Imibhobho ye-Condenser kanye nemakrofoni e-lavalier kokubili kuvame ukusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezibukhoma zezinkulumo, izethulo, namakhonsathi. Kodwa-ke, banezindlela ezihlukile zokuthatha umsindo. Amamakrofoni e-Condenser makhulu futhi azwela kakhulu, athwebula uhla olubanzi lwamafrikhwensi nemisindo yefrikhwensi ephansi. Okwamanje, i-lavalier mics mancane futhi aqondise kakhulu, aphakamisa imvamisa ephezulu imisindo engcono. Kulesi sihloko, ngizohlola umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamakrofoni futhi ngikuqondise ekukhetheni engcono kakhulu yezidingo zakho.
Ukuqonda Umehluko phakathi kweLavalier neCondenser Microphone
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani ama-microphone we-condenser ancanyelwa ukurekhodwa kumakrofoni aguqukayo. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo eziyinhloko:
- Amamakrofoni e-Condenser (nansi indlela aqhathaniswa ngayo nanamandla) babe nebanga elibanzi lefrikhwensi, okusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukucosha imisindo eminingi.
- Azwela kakhulu kunamakrofoni aguqukayo, okusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ethulile nama-nuances kumsindo.
- Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile anempendulo engcono yesikhashana, okusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuthwebula ngokunembile izinguquko ezingazelelwe emsindweni.
- Bangcono ekuphakamiseni imisindo yemvamisa ephezulu, okubenza babe bahle ekuqopheni amazwi neminye imisindo ephezulu.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukile Zamamakrofoni e-Condenser?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakrofoni e-condenser: i-diaphragm enkulu kanye ne-diaphragm encane. Nansi indlela ahluke ngayo:
- Amamakrofoni amakhulu we-diaphragm condenser anendawo enkulu, okusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuthatha umsindo omningi futhi angcono ekuthwebuleni imisindo yefrikhwensi. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqopha amazwi nezinye izinsimbi zomculo we-acoustic.
- Amamakrofoni amancane we-diaphragm condenser anendawo encane, okusho ukuthi angcono ekubambeni imisindo yamafrikhwensi aphezulu. Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukurekhoda izinsimbi ezifana namasimbali, ama-acoustic guitar, nama-violin.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Imakrofoni yeLavalier?
Imakrofoni ye-Lavalier inezinzuzo ezimbalwa kunezinye izinhlobo zamakrofoni:
- Mancane futhi awabukeki, okuwenza alungele ukuqoshwa ezimeni lapho ungafuni ukuthi imakrofoni ibonakale.
- Zenzelwe ukuthi zigqokwe eduze nomzimba, okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukucosha umsindo ozwakalayo wemvelo ngaphandle kokuphakamisa umsindo omkhulu wangemuva.
- Ngokuvamile ziyi-omnidirectional, okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukucosha umsindo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lokhu kungaba usizo uma uqopha abantu abaningi noma uma ufuna ukuthwebula umsindo we-ambient.
Iluphi Uhlobo Lwemakrofoni Okufanele Ulukhethe?
Ekugcineni, uhlobo lombhobho olukhethayo luzoncika ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenzayo. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha:
- Uma ufuna imakrofoni encane futhi engabonakali, imakrofoni ye-lavalier ingaba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
- Uma ufuna imakrofoni ezwela ngokwedlulele futhi ekwazi ukucosha imisindo ehlukahlukene, umbhobho we-condenser ungase ube indlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
- Uma ufuna imakrofoni okulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi engadingi izinto eziningi ezengeziwe, imakrofoni eguqukayo ingaba inketho engcono kakhulu.
- Uma urekhoda amazwi noma ezinye izinsimbi zomculo we-acoustic, umbhobho omkhulu we-diaphragm condenser cishe uyinketho engcono kakhulu.
- Uma urekhoda amathuluzi anezwi eliphezulu njengamasimbali noma amavayolini, imakrofoni encane ye-diaphragm condenser ingase ibe indlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.
Khumbula, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha umbhobho ozokusiza uzuze ikhwalithi yomsindo engcono kakhulu ngezidingo zakho ezithile.
