Kusho ukuthini "okusebenzayo" kuma-electronics? Yigama olizwa kakhulu lapho uxoxa nge-electronics, kodwa lisho ukuthini ngempela? Kwezogesi, “okusebenzayo” kusho isekethe noma idivayisi esebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukulawula ukuhamba kukagesi. Ngokungafani nezingxenye ze-passive, izingxenye ezisebenzayo ziqukethe amadivayisi asebenzayo agcina, alawulayo, futhi anikeze ukulawula kokukhulisa amasignali kagesi.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizochaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini "ukusebenza" ku-electronics futhi ngibheke ezinye zezibonelo ezivame kakhulu.
Izifunda Ezisebenzayo: Izindlu Zamandla Ezogesi
Amasekhethi asebenzayo awuhlobo lwesekhethi kagesi equkethe okungenani idivayisi eyodwa esebenzayo, enekhono lokulawula ukuhamba kukagesi. Lawa masekethi anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlinzeka ngamandla, ukukhulisa, nokulawula ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-elekthronikhi.
Izibonelo Zezici Zesekethe Ezisebenzayo
Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zama-elementi esekethe asebenzayo zifaka:
- Transistors
- Diodes
- Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ICs)
- Kwafika ama-generator
- Amadivayisi we-Semiconductor
Indlela Izifunda Ezisebenzayo Ezisebenza Ngayo
Amasekhethi asebenzayo asebenza ngokulawula ukuhamba kukagesi ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi asebenzayo. Lawa madivaysi angasetshenziselwa ukugcina nokusebenzisa amandla kagesi, futhi angasetshenziswa ukunikeza ukukhulisa noma ukulawula kusekethe. Amasekhethi asebenzayo ayakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekugcineni amandla kuma-capacitor kuya ekunikezeni ukwehla kwe-voltage kuma-diode.
I-Active vs Passive Circuits
Amasekhethi asebenzayo ahlukaniswa kusukela kumasekhethi angenzi lutho, angaqukethe noma imaphi amadivaysi asebenzayo. Amasekhethi asetshenziswayo akhiwe ngokuphelele ngezinto ezingenzi lutho, njengezinqamuleli, ama-capacitor, nama-inductors. Nakuba amasekhethi angenzi lutho angagcina futhi ahlakaze amandla, awakwazi ukunikeza ukukhulisa noma ukulawula.
Izicelo Zezifunda Ezisebenzayo
Amasekhethi asebenzayo asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kufaka phakathi:
- Izimpahla zamandla
- Amaplifiers
- Ukuguqulwa kwesignali
- Izinhlelo zokulawula
- Izamukeli zomsakazo nomabonakude
Izingxenye Zesekethe Ezisebenzayo
Amasekhethi asebenzayo angenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
- Transistors
- Diodes
- Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ICs)
- Kwafika ama-generator
- Amadivayisi we-Semiconductor
- Capacitors
- resistors
- Amaphayiphu
Iqhaza Lamadivayisi Asebenzayo Kuziyingi Ezisebenzayo
Amadivayisi asebenzayo anesibopho sokulawula ukuhamba kukagesi kumasekhethi asebenzayo. Lawa madivayisi angasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka ngokukhulisa, ukulawula, nokugcina kusekethe. Amanye amadivayisi asebenzayo afaka:
- Transistors
- Diodes
- Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe (ICs)
- Kwafika ama-generator
- Amadivayisi we-Semiconductor
Umhlaba Oyinkimbinkimbi Weziyingi Ezisebenzayo
Amasekhethi asebenzayo angaba yinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo, anezinhlobonhlobo zezingxenye namadivayisi asebenza ndawonye ukuze anikeze amandla, ukulawula, nokukhulisa. Ukusuka ekugcineni amandla kuma-capacitor kuya ekunikezeni ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kuma-diode, amasekhethi asebenzayo anesibopho semisebenzi eminingi emhlabeni wezogesi.
Izingxenye Ezisebenzayo: Abadlali Abahlakaniphile Kusekethe Kagesi
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo yizici zikagesi ezidinga umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukuze ulawule noma uguqule amasignali kagesi. Lezi zingxenye ziyakwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanje futhi zibhekwa njengezibalulekile ekudaleni izifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokungafani nezingxenye ze-passive, izingxenye ezisebenzayo zingakhiqiza amandla futhi zikwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kukagesi.
