kanye "guitar Player Repair Guide Volume 2: Electric Guitars - Complete Guide to Setup And Maintenance" (2005). UGeorge Fullerton uphinde wasiza ekusunguleni izinhlangano ezimbili ezingezona ezomculo ezazizinikele kwezemfundo: I-International Academy of Design & Technology (eyayiyi-LACTI) eLa Jolla, CA; Futhi I-Eclipse Aviation Yase-Albuquerque New Mexico - Inkampani Manje Ekhiqiza Amajethi Alula Kakhulu Ngesikhathi Ngasikhathi sinye Ithuthukisa Isoftware Yokuqeqesha Abashayeli Bezindiza Ezosetshenziswa Izikole Zezindiza EMelika Nasemhlabeni Wonke.
Legacy
UGeorge Fullerton wayeyingcweti yesiginci sikagesi, edala eminye yemiklamo eyisakhiwo sodumo kulo mkhakha. Indalo yakhe edume kakhulu kwakuyiziginci ze-Fender Stratocaster kanye ne-Telecaster, yomibili imiklamo ehamba phambili embonini. Wayaziwa nangokuthanda kwakhe umculo nesayensi, okwamkhuthaza ukuthi akhe izinsimbi ezinethonya elikhulu emlandweni we-rock and roll. Ake sibhekisise ifa lakhe.
Imaphi amanye amagalelo akhe abaluleke kakhulu?
UGeorge Fullerton uyisithombe esivelele emlandweni womculo nobunjiniyela besiginci. Wakha ngokuhlanganyela isiginci se-Fender Stratocaster, esinye seziginci zikagesi ezaziwa kakhulu kwezake zadlula. Uphinde wenza i-The Fender Precision Bass, isiginci sebhesi sikagesi sokuqala esake saphazamiseka.
I-Stratocaster ingumculi womculo wobuciko oqhubeka nokusetshenziswa abaculi besimanje kanye nama-aficionados ngokufanayo. Ibonakale ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngezilungiselelo eziningi zomculo, okuhlanganisa i-rock, i-jazz, izwe kanye ne-blues futhi isiwuphawu oluyisithonjana kubo bonke abafuna umsindo wabo okhethekile.
Omunye umnikelo omkhulu kaFullerton emhlabeni womculo kwakuyi-bass ye-Fender Precision, okuholele ekutheni athuthukise amanye amamodeli ebhesi amaningana kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe ku-Fender njenge-Jazz bass, P-Bass (Precision Bass) namabhesi e-Mustang. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo inikeze abadlali izinketho eziningi mayelana nobuciko bomsindo emazingeni esabelomali ahlukene. Namuhla lezi zinsimbi zisetshenziswa abaculi abadumile emhlabeni wonke abafuna ukwehluka kwethoni okuthuthukisiwe ezindleleni zabo zokudlala.
Okokugcina uGeorge Fullerton wasishiya nemiqondo eminingana ayivusa ngesikhathi sakhe seminyaka engu-25 ne-Fender Music Corporation; elinye ibhuloho le-tremolo elithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwezwi ezinsimbini zomculo ezinezintambo njengeziginci zikagesi kanye ne-violin yokulawula i-vibrato yendawo yonke - lokhu sekwaziwa ngele-Mexican Standard namuhla ngezindlela eziningi ezizungeze izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezikhulisiwe namuhla njengeziginci zasendulo njll...
Ngaphandle kwezimpumelelo zakhe ezinkulu ezibalulwe ngenhla, uGeorge Fullerton ube negalelo elikhulu ekucacisweni okuningi okuyingqayizivele ekwakhiweni kweziginci njengokuhlinzeka ngebholidi ezintanyeni eziphikisana nokufakwa kwezintamo ezinamathele ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngaphezu kwemiklamo eminingi yezinsimbi ngenkathi esebenza kwaFender ezenza zibonakale kuze kube yilolu suku. imisindo ejwayelekile egcinwe iphila emashumini eminyaka ethonya cishe noma iyiphi i-amplifier yesimanje noma ibhokisi lokudonsa eliklanywe kusukela lapho okuhlanganisa i-flanging/isigaba/ukucindezela ukukhanyisa ukushintshwa kwesiteshi kwama-amplifiers! Konke lokhu kuqinisekisa insimbi elinganiselayo uma idlalwa kuzo zonke izigaba ongazicabanga emhlabeni wonke inikeza imisindo yakudala esisayijabulela nanamuhla!
Umsebenzi wakhe ube nomthelela kanjani embonini yesiginci?
UGeorge Fullerton, owazalwa ngo-August 1, 1923, ungumuntu obalulekile embonini yesiginci. Umsebenzi wakhe no-Leo Fender kanye ne-Fender Musical Instruments udale amamodeli amaningi e-Fender adumile asadumile nanamuhla.