I-Battle of the Mics: Condenser vs Lavalier
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imakrofoni elungile yezidingo zakho zokukhiqiza umsindo, kunezici eziningi okufanele uzicabangele. Nazi ezinye izithenjwa zokukusiza wenze isinqumo unolwazi:
Izinhlobo Zemakrofoni Ezidumile
- Imakrofoni ye-Condenser: Lawa makrofoni ngokuvamile azwela kakhulu futhi anobubanzi obuphezulu kunemakrofoni ashukumisayo. Zilungele umsebenzi we-studio futhi zithwebula imisindo ehlukahlukene. Amanye amabhrendi adumile afaka i-AKG ne-Shure.
- Imakrofoni ye-Lavalier: Lawa makrofoni amancane anentambo aklanyelwe ukugqokwa eduze nomzimba futhi adumile ezinkulumweni ezibukhoma nezethulo. Ayaziwa nangokuthi ama-lapel mics futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-TV namafilimu. Amanye amabhrendi adumile afaka iShure neSennheiser.
Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwemibhobho Ye-Condenser ne-Lavalier
- Iphethini yokuthatha: Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile anephethini yokulandwa ebanzi, kuyilapho amamakrofoni e-lavalier anephethini yokuthwebula eseduze.
- I-Phantom Power: Imakrofoni ye-Condenser ivamise ukudinga amandla e-phantom, kuyilapho i-lavalier mics ingawafuni.
- Isithunzi: Amamakrofoni e-Condenser aziwa ngomsindo wawo wekhwalithi ephezulu futhi avame ukusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zesitudiyo sochwepheshe. Amamakrofoni e-Lavalier aziwa ngokuguquguquka kwawo futhi avame ukusetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo ezibukhoma.
- Ukuzwela: Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile azwela kakhulu kunemakrofoni ye-lavalier, okusho ukuthi angakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ecashile.
- Uhlobo Lwemisindo: Amamakrofoni e-Condenser alungele ukuthwebula imisindo ehlukahlukene, kuyilapho amamakrofoni e-lavalier afaneleka kakhulu ukuthwebula imisindo yephimbo.
- I-engeli: Amamakrofoni e-Condenser ngokuvamile aklanyelwe ukusebenza nge-engeli engaguquki, kuyilapho amamakrofoni e-lavalier anganyakaziswa ukuze afanele izidingo zomsebenzisi.
- Iphethini ye-Polar: Imakrofoni ye-Condenser ivamise ukuba nephethini ye-cardioid polar, kuyilapho i-lavalier mics ivamise ukuba nephethini ye-omnidirectional polar.
Ukukhetha imakrofoni elungile yezidingo zakho
- Uma ufuna imakrofoni yomsebenzi wasestudiyo, i-condenser mic ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Azwela futhi angathwebula imisindo eminingi.
- Uma ufuna imakrofoni yezilungiselelo ezibukhoma, imakrofoni ye-lavalier ngokuvamile iyinketho engcono kakhulu. Mancane futhi ahlukahlukene, futhi angagqokwa eduze nomzimba ukuze asetshenziswe ngaphandle kwezandla.
- Uma uthwebula ividiyo futhi udinga imakrofoni ekwazi ukuthwebula umsindo ukude, imakrofoni yesibhamu ngokuvamile iyinketho engcono kakhulu. Zenzelwe ukucosha umsindo endaweni ethile futhi zilungele ukuthwebula inkhulumomphendvulwano ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu ne-TV.
- Uma udinga imakrofoni ephathwa ngesandla ukuze udlale ngezwi, imakrofoni eguqukayo ngokuvamile iyinketho engcono kakhulu. Ziqinile futhi zingakwazi ukuphatha amazinga aphezulu okuzuza ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela.
- Uma udinga imakrofoni engenantambo, womabili ama-mics econdenser ne-lavalier ayatholakala ngezinguqulo ezingenantambo. Bheka imikhiqizo efana ne-Shure ne-Sennheiser yamakrofoni angenantambo wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Izinto Ezengeziwe Okufanele Zicatshangelwe
- Yakha Ikhwalithi: Bheka amamakrofoni akheke kahle futhi ahlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma uhlela ukuwasebenzisa endaweni efanele.
- Amamakrofoni Amaningi: Uma udinga ukuthwebula umsindo emithonjeni eminingi, cabanga ukusebenzisa imakrofoni eminingi esikhundleni sokuncika kumakrofoni eyodwa ukwenza umsebenzi.
