Ukusabela kwefrequency isilinganiso somthamo we-spectrum yokuphumayo yesistimu noma idivayisi ekuphenduleni isivuseleli futhi sisetshenziselwa ukubonisa amandla esistimu. Kuyisilinganiso sobukhulu nesigaba sokuphumayo njengomsebenzi we imvamisa, uma kuqhathaniswa nokokufaka. Ngamagama alula, uma a sine igagasi lijovwa ohlelweni ngemvamisa enikeziwe, isistimu yomugqa izophendula kuleyo frikhwensi ngobukhulu obuthile kanye ne-engeli yesigaba esithile ngokuhlobene nokokufaka. Futhi kusistimu yomugqa, ukuphinda kabili i-amplitude yokokufaka kuzophinda kabili i-amplitude yokuphumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isistimu ingaguquki ngesikhathi, impendulo yemvamisa nayo ngeke ihluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili zokuhlaziya impendulo yemvamisa zihlobene kodwa zinezinjongo ezihlukene. Kusistimu yomsindo, inhloso kungase kube ukukhiqiza kabusha isignali yokokufaka ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela. Lokho kuzodinga ubukhulu obufanayo (obucaba) bokuphendula kuze kufike emkhawulweni womkhawulokudonsa wesistimu, ngesignali ibambezeleke isikhathi esifana ncamashi kuwo wonke amaza. Leso sikhathi singaba imizuzwana, noma amasonto noma izinyanga endabeni yemidiya erekhodiwe. Ngokuphambene, kumshini wempendulo osetshenziswa ukulawula isistimu eguqukayo, inhloso ukunikeza isistimu yeluphu evaliwe impendulo ethuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu enganxeshezelwa. Impendulo ngokuvamile idinga ukuphendula ku-dynamics yesistimu phakathi kwenani elincane kakhulu lemijikelezo ye-oscillation (imvamisa ingaphansi komjikelezo owodwa ogcwele), kanye ne-engeli yesigaba eqondile ehlobene nokokufaka kokulawula okuyaliwe. Ukuze uthole impendulo yokukhulisa ngokwanele, ukuthola i-engeli yesigaba engalungile kungaholela ekungazinzini kwesistimu ezinzile ye-loop, noma ukwehluleka ukuzinzisa isistimu ene-loop evulekile engazinzile. Izihlungi zedijithali zingase zisetshenziselwe kokubili amasistimu omsindo nezinhlelo zokulawula impendulo, kodwa njengoba izinjongo zihlukile, ngokuvamile izici zesigaba sezihlungi zizohluka kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ukuthi iyini impendulo yemvamisa, ukuthi iwuthinta kanjani umsindo, nokuthi ungayikala kanjani. Futhi, ngizokwabelana ngamathiphu okuthi ungayithola kanjani impendulo engcono kakhulu yemvamisa kumishini yakho yomsindo.
Ukuqonda Ukusabela Kwemvamisa: Ukhiye Wokusebenza Kwezisetshenziswa Zomsindo
Ukusabela kwemvamisa igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi isistimu yomsindo isabela kanjani kumafrikhwensi ahlukene wesignali. Ngamagama alula, kubhekiselwa ekutheni isistimu yomsindo iwukhiqiza kahle kanjani umsindo kububanzi befrikhwensi.
Isetshenziswa Kanjani Impendulo Yemvamisa Kumklamo Wezisetshenziswa Zomsindo?
Abaklami basebenzisa izilinganiso zokuphendula imvamisa ukuze baklame okokusebenza okulalelwayo okusebenza ngendlela eqondile nengabikezelwa. Basebenzisa izihlungi, ama-amplifiers, namanye amasekhethi ukuze balolonge impendulo yemvamisa ukuze kuzuzwe umsindo othile noma ukunxephezela ukusilela ohlelweni.
Iyini iFourier Transform?
Uguquko lweFourier luyinqubo yezibalo esetshenziselwa ukumela isignali ngokwezingxenye zayo zefrikhwensi. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa isignali kumafrikhwensi akhona nama-amplitudes, okungabe sekuhlelwe kwijika lokuphendula imvamisa.
Buyini Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwempendulo Yemvamisa kanye Nokucutshungulwa Kwesiginali?
Ukusabela kwemvamisa kuwumqondo obalulekile ekucubunguleni isignali ngoba ichaza indlela isistimu esabela ngayo kumafrikhwensi ahlukene wesignali. Amasu okucubungula amasignali afana nokuhlunga nokuphindaphinda asetshenziselwa ukuphatha impendulo yemvamisa yesistimu ukuze kuzuzwe umsindo othile noma umphumela.
