Umculo we-Blues uyisitayela esiyingqayizivele somculo osekunezizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Yaziwa ngomsindo wayo oncibilikayo kanye nekhono layo lokukwenza uzizwe zonke izinhlobo zemizwa. Kodwa yini eyenza ikhetheke kangaka? Nazi ezinye izici eziyinhloko zomculo we-blues eziwenza ugqame:
- Ukuqhubeka kwe-chord okukhethekile okunikeza umsindo oyingqayizivele
- Ulayini webhesi ehambayo owengeza isigqi se-groovy
- Ucingo nokuphendula phakathi kwezinsimbi
- Ama-dissonant adala umsindo othokozisayo
- Ukuvumelanisa okukugcina ezinzwaneni zakho
- I-Melisma kanye namanothi "aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" ayisicaba anikeza umuzwa we-bluesy
- I-Chromaticism engeza ukunambitheka okuhlukile
Umlando Womculo We-Blues
Umculo weBlues usunamakhulu eminyaka ukhona. Yavela emiphakathini yase-Afrika-yaseMelika eningizimu ye-United States futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ithonywe kakhulu i-jazz, i-gospel, ne-rock and roll. Isitayela somculo esihlala sishintsha futhi siguqulelwe ukuhambisana nezinhlobo namasiko ahlukene.
Izinzuzo Zokulalela Umculo we-Blues
Ukulalela umculo we-blues kungaba yindlela enhle yokuphumula nokukhululeka. Ingakusiza ukuthi usule ingqondo yakho futhi uthintane nemizwa yakho. Kungasiza futhi ukukhulisa ubuhlakani bakho futhi kukukhuthaze ukuthi ubhale noma udale okuthile okusha. Ngakho-ke uma uzizwa udangele noma udinga nje ukucoshwa kancane, kungani ungazami umculo we-blues?
Izisekelo Zefomu Le-Blues
I-12-Bar Scheme
Ifomu le-blues liyiphethini yomculo ejikelezayo esetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka emculweni wase-Afrika nowaseMelika. Konke mayelana nama-chords! Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, umculo we-blues wawungenayo isethi yokuqhubeka. Kodwa njengoba uhlobo luzuza ukuduma, i-blues yamabha angu-12 yaba iyona ehamba phambili.
Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-12-bar blues:
- Isiginesha yesikhathi esingu-4/4.
- Yakhiwe ngamaculo amathathu ahlukene.
- Ama-chords alebulwe ngezinombolo zamaRoma.
- Ichord yokugcina iwukuphenduka okubusayo (V).
- Amagama ezinhlamvu ngokuvamile agcina kubha ye-10 noma ye-11.
- Amabha amabili okugcina awomdlali wezinsimbi.
- Ama-chords avame ukudlalwa ngendlela ye-harmonic yesikhombisa (7th).
UMculo
I-blues imayelana nomculo. Ihlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa kwesicaba sesithathu, sesihlanu nesesikhombisa sesikali esikhulu esihlobene. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukudlala i-blues, kufanele wazi ukuthi uwadlala kanjani la manothi!
Kodwa akukhona nje ngamanothi. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi ungayidlala kanjani i-blues shuffle noma i-walk bass. Yilokhu okunikeza i-blues isigqi sayo esifana ne-trance-call-and-response. Yilokho futhi okudala i inkatho.
Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukufunda kahle ama-blues, kufanele uzilolonge ukushova kwakho nama-bass okuhamba. Kuwukhiye wokudala umuzwa we-bluesy.
The Lyrics
I-blues imayelana nemizwa. Kumayelana nokuzwakalisa ukudabuka kanye ne-melancholy. Imayelana nothando, ingcindezelo kanye nezikhathi ezinzima.
Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukubhala ingoma ye-blues, kufanele ungene kule mizwa. Kufanele usebenzise amasu ezwi njenge-melisma nezindlela zesigqi ezifana ne-syncopation. Kufanele futhi usebenzise insimbi amasu afana nokuklinywa noma ukugoba izintambo zesiginci.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele uxoxe indaba. Kufanele uveze imizwa yakho ngendlela ehambisana nezilaleli zakho. Lokho kuyisihluthulelo sokubhala ingoma enhle ye-blues.
