Inyathelo lonke, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi ithoni, lithuba lesibini ngobukhulu elifumaneka emculweni. Zii-semitones ezimbini, okanye isiqingatha-amanyathelo, ububanzi kwaye iqulethe amanqaku amabini e-diatonic Isixa. Eli xesha lokuphumla lifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi zomculo ezahlukeneyo kwaye libalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuyileni iingoma.
Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha Inyathelo Elipheleleyo nazo zonke izinto ezinxulumene nayo.
Inkcazo yenyathelo elipheleleyo
Inyathelo elipheleleyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi 'inqaku elipheleleyo' or 'isibini esikhulu', lithuba lokuphumla emculweni owenziwe ngamanqaku amabini ameleneyo aziisemitones ezimbini (aka isiqingatha amanyathelo) ngaphandle. Ngowona mgama mkhulu onokuwuhamba kwipiyano ngeqhosha elinye ngaphambi kokuba ucofe isitshixo esahlukileyo ukuya phambili kulo naliphi na icala.
Ngokumalunga nezikali eziqhelekileyo, xa unyuka, eli thuba liza kuchaza ukusuka kwinqaku lokuqala ukuya kwigama leleta yesibini kulo naliphi na isikali. Umzekelo, a Inyathelo elipheleleyo ukusuka ku-F liya kuba nguG. Xa isihla yayiza kuchaza ukusuka kwelinye inqaku ukuya kwelinye ngaphantsi kwayo ngokwealfabhethi kwisikali - ukusuka ku-C ukuya ku-B kuya kuthathwa njengenyathelo elipheleleyo lokuhla. Kwiimeko ezininzi, la mathuba aya kuba namagama anobumba afanayo nokuba anyuke okanye ahla kweliphi icala kodwa anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubekweni ngengozi kunye nentshukumo yechromatic phakathi nomxholo wokuqhubeka kwechord okanye izikali ezisetyenziswayo kumculo odlalwayo nangayiphi na indlela. umzuzu.
Ngokwemigaqo yobhalo, amaxesha amaninzi eli khefu libhalwa njengenye amachaphaza amabini emi ecaleni or ichaphaza elinye elikhulu ezidlula omabini la magama oonobumba - athetha into enye kanye emculweni kwaye atshintsha kuphela ngokubukeka njengento elula ukulungiselela iinjongo zokufunda kunye / okanye ukhetho lwesimbo sokubhenela okubonakalayo xa amanqaku ashicilelweyo aboniswa ngexesha leenzame ezithile zomculo ezifana nokuphindaphinda kunye nokuphindaphinda, njl.
Ithetha ukuthini kwiThiyori yoMculo
Kwithiyori yomculo, i inyathelo lonke yindlela yokulinganisa inowuthi ngolandelelwano. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-a ithoni epheleleyo, kwaye ngokusisiseko lithuba lomculo elilingana neesemitones ezimbini. Ngamanye amazwi, lithuba phakathi kweenowuthsi ezimbini ezahlulwe ngamaqhosha amabini kwikhibhodi okanye kwi-fretboard. Inyathelo elipheleleyo lingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iingoma kunye neechords, okanye ukuchonga ukuqhubela phambili kweechord kunye nokuhamba kwe-harmonic.
Masingene nzulu ekuqondeni amanyathelo onke kwithiyori yomculo:
Ikhefu lenyathelo elipheleleyo
Kwithiyori yomculo, i inyathelo lonke lithuba lokuphumla elinobukhulu obuzinyathelo ezimbini ezinesiqingatha (okanye iisemitones). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-a yesibini enkulu, kuba eli khefu lihambelana nobubanzi besibini kwisikali esikhulu. Olu hlobo lwenyathelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-a uhlobo oluthius: iqulethe izitshixo ezimbini ezimnyama kwipiyano.