Umehluko Phakathi Kwezingxenye Ezisebenzayo Nezingenasici
Umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho ubalulekile. Eminye yomehluko oyinhloko ihlanganisa:
- Izingxenye ezisebenzayo zidinga umthombo wamandla wangaphandle, kuyilapho izingxenye ze-passive zingawufuni.
- Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla, kuyilapho izingxenye ze-passive zingakwazi.
- Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ziyakwazi ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanje, kuyilapho izingxenye ze-passive zilinganiselwe emandleni azo okwenza kanjalo.
Ukubaluleka Kokwazi Nokuqonda Izingxenye Ezisebenzayo
Ukwazi nokuqonda izingxenye ezisebenzayo kubalulekile ekudaleni amasekethe anembile futhi ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesifunda futhi ziguquguquka kakhulu emandleni azo okulawula ukugeleza kwamanje kanye ne-voltage.
Iqhaza Elikhulayo Lezingxenye Ezisebenzayo Emakethe
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ziba zibaluleke kakhulu emakethe. Njengoba isidingo samasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi sikhula, isidingo sezingxenye ezisebenzayo ezinembile nezishintshashintshayo kakhulu siyakhula. Imikhiqizo eminingi nemikhiqizo manje isiyatholakala emakethe, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile kanye namakhono.
Ukhiye wokuthatha
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ziyisici esihlakaniphile nesiguquguquka kakhulu kusekethe kagesi. Bayakwazi ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanje kanye ne-voltage futhi kubalulekile ekudaleni izifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho kubalulekile ekudaleni amasekhethi anembayo futhi aguquguquka kakhulu.
I-Active vs Passive Components: Uyini Umehluko?
Izingxenye ezingenzi lutho ziyizakhi ezingadingi noma yimuphi umthombo wamandla ukuze zisebenze. Bangakwazi ukumunca amandla kumjikelezo kuphela futhi abakwazi ukuletha amandla. Ezinye izibonelo zezingxenye ze-passive zifaka ama-resistor, ama-capacitor, nama-inductors.
Umehluko Oyinhloko: Ukunikezwa kwamandla
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzayo zinganikeza amandla kusekethe, kuyilapho izingxenye ze-passive zingakwazi. Izingxenye ezisebenzayo zisebenzisa umthombo owengeziwe wamandla ukuze zisebenze, kuyilapho izakhi zokwenziwa zingasebenzi.
Izinzuzo ze-Passive Components
Izingxenye ze-Passive nazo zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, kuhlanganise:
- Usayizi omncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezisebenzayo
- Ikhono lokuhlunga izimpawu ezingafuneki (isb ukusebenzisa ama-capacitor njengezihlungi)
- Ikhono lokulinganisa amazinga amanje kanye ne-voltage
Izibonelo Zezingxenye Ezisebenzayo Nezenziwa Kuziyingi
- Izingxenye ezisebenzayo: ama-transistors, ama-amplifiers okusebenza, izilawuli ze-voltage
- Izingxenye ze-Passive: resistors, capacitors, inductors
Ukuklama Izifunda ezinezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingagudluki
Ukudizayina amasekhethi anezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho kudinga ukuqonda umehluko wazo nokuthi zikuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwesekethe. Ezinye izici ezibalulekile zedizayini zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhetha izingxenye ezifanele ngokwezidingo zesekethe
- Ukuxhumanisa izakhi esakhiweni esifanele ukufeza umsebenzi oyifunayo
- Ukusebenzisa izakhi ezengeziwe ezifana nama-transformer ukugcina i-polarity efanele kanye nezinga le-voltage
- Kubandakanya izihlungi zokususa amasiginali nomsindo ongafuneki
Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, yilokho okushiwo okusebenzayo kuma-electronics. Igama elisetshenziswa ukuchaza isekethe esebenzisa idivayisi ekwazi ukulawula ukuhamba kukagesi.
Ungayibona isebenza kuyo yonke into kusukela kokuphakelwa kukagesi kuya kwabamukeli bomsakazo kuya kumasistimu okulawula. Ngakho, manje uyazi!
Futhi funda: le yindlela ama-pickup asebenzayo asebenza ngayo kuziginci
NginguJoost Nusselder, umsunguli we-Neaera kanye nomkhangisi wokuqukethwe, ubaba, futhi ngiyathanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha ngesiginci enhliziyweni yesifiso sami, futhi kanye nethimba lami, bengilokhu ngidala izindatshana zebhulogi ezijulile kusukela ngo-2020. ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngokurekhoda namathiphu esiginci.