- I-Varimotion: Bheka amamakrofoni anobuchwepheshe be-varimotion, obuvumela imakrofoni ukuthi ibambe imisindo eminingi ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela.
- Amayintshi namadigri: Cabangela usayizi ne-engeli yombhobho lapho ukhetha i-mic stand noma ingalo ye-boom ukuze uyibambe isendaweni.
- Isithunzi: Bheka imibhobho evela ezinkampanini ezihlonishwayo ezinegama elihle lekhwalithi nokuthembeka.
Imakrofoni ye-lavalier, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lapel mic, imakrofoni encane engakwazi ukunamathiselwa engutsheni noma ifihlwe ezinweleni zomuntu. Iwuhlobo lombhobho we-condenser oluvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqopha umsindo ezimeni lapho umbhobho omkhulu ungeke ube nokwenzeka noma ubambezeleke.
- Imakrofoni ye-Lavalier ivamise ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yethelevishini, ifilimu, nethiyetha, kanye nasemicimbini yokukhuluma esidlangalaleni nasezingxoxweni.
- Futhi ziyinketho edumile yokuqopha ama-podcasts namavidiyo we-YouTube, njengoba evumela isipikha ukuthi sihambe ngokukhululeka sibe sithwebula umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Imakrofoni yeCondenser: Imakrofoni Ezwelayo Ethwebula Imisindo Yemvelo
Amamakrofoni e-Condenser adinga umthombo wamandla, ngokuvamile osesimweni samandla e-phantom, ukuze asebenze. Lo mthombo wamandla ushaja i-capacitor, uyivumela ukuthi ibambe ngisho nemisindo emincane. Idizayini yombhobho we-condenser uyivumela ukuthi izwele kakhulu futhi ifinyelele ububanzi obuhlukahlukene, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kokuqopha imisindo yemvelo.
Uyikhetha Kanjani Imakrofoni Ye-Condenser Elungile?
Uma ufuna i-condenser microphone, kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi yakho yokurekhoda. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka phakathi usayizi nokuklama kwemakrofoni, uhlobo lwephethini yokuthwebula eyisebenzisayo, kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye ezifakiwe. Ekugcineni, indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha umbhobho we-condenser ukuhlola amamodeli ahlukene futhi ubone ukuthi iyiphi ekhiqiza ikhwalithi yomsindo oyifunayo.
Ukuqonda Amaphethini Wokuthatha: Ungakhetha Kanjani Imakrofoni Engcono Kakhulu Yezidingo Zakho
Uma kuziwa kumakrofoni, iphethini yokuthatha isho indawo ezungeze umbhobho lapho izwela kakhulu umsindo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kuthinta ikhwalithi yomsindo owuqophayo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamaphethini wokuthatha: i-cardioid, i-omnidirectional, ne-lobar.
Iphethini ye-Cardioid Pickup
Iphethini yokuthatha i-cardioid iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwephethini yokulandwa etholakala kumakrofoni avamile. Isebenza ngokucosha umsindo ngaphambili kombhobho ngenkathi yenqaba imisindo evela ezinhlangothini nangemuva. Lokhu kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni umsindo ongafuneki kanye nokuphazamiseka ekuthinteni ukurekhoda kwakho. Uma ufuna imakrofoni ekwazi ukuphatha imisindo eminingi kusitudiyo, i-cardioid mic iyisinqumo esihle.
Iphethini yokuthatha yonke indawo
Iphethini yokuthatha indawo yonke ithatha umsindo ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinkomba. Lokhu kuyasiza uma ufuna ukuthwebula imisindo ehlukahlukene noma uma ufuna ukwengeza umsindo omncane ongemuva ekurekhodeni kwakho. Imakrofoni ye-Omnidirectional ngokuvamile itholakala kumakrofoni e-lavalier, enamathiselwe emzimbeni noma ezingutsheni zomuntu okhulumayo. Ziyasiza futhi uma uqopha ku-a imvelo enomsindo (nansi imakrofoni engcono kakhulu yalokho), njengoba bekwazi ukucosha imisindo endaweni ebanzi.
Iyiphi Iphethini Yokuthatha Ekulungele?