Inyathelo elipheleleyo lelinye lawona maxesha aqhelekileyo afumaneka kumculo we-harmonic wentshona. Kuba iphindwe kabini ububanzi njengelona xesha lincinci lilandelayo, inqanaba lesiqingatha (okanye isibini esincinci), kubalulekile ukulisebenzisa ukwenza iingoma ezintsonkothileyo kunye neengoma. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba iimvumi zikwazi ukuqaphela kwaye zicule eli xesha ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kweechords kunye nezikali ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Amanqaku ayo ayenzeka ngexesha elinye, ke xa usiva amanqaku amabini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo le nto inokubizwa ngokuba “ithuba"Okanye"kulinda".
Amathuba achazwa ngokobudlelwane bakho obuxhomekeke phakathi kwamanqaku amabini anxulumene nomculo; oku kuthetha ukuba xa uchaza ikhefu lomculo elifana nenyathelo elipheleleyo uthathela ingqalelo ukuba zombini amanqaku aviwa kunye okanye ahlulwe. Umzekelo, ukuba udlala inowuthi enye ilandelwa lelinye inowuthi elahlulwe lixesha elimele inyathelo elipheleleyo ke oku kuyakuthathwa njenge ukunyuka (Okongeziweyo) Inyathelo elipheleleyo lokuphumla; apho ukudlala amanqaku amabini ngaxeshanye kunye nokwandisa amathuba awo ngenyathelo elinye elipheleleyo ukusuka kwiPitch yawo yasekuqaleni kuya kuhlelwa njenge inyuka (Uphindaphinda) Inyathelo elipheleleyo lekhefu (okt 5th – 7th). Ngokufanayo bonke Ukuhla Amanyathelo Amanyathelo ingaziphatha ngendlela efanayo kodwa ngobudlelwane obubuyela umva kuzo zonke iZinyuko, ukuthabatha iNyathelo eliPheleleyo eliLinye endaweni yokuFaka elinye eligcweleyo.
Indlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Emculweni
Kwithiyori yomculo, a inyathelo lonke (ithowuni epheleleyo, okanye umzuzwana omkhulu) lithuba apho kukho iisemitones ezimbini (iifrits kwisiginci) phakathi kweenowuthi. Ngokomzekelo, xa udlala isiginci iifrits kwimitya emibini elandelelanayo iya kuthathwa njengenyathelo elipheleleyo. Kunokuthiwa okufanayo kwizitshixo ezimbini ezimnyama kwipiyano - ezi nazo zibhekwa njengenyathelo elipheleleyo.
Amanyathelo apheleleyo asetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwithiyori yomculo kunye nokwakheka. I-Harmony inokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa izithuba zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka Izinyuko ezisisiqingatha kunye nezinyuko ezipheleleyo. Ngaphaya koko, iingoma zomculo zinokwakhiwa kusetyenziswa ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bezithuba-ezinje ngokutsiba kwindawo yesixhenxe kwiJazz kunye noMculo weClassical okanye amakhefu amancinci kwizitayile zePop/Retro.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ebesenza isandi somculo esebenzisa iziqabu ukusuka isiqingatha-amanyathelo ukuya kwisixhenxe; oku kusenokwenza umdla izingqisho kunye neengoma ezibandakanya zombini iinguqu zexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Ukongeza, iichords zihlala zithembele kakhulu kwilizwi labo ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kokubekwa eyesithathu (enkulu okanye encinci), eyesihlanu neyesixhenxe yakhiwe ukusuka amanyathelo apheleleyo okanye isiqingatha-amanyathelo ukuze udale indibaniselwano ye-harmonic enomdla iimpawu zomculo ezifana iithowuni ezinyovwayo okanye iichords ezixhonyiweyo inokuphononongwa ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kuphela isiqingatha senqanaba lokuphumla phakathi kwamanqaku ngamaxesha onke; ukudala imvakalelo eyongeziweyo yoxinzelelo phantsi kwesandi somculo ngaphandle kokutenxa kude kakhulu kusukelo lokugqibela lwemvisiswano phakathi kwaloo macandelo athile.