Iyini Idili Ngesikali Se-Blues?
Okuyisisekelo
Uma ubheka ukufaka ama-blues akho, uzodinga ukwazi isikali se-blues. Isilinganiso samanothi ayisithupha esakhiwe isikali se-pentatonic esincane kanye nenothi lesihlanu eliyisicaba. Kukhona nezinguqulo ezinde zesikali se-blues ezengeza ku-chromaticism eyengeziwe, njengokuthambisa amanothi esithathu, esihlanu, nawesikhombisa.
Ifomu le-blues elidume kakhulu i-twelve-bar blues, kodwa abanye abaculi bakhetha ama-blues ayisishiyagalombili noma ayishumi nesithupha. I-twelve-bar blues isebenzisa isisekelo sokuqhubeka kokucula kwe:
- IIII
- IV IV II
- V IV II
Futhi, imvamisa ihambisana nesakhiwo se-AAB samagama ayo, kulapho into edumile yokubiza nokuphendula ingena khona.
I-Subgenres
Njengoba i-blues iye yavela phakathi neminyaka, izale inqwaba yezinhlobo ezingaphansi. Uneblues rock, country blues, Chicago blues, Delta blues, nokuningi.
Iphuzu Eliyinhloko
Ngakho-ke, uma ubheka ukufaka i-groove yakho, uzodinga ukwazi isikali se-blues. Kuyisisekelo seningi lomculo, ukuvumelana, kanye ukuthuthukiswa. Futhi, ikhiqize inqwaba yezinhlobo ezingaphansi, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola isitayela esifanelana kahle nemizwa yakho.
Umlando Othakazelisayo Wama-Blues
Iziqalo
I-blues isinesikhathi eside ikhona, futhi ayiyi ndawo! Konke kwaqala emuva ngo-1908 ngokushicilelwa kwethi “I Got the Blues” ngumculi waseNew Orleans u-Antonio Maggio. Lona bekuwumculo wokuqala owake washicilelwa owawuxhumanisa ukuba ne-blues nefomu lomculo esilaziyo namuhla.
Kodwa imvelaphi yangempela ye-blues ibuyela emuva ngisho nangaphezulu, cishe ngo-1890. Ngeshwa, alukho ulwazi oluningi mayelana nalesi sikhathi ngenxa yokucwaswa ngokobuhlanga kanye nezinga eliphansi lokufunda phakathi kwama-Afrika aseMelika asemaphandleni.
Ama-1900 okuqala
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, imibiko yomculo we-blues yaqala ukuvela eningizimu ye-Texas kanye ne-Deep South. UCharles Peabody ukhulume ngokuvela komculo we-blues eClarksdale, Mississippi, naseGate Thomas babike izingoma ezifanayo eningizimu yeTexas cishe ngo-1901-1902.
Le mibiko ihambisana nezinkumbulo zika-Jelly Roll Morton, uMa Rainey, no-WC Handy, bonke abathi baqala ukuzwa umculo we-blues ngo-1902.
Ukurekhodwa kokuqala okungezona ezentengiso komculo we-blues kwenziwa ngu-Howard W. Odum ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, nakuba lokhu okurekhodiwe manje sekulahlekile. U-Lawrence Gellert waqopha okuthile ngo-1924, futhi uRobert W. Gordon wenzela i-Archive of American Folk Songs of the Library of Congress.
I 1930s
U-John Lomax kanye nendodana yakhe u-Alan benza ithoni yokuqoshwa kwe-blues okungezona ezohwebo ngawo-1930. Lokhu okurekhodiwe kubonisa izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitayela ze-proto-blues, ezifana nabamemezayo kanye nokumemeza kwezindandatho.
Ukuhola UBelly noHenry Thomas nabo benza amarekhodi athile asinikeza amazwibela omculo weblues ngaphambi kuka-1920.
Izizathu Zezenhlalo Nezomnotho
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani i-blues ivele ngenkathi yenza. Kodwa kukholakala ukuthi yaqala ngesikhathi esifanayo noMthetho Wokukhululwa Wango-1863, phakathi kweminyaka yawo-1860 no-1890. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi lapho abantu base-Afrika baseMelika besuka ebugqilini beya ekulimeni ukwabelana, futhi amalunga e-juke ayevela kuyo yonke indawo.