Ithini Indima Yempendulo Yemvamisa Ekusebenzeni Kwezisetshenziswa Zomsindo?
Ukusabela kwemvamisa kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwemishini yomsindo. Isistimu enempendulo yefrikhwensi eyisicaba izokhiqiza kabusha wonke amafrikhwensi ngokulinganayo, kuyilapho isistimu enempendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo izogcizelela noma inciphise amaza athile. Abaqambi kufanele balinganisele isifiso somsindo othile nesidingo sokusebenza okunembile nokuthembekile.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukusabela Kwemvamisa Ezisetshenziswa Zomsindo
Uma kukhulunywa ngemishini yomsindo, impendulo yemvamisa yitemu lobuchwepheshe elivame ukujikijelwa ngaphandle kokuthi abantu bakubone ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwayo. Ngamagama alula, impendulo yefrikhwensi isho ikhono ledivayisi lokukhiqiza kabusha wonke amathoni kusignali yomsindo, kusukela kumanothi ebhesi aphansi kuya kumanothi ahamba phambili ahamba phambili.
Iqhaza Lempendulo Yemvamisa Ekukhiqizeni Umsindo Omuhle
Ukusabela okuvama kwedivayisi yomsindo kubalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi yomsindo olethwa ekugcineni. Idivayisi ene-flatter frequency response ibhekwa njengebhalansile futhi ikwazi ukukhiqiza ububanzi obubanzi bemisindo, kuyilapho idivayisi enempendulo yefrikhwensi emise okumise okwenzelwe ukugcizelela noma ukususa ukugcizelela amafrikhwensi athile.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuphendula Imvamisa Elinganiselayo
Impendulo yefrikhwensi elinganiselayo ibalulekile ngoba ivumela idivayisi ukuthi ikhiqize kabusha ngokunembile imisindo yezinsimbi ezahlukene nezitayela zomculo. Isibonelo, idivayisi ene-bass esabelayo enamandla ingase ibe yinhle ukudlala izinhlobo ezithile zomculo, kodwa ingase ingafaneleki ukurekhoda noma ukuxuba izingcezu ezihlanganisa imisindo eminingi yebanga eliphezulu.
Ukuthi Ukusabela Kwemvamisa Kuthinta Kanjani Ukusebenza
Ukusabela okuvama kwedivayisi yomsindo nakho kungathinta ukusebenza kwayo kukonke ngezindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, idivayisi ene-low frequency response ingase ingakwazi ukudlula amandla anele ukuze ikhiqize imisindo ye-bass emihle, kuyilapho idivayisi ene-high frequency response ingase ingakwazi ngempela ukukhiqiza imisindo esezingeni eliphansi.
Kungani Ukusabela Kwemvamisa Kubalulekile Kusilungiselelo Sesitudiyo
Esimisweni se-studio, impendulo yemvamisa ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ingathinta ikhwalithi yokurekhodwa okukhiqizwayo. Idivayisi enempendulo yefrikhwensi elinganiselayo ingasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okurekhodiwe kunembile futhi kuzwakala kukuhle kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene okudlala.
Indlela Yokukhetha Izisetshenziswa Zomsindo Ngokusekelwe Ekuphenduleni Imvamisa
Lapho uthenga okokusebenza okulalelwayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula impendulo yemvamisa. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele:
- Bheka amadivayisi anikeza impendulo yefrikhwensi elinganiselwe kulo lonke uhla lwamathoni.
- Cabangela uhlobo lomculo noma imisindo ozoyikhiqiza noma oyilalele, bese ukhetha umshini oklanyelwe ukuphatha lawo maza athile.
- Ungabambeki kakhulu ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe noma ukucaciswa. Yize kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo zokuphendula imvamisa, abantu abaningi ngeke bakwazi ukuzwa umehluko omncane wokuphendula imvamisa phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene.
- Khumbula ukuthi impendulo yemvamisa yinto eyodwa okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ukhetha okokusebenza komsindo. Ezinye izici zihlanganisa uhlobo lwamasiginali okokufaka nokukhiphayo idivayisi engakwazi ukuyiphatha, ileveli yemininingwane nokucaca elinikezayo, kanye nekhwalithi iyonke yomsindo ewukhiqizayo.
Impendulo Yemvamisa Yokulinganisa Nokwakha: Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe
- Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa isignali yokuhlola kokokufaka okokusebenza komsindo nokulinganisa isignali ephumayo engumphumela.