Ngokuqonda ukuba kulula kangakanani ukuzulazula ujikeleze izixhobo zekhibhodi usebenzisa kuphela Isiqingatha senqanaba kunye nenqanaba elipheleleyo iintshukumo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa ezifana iintshukumo ezincinci -ukubala iifrets phezulu / phantsi enye ngexesha ngelixa udlala, kuba lula kakhulu kubafundi ukuba baqale ukuqamba iziqwenga ezilula ezinamathela kwimigaqo eye yasekwa kwiinkulungwane ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo indlela Isiqingatha senyathelo/amanyathelo onke nxulumanisa nezikali/izithuba ezithile xa abafundi bezazi ezi ngqikelelo zisisiseko amandla abo okuhlola iindidi ezahlukeneyo ayanda kakhulu!
Imizekelo yamanyathelo apheleleyo kuMculo
Inyathelo elipheleleyo, ekwaziwa njenge "ithoni epheleleyo,” lithuba lomculo eliqelelene ngeesemitone ezimbini (isiqingatha sezinyuko). Amanyathelo apheleleyo adla ngokuba yinxalenye yomculo ephawuleka kakhulu, njengoko ebonisa utshintsho kwisandi esipheleleyo somculo. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha imizekelo ye amanyathelo onke kumculo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni na kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.
Imizekelo kwiZikali eziKhulu
Amanyathelo onke Zizihlandlo zomculo eziquka amanqaku amabini alandelelanayo, aqhubela phambili ngeethowuni ezimbini ezipheleleyo. Xa umamele umculo, uya kuhlala ubachonga iipateni ezinkulu zesikali. Isikali esikhulu siquka amanyathelo asibhozo apheleleyo, ngaphandle kwaphakathi kwenqaku lesithathu nelesine kunye naphakathi kwenqaku lesixhenxe nelesibhozo - apho, uya kufumana isiqingatha amanyathelo. Amanyathelo apheleleyo aqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindidi zomculo ezahlukeneyo njengomculo weklasiki, ijazz, kunye nerock kunye ne-roll.
Indlela elula yokuqonda amanyathelo apheleleyo kukudlala isikali esikhulu kwipiyano okanye isiginci - ukuqala ngalo naliphi na inqaku kwipatheni yesikali seC Major. Umzekelo:
- inqaku lokuqala C (inyathelo lonke ukuya kuD)
- Dinyathelo elipheleleyo ukuya ku-E)
- KUNYE (inyathelo elipheleleyo ukuya kuF)
- F (isiqingatha senyathelo ukuya kuG)
- G(inyathelo elipheleleyo ukuya ku-A)
- A(yonke istepto B)
- B(isiqingatha ukuya ku-C).
Ukuqulunqwa kwesiphumo kwaziwa njenge ukunyuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu -ukuzabalazela iithoni eziphezulu kwiinowuthsi ezi-8 ezilandelelanayo. Ingqikelelo efanayo ingasetyenziswa kusetyenziswa imisayino engundoqo eyahluka-hlukeneyo njenge izikali ezincinci -Khumbula nje ukuba inqaku lesibini ngalinye kufuneka liqhubele phambili liye phezulu ngethoni enye epheleleyo aka enye inyathelo lonke!
Imizekelo kwizikali ezincinci
Kumculo, a inyathelo lonke (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi yesibini enkulu) ichazwa njengethuba leethowuni ezimbini ezilandelelanayo. Eli xesha lokuphumla linqanaba lokwakha ibhloko yeentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomculo, kuquka nezikali ezincinci. Amanqaku akwisikali esincinci adibanisa ukwenza inyathelo elipheleleyo xa inqaku elinye liqhubela phambili ngeethowuni ezimbini kwisikali endaweni yesinye.