U-Lawrence Levine waphikisa ngokuthi ukuthandwa kwe-blues kuxhunywe nenkululeko esanda kutholwa yabantu base-Afrika baseMelika. Wathi ama-blues abonisa ukugcizelelwa okusha kobuntu ngabanye, kanye nezimfundiso zikaBooker T. Washington.
The Blues in Popular Culture
Ukuvuselelwa Kwesithakazelo
I-blues isinesikhathi eside ikhona, kodwa kwaze kwafika ifilimu ka-1972 ethi Sounder lapho ithola imvuselelo enkulu. U-WC Handy waba ngowokuqala ukukwazisa abantu baseMelika abangebona abamnyama, kwase kuthi u-Taj Mahal noLightnin' Hopkins babhala futhi benza umculo wefilimu oyenze yaduma nakakhulu.
Abafowethu beBlues
Ngo-1980, uDan Aykroyd noJohn Belushi bakhipha ifilimu ethi The Blues Brothers, eyayihlanganisa amagama amakhulu kumculo we-blues, njengoRay Charles, uJames Brown, uCab Calloway, u-Aretha Franklin, noJohn Lee Hooker. Ifilimu yaba yimpumelelo kangangokuthi ibhendi eyayakhelwe yona yahamba, kwathi ngo-1998 bakhipha inkondlo elama, Blues Brothers 2000, eyayihlanganisa abaculi abaningi be-blues, abafana no-BB King, u-Bo Diddley, u-Erykah Badu, u-Eric Clapton, u-Steve Winwood, UCharlie Musselwhite, Blues Traveller, uJimmie Vaughan, noJeff Baxter.
Ukuphromotha kuka-Martin Scorsese
Ngo-2003, uMartin Scorsese wenza umzamo omkhulu wokuthuthukisa i-blues kubabukeli abaningi. Ucele abaqondisi abakhulu ukuthi benze uchungechunge lwama-documentary e-PBS abizwa ngokuthi, The Blues, waphinde wahlanganisa uchungechunge lwama-CD asezingeni eliphezulu ahlanganisa abaculi abakhulu be-blues.
Ukusebenza e-White House
Ngo-2012, i-blues yavezwa esiqeshini se-In Performance at the White House, esiphethwe nguBarack noMichelle Obama. Uhlelo beluhlanganisa imidlalo ka-BB King, uBuddy Guy, uGary Clark Jr., uJeff Beck, uDerek Trucks, uKeb Mo, nabanye.
I-Blues: Isikhathi Esimnandi Esijabulisayo
I-blues ingenye yezinhlobo zomculo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke, futhi isinesikhathi eside ikhona. Kodwa kwaze kwafika ifilimu ka-1972 ethi Sounder lapho yathola imvuselelo enkulu. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Dan Aykroyd no-John Belushi bakhiphe i-movie ethi The Blues Brothers, eyayihlanganisa amagama amakhulu kakhulu emculweni we-blues, futhi u-Martin Scorsese wenza umzamo omkhulu wokukhuthaza i-blues kubabukeli abaningi. Futhi ngo-2012, i-blues yavezwa esiqeshini se-In Performance at the White House, esiphethwe nguBarack noMichelle Obama. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna isikhathi esihle esijabulisayo, i-blues iyindlela yokuhamba!
The Blues: Isaphila futhi Iyakhahlela!
Umlando Omfushane
I-blues isinesikhathi eside ikhona, futhi ayiyi ndawo! Ikhona kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800, futhi isaphila futhi ikahle nanamuhla. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngegama elithi 'Americana', elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza inguqulo yamanje ye-blues. Kuyingxube yazo zonke izinhlobo zomculo wase-US, njengezwe, i-bluegrass, nokuningi.
Isizukulwane Esisha Sabaculi Be-Blues
I-blues isathuthuka, futhi kunesizukulwane esisha sabaculi abaluhlaza laphaya! Sino-Christone “Kingfish” Ingram no-Gary Clark Jr., bobabili abayingxenye yegagasi elisha labaculi be-blues. Bagcina okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphila futhi kukusha, kuyilapho behlonipha okwakudala. Ungalizwa ithonya le-blues emculweni emhlabeni wonke, uma ulalelisisa ngokwanele!