- Enye indlela ihilela ukusebenzisa umbhobho ukuze ubambe umsindo okhiqizwa umshini nokuhlaziya isignali ewumphumela.
- Zombili izindlela zivamise ukubandakanya ukusebenzisa uchungechunge lwamasignali okuhlola kumafrikhwensi ahlukene ukumboza lonke ibanga lefrikhwensi yezinto zokusebenza.
I-Frequency Response Plotting
- Ukusabela kwemvamisa kuvame ukuhlelwa kugrafu enefrikhwensi ku-eksisi ka-x kanye nezinga ku-eksisi ka-y.
- Isakhiwo esiwumphumela singathatha amafomu ahlukene, okuhlanganisa ijika elibushelelezi noma uchungechunge lwamajamo angama-rectangular.
- Isakhiwo singaphinda sifake ulwazi mayelana nesigaba, okuyisikhathi esihlobene sezingxenye zefrikhwensi ehlukene kusiginali.
Ukucaciswa Kwesizinda Semvamisa: Ukuphoqelela Imikhawulo kanye Nezimpawu Zokulandelela
Ukucaciswa kwesizinda sefrikhwensi amapharamitha wobuchwepheshe acacisa ukuthi isistimu kufanele iphendule kanjani kumasignali okokufaka kumafrikhwensi ahlukene. Baphoqelela imikhawulo enzuzweni yesistimu, ukuzwela, kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, futhi balandelele amasignali ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi okukhiphayo kufana nephrofayili oyifunayo.
Iyini i-Systune?
I-Systune iyithuluzi lesofthiwe elenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokushuna imininingwane yesizinda semvamisa yezinhlelo zokulawula. Isebenzisa i-closed-loop script ukuze ilungise amapharamitha wesistimu futhi ilandelele impendulo oyifunayo.
Yini i-SISO?
I-SISO imele “i-single-output, single-output,” futhi ibhekisela kumasistimu anokufaka okukodwa kuphela nokuphumayo okukodwa. Amasistimu e-SISO angaphansi kokucaciswa kwesizinda sefrikhwensi, okusebenzisa imikhawulo ekuphenduleni kwawo kumasignali okokufaka kumafrikhwensi ahlukene.
Ingabe Ukukhuliswa Kuyafana Nokuzuza?
Ukukhulisa nokuzuza kuhlobene, kodwa akufani. Ukukhulisa kubhekisela ekukhuleni okuphelele kwezinga lesignali, kuyilapho inzuzo ibhekisela esilinganisweni sokuphumayo nokokufaka ngefrikhwensi ethile. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube ngcono ukucacisa ukukhulisa esikhundleni sokuzuza, kuye ngezidingo zohlelo.
Iyini i-Norm Constraint?
I-Norm constraint uhlobo lokucaciswa kwesizinda sefrikhwensi ephoqelela imikhawulo kunkambiso yomsebenzi wokudlulisa wesistimu. Lokhu kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni impendulo iyonke yesistimu, esikhundleni sokuphendula kwayo kumafrikhwensi athile.
I-Flat vs Shaped Frequency Response: Ikuphi Okungcono Kumakrofoni Yakho?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo, isho ukuthi imakrofoni yakhelwe ukugcizelela noma ukususa ukugcizelela amaza athile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, njengokunxephezela ama-acoustics egumbi noma ukuthuthukisa umsindo wensimbi ethile. Ezinye izibonelo zamamakrofoni anempendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo zifaka:
- I-Shure SM7B: Le makrofoni ine-midrange ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-roll-off kumafrikhwensi aphezulu, okuyenza ibe yinketho edumile yokuqopha amazwi.
- I-AKG C414: Le makrofoni inezinye izinguqulo eziningi, ngayinye enempendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo ohlukile. Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe inguqulo efanele izidingo zabo.
Ukukhetha impendulo yefrikhwensi efanele yezidingo zakho
Ngakho-ke, yikuphi okungcono: impendulo yefrikhwensi eyisicaba noma enomumo? Impendulo iwukuthi, kuya ngezidingo zakho ezithile. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imakrofoni:
- Uma ufuna imakrofoni ekhiqiza kabusha ngokunembile umsindo womthombo, impendulo yefrikhwensi eyisicaba iyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
- Uma urekhoda egumbini elinama-acoustics ampofu, imakrofoni enempendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo ingasiza ukunxephezela lokhu.