Ulandelelwano lwamanyathelo apheleleyo kunye nesiqingatha samanyathelo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesikali esincinci sivelisa isandi saso esikhethekileyo, kodwa zonke izikali ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka amanyathelo amabini apheleleyo kunye nesiqingatha sesibini phakathi kwazo. Ukucacisa le ngcamango ngokucacileyo, nantsi imizekelo yezikali ezincinci eziqhelekileyo ezibonisa indlela ikhefu elibonakala ngayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zomculo:
- Isikali esiNcinci seNdalo: ABCDEFGA – Kulo mzekelo, kukho izibini ezimbini zamanyathelo apheleleyo alandelelanayo ngentla A eyenza isikali esincinci sendalo; kulandela u-A ukuya ku-B no-D ukuya ku-E.
- IHarmonic Minor Scale: ABCDEFG#A – Isikali esincinci se-harmonic sibonisa amanyathelo amathathu alandelelanayo kwicandelo elinye; igquma F ukuya G# ngqo phambi kokufikelela kwithowuni yokugqibela ka-A.
- Isikali esiNcinci se-Melodic: AB-(C)-D-(E)-F-(G)-A – Olu hlobo lwesikali esincinci lubandakanya kuphela izibini ezimbini ezipheleleyo zamanyathelo apheleleyo phakathi kweendawo zokuqala nezokugqibela; ukusuka ku-B ukuya ku-C ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-E no-G ngaphambi kokuqukumbela ngenqaku elithi “ikhaya” elithi A. Ukongezelela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba xa usuka kwicala usiya phezulu, zombini iithowuni u-C no-E zinyuka nje ngesinye. Isiqingatha senyathelo endaweni yethowuni epheleleyo ngeenjongo zomculo.
isiphelo
Ekugqibeleni, ukuqonda amanyathelo onke (okanye iithoni ezipheleleyo) yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yethiyori yomculo. Amanyathelo apheleleyo akunceda ukuba wenze izikhewu ezinkulu zeengoma kwaye anokukunceda ukuba wakhe ukuqhubela phambili kwechord. Ukwazi iziseko zamanyathelo apheleleyo kunokukunceda ukuba uyile, udlale, kwaye ulungelelanise umculo ngempumelelo.
Isishwankathelo senyathelo elipheleleyo kuMculo
Inyathelo elipheleleyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi yesibini enkulu, lelinye lawona maxesha abalulekileyo omculo onokuwafunda. Kumculo waseNtshona, eli xesha lokuphumla laziwa njengesemitone kwaye lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukwenza iingoma kunye neengoma. Inyathelo elipheleleyo linokuchazwa njengomgama phakathi kweenowuthsi ezimbini kwikhibhodi yepiyano enesiqingatha sesibini sokuqelelana. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ubeka umnwe wakho ku-C ophakathi uze uwunyuse unyuse amanye amaqhosha amabini amnyama kwi-pitch, iya kuthathwa njengenyathelo elipheleleyo.
Ukubaluleka kwenyathelo lonke kukukwazi ukwenza intshukumo ye-harmonic phakathi kwezitshixo ezahlukeneyo okanye iichords. Eli xesha lokuphumla liqulethe iimpawu ezityebileyo zethoni kwaye livelisa iindinyana zomculo ezinamandla xa zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. Xa idityaniswe namanye amakhefu ezifana isiqingatha-amanyathelo kunye nesithathu, iimvumi zinokwenza iimotifs ezizodwa okanye iingoma ezipheleleyo zisebenzisa imidibaniso entsonkothileyo yesikali kunye neechords.
Amanyathelo apheleleyo akwabalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba njani utshintsho isebenza kwithiyori yomculo - ingcamango yokuba nayiphi na inqaku elinikiweyo okanye i-chord kuyo nayiphi na isignesha engundoqo inokushenxiswa inyathelo elinye elipheleleyo phezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngaphandle kokutshintsha umgangatho wayo ongundoqo okanye isandi. Ukuqonda indlela yokuqaphela eli khefu akuyi kukunceda ukuba uqonde ithiyori yomculo ngcono kodwa kukwenze kube lula kuwe xa kuziwa ekudlaleni nasekubhaleni umculo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