Ngakho-ke, Yini Manje?
Uma ubheka ukungena ku-blues, asikho isikhathi esingcono kunamanje! Kunenhlobonhlobo enkulu yomculo we-blues laphaya, ngakho uqinisekile ukuthi uthola into oyithandayo. Noma ngabe ezakudala zesikole esidala noma i-Americana yesikole esisha, i-blues ilapha ukuhlala!
Umlando Ocebile we-Blues
Umculo Nabaculi
I-blues wuhlobo lomculo osekungamakhulu eminyaka ukhona, futhi usaqhubeka unamandla nanamuhla! Ingxube eyingqayizivele yomculo wesintu wase-Afrika yaseMelika, i-jazz, nezomoya obulokhu uthonya ezinye izinhlobo zomculo kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Akumangalisi ukuthi abanye abaculi abanethonya kunabo bonke, njengo-BB King no-Muddy Waters, bebengabaculi be-blues.
Umsuka weBlues
I-blues inezimpande zayo kumasiko ase-Afrika aseMelika, futhi umthelela wayo ungalandelelwa emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho abantu base-Afrika baseMelika baqala ukusebenzisa i-blues ukuveza imizwa yabo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngendlela eyingqayizivele yesiko labo. I-blues yayivame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokubhikisha ngokumelene nokucindezelwa ababebhekene nakho, futhi kwasakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke elase-United States.
Umthelela weBlues
I-blues ibe nomthelela omkhulu embonini yomculo, futhi isathonya abaculi nanamuhla. Kube ugqozi lwezinhlobo eziningi zomculo, okuhlanganisa i-rock ne-roll, i-jazz, ne-hip hop. I-blues iphinde yatuswa ngokusiza ekulolongeni umsindo womculo odumile ekhulwini lama-20.
Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ulalela izingoma zakho ozithandayo, thatha isikhashana ukwazisa umlando ocebile we-blues nomthelela obe nawo embonini yomculo. Kwazi bani, ungase uzithole usushaya izinyawo zakho kusigqi sengoma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka!
Umehluko
Blues vs Jazz
I-Blues ne-jazz yizitayela zomculo ezimbili ezihlukene eziye zaba khona amakhulu eminyaka. I-Blues iwuhlobo lomculo olugxile kusikompilo lwase-Afrika yaseMelika futhi ibonakala ngamathoni ayo ancibilikayo, abukhali futhi ahamba kancane. Ivamise ukufaka isidlali sesiginci/umculi oyedwa futhi okuqukethwe kwezingoma zengoma kuvamise ukuba okomuntu siqu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Jazz iyisitayela somculo esijabulisa kakhulu futhi esisezingeni eliphezulu elaziwa ngokushwiba nokushwiba, umkhathi ophilayo kanye nomsindo ongalindelekile. Igxile ekuguquguqukeni nasekuthuthukisweni kweqoqo futhi ngokuvamile iwusizo kakhulu. Nakuba i-blues ingabhekwa njengento ye-jazz, i-jazz ayiyona ingxenye yomculo we-blues. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ubusuku bokuthepha izinzwane nomculo ophefumulayo, i-blues iyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Kodwa uma usesimweni sokufuna okuthile okujabulisayo nokujabulisayo, i-jazz iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu.
Blues vs Soul
Umculo we-Southern soul no-blues unomehluko ohlukile. Okokuqala, umculo we-blues unenothi eliyingqayizivele, elaziwa ngokuthi inothi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuvamise ukuba yinothi lesi-5 esicaba kancane esikalini. Umculo we-Soul, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uvame ukuba izikali ezinkulu futhi ukweleta kakhulu isizinda se-jazz emlandweni wawo. I-Soul blues, isitayela somculo we-blues owakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ihlanganisa izici zombili zomculo we-soul nomculo wesimanje wasemadolobheni.
Uma kuziwa emsindweni, i-blues inesilinganiso esincane esidlalwayo ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwe-chord enkulu, kuyilapho umculo womphefumulo ungase ube nezikali ezinkulu. I-Soul blues iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingahlangana kanjani ukuze zenze into entsha neyingqayizivele. Kuyindlela enhle yokuthola okungcono kakhulu kwemihlaba yomibili.
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