- Uma urekhoda insimbi ethile noma umsindo, imakrofoni enempendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo egcizelela ukuvama kwalelo thuluzi noma umsindo ingathuthukisa umsindo owumphumela.
Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi amanye amamakrofoni, njenge-Neumann U87 edumile, anempendulo yemvamisa ephezulu ethuthukisiwe. Lokhu kungaholela emsindweni ogqamile, onemininingwane eminingi, kodwa futhi kungaholela emsindweni owengeziwe futhi kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela.
Izicelo Zokuphendula Imvamisa
Ukusabela kaningi kwesistimu yomsindo kuyisici esibalulekile ekuklameni okokusebenza komsindo. Onjiniyela badinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu ingakwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha uhla olufunwayo lwamafrikhwensi azwakalayo ngokunemba nokwethembeka okwanele. Lokhu kudinga impendulo yefrikhwensi eyisicaba enokubekezelela okuqinile, okusho ukuthi isistimu akufanele inciphise noma igcizelele noma imaphi amaza athile. Ukufeza lokhu, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa inhlanganisela yezihlungi ze-analog nezedijithali, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo.
Ukulinganisa Nokuhlaziya Izimpawu
Ukusabela kwemvamisa nakho kubalulekile ekulinganiseni nasekuhlaziyeni amasignali ezinhlelweni zikagesi. Onjiniyela basebenzisa ijika lokuphendula imvamisa ukuze babonise ukuthi isistimu ikhiqiza kanjani kabusha noma inciphisa amaza ahlukene. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuklameni nasekuhloleni izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njengezikhulisi, amamakrofoni, nezihlungi. Ngokuhlaziya impendulo yemvamisa yesistimu, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukubala impendulo ye-impulse (FIR) ekhawulelwe yohlelo, ebavumela ukuthi banxephezele nganoma iyiphi impendulo yefrikhwensi.
Ezokuxhumana kanye Nezinhlelo Ezingenantambo
Ukusabela kwemvamisa nakho kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana nezingenazintambo, njengomsakazo, ividiyo, namasistimu okushintsha. Onjiniyela basebenzisa amajika okuphendula ama-frequency ukuze babonise ububanzi befrikhwensi isistimu engakwazi ukuyidlulisa noma ukuyithola. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuklameni nasekuhloleni ama-antenna namakhebuli angama-coaxial. Kumasistimu angenazintambo, onjiniyela badinga futhi ukucabangela amaza e-infrasonic angabangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba noma amasignali e-electroencephalography (EEG).
Izidingo Zokugcizelela Nokuncishiswa
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ezifana nokwenza kabusha komsindo noma ukuqondakala kwenkulumo, impendulo yefrikhwensi enomumo ingafunwa. Isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile lomculo lungase ludinge ukugcizelelwa okwengeziwe kumafrikhwensi e-bass, kuyilapho isistimu yokuqonda inkulumo ingase idinge ukugcizelela okwengeziwe kumafrikhwensi aphakathi nendawo. Kulezi zimo, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa izihlungi ukuze balolonge impendulo yemvamisa yesistimu ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impendulo emise okwenzeke ayiholeli ekuthembekeni okubi noma ekuhlakanipheni.
Ukuvikelwa kanye nesaziso
Ukusabela kwemvamisa nakho kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi emonakalweni. Isibonelo, isipikha singase sibe nokuphendula kwemvamisa okudlulela ngalé kobubanzi obuzwakalayo, okungalimaza isipikha uma sishayelwa isignali equkethe amaza e-infrasonic noma ama-ultrasonic. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa izihlungi ukuze bakhawulele impendulo yemvamisa yesiginali yokufaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impendulo yemvamisa ingasetshenziswa ukwazisa abasebenzisi ngezinkinga ezingaba khona ohlelweni. Isibonelo, ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe ekuphenduleni kwemvamisa yesistimu kungase kubonise ingxenye enephutha noma ukuxhumeka okuxekethile.
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, ukusabela kwemvamisa kuyisilinganiso sokuthi isipikha noma ucezu lwesisetshenziswa somsindo sikhiqiza kanjani amafrikhwensi ahlukene. Kuyisici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha okokusebenza okufanele komsindo ofuna ukuwufinyelela.
Ngakho-ke, manje uyazi ukuthi iyini impendulo yemvamisa nokuthi ungayikala kanjani. Ngethemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela uyiphendule yonke imibuzo yakho futhi wakusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalesi sici esibalulekile semishini yomsindo.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