Ukukhetha iphethini efanele yokuthatha kuncike ezidingweni zakho ezithile. Uma uqopha endaweni yesitudiyo futhi ufuna ukuhlukanisa umsindo othile, imakrofoni ye-lobar ilungile. Uma urekhoda endaweni enomsindo futhi ufuna ukuthwebula imisindo ehlukahlukene, imakrofoni ye-omnidirectional iyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Uma ufuna ukuthwebula umthombo womsindo owodwa ngenkathi uvikela umsindo ongafuneki, imakrofoni ye-cardioid iyona ndlela engcono kakhulu.
Ukuqonda Amaphethini e-Polar
Amaphethini we-polar angenye indlela yokubhekisela kumaphethini wokuthatha. Igama elithi “polar” libhekisela esimeni sendawo ezungeze umbhobho lapho uzwela kakhulu umsindo. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zamaphethini we-polar: cardioid, omnidirectional, figure-8, kanye nesibhamu.
Umfanekiso-8 Iphethini ye-Polar
Iphethini ye-polar ye-figure-8 ithatha umsindo kusukela ngaphambili nangemuva kombhobho ngenkathi yenqaba imisindo evela ezinhlangothini. Lokhu kuyasiza uma uqopha abantu ababili ababhekene bodwa.
Ukunika amandla: Ukuqonda amandla e-Phantom kumakrofoni e-Condenser
Amandla e-Phantom amandla kagesi anikezwa kumakrofoni e-condenser ngentambo ye-XLR. Lawa mandla ayadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto zikagesi ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwemakrofoni, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa i-preamp nesiteji sokuphumayo. Ngaphandle kwamandla e-phantom, imakrofoni ngeke isebenze.
Isebenza kanjani iPhantom Power?
Amandla e-Phantom ngokuvamile anikezwa ngentambo efanayo ye-XLR ethwala isignali yomsindo isuka kumakrofoni iye kudivayisi yokurekhoda noma ikhonsoli. Amandla ngokuvamile ahlinzekwa nge-voltage engu-48 volts DC, nakuba amanye amamakrofoni angase adinge i-voltage ephansi. Amandla aqukethwe kukhebula efanayo nesignali yomsindo, okusho ukuthi kudingeka ikhebula eyodwa kuphela ukuxhuma imakrofoni kudivayisi yokurekhoda.
Ungabheka Kanjani Uma Imakrofoni Yakho Idinga Amandla E-Phantom
Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi imakrofoni yakho idinga amandla e-phantom, hlola izicaciso ezinikezwe umenzi. Amamakrofoni amaningi e-condenser adinga amandla e-phantom, kodwa amanye angase abe nebhethri yangaphakathi noma enye indlela yokunikeza amandla etholakalayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola izinga lamandla e-phantom adingwa imakrofoni yakho, njengoba amanye adinga i-voltage ephansi kunaleyo eyaziwa kakhulu ngama-volts angu-48.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwamandla E-Phantom namandla Ebhethri
Nakuba amanye amamakrofoni angase abe nebhethri langaphakathi noma enye indlela yokunikeza amandla etholakalayo, amandla e-phantom ayindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokunika amandla imibhobho ye-condenser. Amandla ebhethri angaba usizo ekusetheni ukurekhoda okuphathekayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuhlola ileveli yebhethri ngaphambi kokurekhoda. Amandla e-Phantom, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayindlela ethembekile futhi engaguquki yokunika amandla imakrofoni yakho.
Ukuqinisa Igiya Lakho Ngobuchule
Ukuthola umsindo ongcono kakhulu ovela kumakrofoni ye-condenser yakho kudinga okungaphezu nje kokuyixhuma nokuyivula. Ukuqonda izici zobuchwepheshe zamandla e-phantom nokuthi ahlobana kanjani nemakrofoni yakho kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Ngolwazi oluningi olutholakalayo, kulula ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko esibalulekile futhi ube uchwepheshe ekuxhumeni nasekunikeni amandla igiya lakho.
Isiphetho
Amamakrofoni e-Condenser namakrofoni e-lavalier kokubili kuhle ezimweni ezihlukene, kodwa uma kuziwa ekurekhodeni umsindo, udinga ukukhetha imakrofoni efanele yomsebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna umbhobho, khumbula ukucabangela uhlobo lomsindo olufunayo, kanye nezidingo zakho ezithile.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