U-Fullerton wabambisana no-Leo Fender ngo-1946 ukuze bakhe ezinye zeziginci ezidume kakhulu nezikhulisa-zwi ezake zenziwa yi-Fender Musical Instruments. Phakathi kwezinto abazenzile kubalwa iTelecaster, Precision Bass, Stratocaster neJazzmaster. Iminikelo yalaba ababili ayishintshanga nje kuphela umsindo wesimanje wokudlala isiginci kodwa iphinde yavula insimbi ekhiqizwe ngobuningi evumela abadlali besiginci abasafufusa ukuthi bajoyine imibuthano yochwepheshe kalula kakhulu kunangaphambilini.
Umthelela wokusungulwa kwe-Fullerton ne-Fender usazwakala nanamuhla kuyo yonke imboni yomculo. Abadlali bazo zonke izinhlobo bayawuthanda umsebenzi wabo, okuhlanganisa nabadlali be-jazz, i-rock & roll ne-blues abasebenzisa lezi ziginci kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo. Amakhulu abadlali emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa ama-Telecasters nama-Stratocasters njengengxenye yemishini yabo evamile lapho bedlala bukhoma noma berekhoda ezitudiyo. Iziginci zesignesha ezenzelwe abadlali abadumile ziye zaqhubeka nokukhishwa kusukela amamodeli awo oqobo athuthukiswa emuva ngo-1946, okubonisa ukuthi imiklamo kaFullerton kanye nekaFaulkner yayibheke phambili kangakanani.
Impumelelo enkulu ejatshulelwa izinsimbi ze-Fender isukela embonweni ka-George Fullerton wohlobo olusha lwensimbi engafinyelela ingxenye yemakethe enkulu kunanini ngaphambili kunoma yimuphi umdlali wesigingci noma osebenza esitolo somculo. Kungenxa yemizamo yakhe okwenza izigidi emhlabeni wonke zibe abanikazi be-amplifier be-Ampeg abashisekayo kanye nabalandeli beTelecaster noma iStratocaster - ukube bekungengenxa yokuqamba kwakhe okusha eminyakeni engama-70 edlule, akukho kulokhu obekungenzeka namuhla!
Isiphetho
UGeorge Fullerton wayengomunye wababambe iqhaza ababaluleke kakhulu enkampanini yesiginci iFender emhlabeni. Waba nengxenye ebalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesiginci esidumile saseStratocaster, futhi ithonya lakhe lingabonakala ezigidini eziningi ezisetshenziswa abaculi namuhla. Ukuzinikela kwakhe, ubuhlakani bakhe nothando lwakhe bekumangalisa ngempela futhi kwashiya ifa elihlala njalo embonini yesiginci. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka impilo kaGeorge Fullerton kanye nomthelela ohlala njalo abe nawo emhlabeni womculo.
Isifinyezo sempilo nomsebenzi kaGeorge Fullerton
UGeorge Fullerton wazalelwa e-Akron, e-Ohio ngo-1922. Wathuthela eSeattle ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale iMpi Yezwe II. Wasebenza njengengcweti kagesi e-Navy ngesikhathi sempi futhi wathuthukisa amakhono akhe ngogesi kanye ne-electronics. Ngemva kwempi, waya endaweni namuhla eyiNyuvesi yaseWashington futhi wathola iziqu zobunjiniyela bakagesi, walandelwa yiziqu ze-master azithola eCalifornia Institute of Technology (Caltech).
Okuhlangenwe nakho kukaFullerton kweze-electronics, kuhlangene nobungcweti bakhe kwezesayensi nobunjiniyela, kwamenza waba umsunguli ofunwayo. Mhlawumbe okudume kakhulu, uFullerton waziwa njengomunye wabahlanganyeli bokuqala bakaLeo Fender eFender Electric Instruments Company. Yena, u-Clif 'Mr.Tremolo' Wineright, kanye no-Doc Kauffman baklame enye yemiklamo yokuqala yesiginci sikagesi futhi badala inguqulo yabo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa ne-Fender. Ngokungeziwe kulo mnikelo omkhulu emlandweni womculo, u-Fullerton uphinde wasebenza kwezinye izinto eziningi eziqanjiwe ezifana nezikhulisamazwi, ama-pre-amps nama-pickup kagesi wezinsimbi zomculo.
U-Fullerton wajabulela impumelelo kuzo zombili i-Fender futhi kamuva ku-Randall Smith's G&L Guitars amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokushona ngenxa yomdlavuza ngoJanuwari 10th 2002; wayeneminyaka engu-79 ubudala. Ifa lakhe njengomsunguli lingabonakala ezicini eziningi zokukhiqizwa komculo wesimanje kusukela emishinini yomsindo kuya kumakhompyutha kanye nokuhlonishwa Ngemva kokufa yi-NAMM (National Association Music Merchants). UGeorge Fullerton ngempela wayishintsha inkambo yomlando womculo ngemibono yakhe nezinto ezintsha; hhayi ngeziginci kuphela kodwa ngama-amps nezinye izingxenye zomsindo ezisiza ukudala umsindo onamandla esisawujabulela nanamuhla.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
