I-UHF Icacisiwe: Yintoni i-UHF kwaye Isebenza Njani?

molo apho ndiyathanda ukwenza umxholo wasimahla ogcwele iingcebiso zabafundi bam, wena. Andiyamkeli inkxaso-mali ehlawulweyo, uluvo lwam lolwam, kodwa ukuba ufumana iingcebiso zam ziluncedo kwaye ekugqibeleni uthenge into oyithandayo ngenye yamakhonkco am, ndingafumana ikhomishini ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo kuwe. Funda nzulu

Yintoni uhf? Usenokuba ukhe wayiva ngaphambili kwaye wazibuza ukuba yintoni na.

I-Ultra high frequency (UHF) luphawu lwe-ITU amaza kanomathotholo kuluhlu oluphakathi kwe-300 MHz kunye ne-3 GHz, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-decimetre band njengobude be-wavelengths ukusuka kwi-decimetres enye ukuya kwishumi. Amaza onomathotholo anamaza omoya ngaphezulu kwebhendi ye-UHF awela kwi-SHF (i-high-high frequency) okanye uluhlu lwamaza osasazo e-microwave. Iimpawu ezisezantsi ziwela kwi-VHF (i-frequency ephezulu kakhulu) okanye iibhendi ezisezantsi. Amaza kanomathotholo e-UHF asasaza ubukhulu becala ngomgca wokubona; bavalwe iinduli kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu nangona ukuhanjiswa ngeendonga zesakhiwo kuphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze kungenelwe ngaphakathi. Zisetyenziselwa usasazo lukamabonakude, iifowuni ezingenazintambo, ii-walkie-talkies, iinkonzo zikanomathotholo zomntu zonxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, iiselfowuni kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi. I-IEEE ichaza ibhendi yerada ye-UHF njengezandi ezisuka kuma-300 MHz kunye ne-1 GHz. Ezinye iibhendi ezimbini zerada ze-IEEE ziwelana kwibhendi ye-ITU UHF: ibhendi ye-L phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 GHz kunye nebhendi ye-S phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 GHz.

Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-uhf, isebenza njani, kunye nolunye usetyenziso lwayo. Ngoko, masiqalise!

Iimpawu zokusasazwa kwe-UHF yamaza eRadio

Iimpawu zokusasaza zibhekisa kwindlela amaza kanomathotholo ahamba ngayo emoyeni kwaye anxibelelane nokusingqongileyo. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kubalulekile ekuyileni nasekusebenzeni wireless iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ngempumelelo.

Ahamba njani amaza e-UHF?

Amaza e-UHF, njengawo onke amaza erediyo, ahamba emoyeni ngesantya sokukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo namaza asezantsi e-HF, amaza e-UHF awabonakalisi yi-ionosphere kwaye ke ngoko anqunyelwe kunxibelelwano lomgca wokubona. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaza e-UHF anokuhamba kuphela kumgca othe ngqo kwaye athintelwe yimiqobo efana nezakhiwo, iinduli kunye nemithi.

Amandla kunye neempawu zoMqulu

Amaza e-UHF anamandla amancinci kunye nevolumu xa kuthelekiswa namaza amaza asezantsi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iisignali ze-UHF azikwazi kungena kwimiqobo kwaye zisesichengeni sokuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo ezingenazingcingo ezisebenza kwibhendi yefrikhwensi enye.

Tshayela umjelo kunye neempawu zokuphindaphinda

Amaza e-UHF aneshaneli encinci yokutshayela kunye neempawu zokuphindaphinda. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziteshi ze-UHF zimxinwa kwaye zinokuxhasa kuphela i-bandwidth encinci. Ngenxa yoko, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ze-UHF ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lomntu kunye nokwabelwana ngalo, olunje nge-walkie-talkies, iimayikhrofoni ezingenazingcingo, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula kude.

Antennas

Ii-eriyali zizixhobo ezenza ukuhanjiswa kunye nokwamkela imiqondiso. Zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha imiqondiso kwimigama emide, kwizakhiwo, nakwimiqobo ejikeleze imiqobo. Ii-antenna zisebenza ngokuguqula imiqondiso yombane ibe ngamaza e-electromagnetic and vice versa. Imiqondiso ithwalwa emoyeni, kwaye i-eriyali iyazifumana okanye izidlulise.

Iindidi zee-Antenna

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-eriyali ezikhoyo kwimarike, kwaye nganye ilungiselelwe injongo ethile. Ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zee-eriyali zezi:

Ii-eriyali ze-Omnidirectional: Ezi eriyali zisasaza kwaye zifumana imiqondiso kuwo onke amacala. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukusasaza imiqondiso kamabonakude neyerediyo.

Ii-eriyali eziMkhombandlela: Ezi eriyali zithumela kwaye zifumana imiqondiso kwicala elithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lweselula kunye nakwiisetingi apho umqondiso onamandla ufuneka.

I-Dipole Antennas: Ezi eriyali zilula kwaye kulula ukuseta. Zidla ngokufunyanwa kuluhlu oluncinci lwezenzululwazi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa nokufumana imiqondiso kumgama omfutshane.

Ii-eriyali zeDish: Ezi eriyali zisebenzisa i-parabolic reflector ukwandisa inzuzo ye-eriyali. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi kunye nakwiisetingi apho umqondiso onamandla ufuneka.

UHF vs. VHF Iimpondo

Ukhetho phakathi kwe-eriyali ye-UHF kunye ne-VHF ixhomekeke kubuninzi bomqondiso kunye noluhlu olufunekayo. Ii-eriyali ze-UHF zinobude obufutshane obufutshane kwaye zikulungele kangcono ukuthwala imiqondiso kumgama omfutshane. Ii-eriyali ze-VHF zinobude obude kwaye zikulungele kangcono ukuthwala imiqondiso kumgama omde.

Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-antenna

Izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-eriyali, kubandakanya:

Ukuphakama kwe-eriyali: I-eriyali ephezulu iya kwenza ukuba i-antenna ifumaneke ngcono kwaye idlulise.

I-engile ye-eriyali: I-engile ye-eriyali inokuchaphazela ithuba lokuphazamiseka kunye nomgangatho wesignali.

Uvakalelo lwe-eriyali: I-eriyali enovakalelo ngakumbi iya kwenza ulwamkelo olungcono lomqondiso.

Amandla ophawu: Uphawu olunamandla ngakumbi luya kwenza ukuhanjiswa komqondiso okungcono.

Umgca wokubonwayo: I-eriyali idinga umgca ocacileyo wokubona kwinqaba ethumelayo okanye eyamkelekileyo.

Ulungiselelo: I-eriyali ifuna ukusetwa kwindawo echanekileyo ukuze ikwazi ukuhambisa isignali ecacileyo kunye nolwamkelo.

Umxholo wamanzi emoyeni: Amanzi anokuphazamisa umqondiso kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho womqondiso.

Ukuzuza kwe-Antenna kunye ne-dB

Ukuzuza kwe-antenna ngumlinganiselo wokunyuka kwamandla omqondiso obonelelwa yi-eriyali. Ilinganiswa ngeedecibels (dB). I-eriyali yenzuzo ephezulu iya kubonelela ngophawu olungcono kune-eriyali yenzuzo esezantsi.

Iindlela ezilula kunye neDuplex

Imodi ye-Simplex yindlela yokunxibelelana apho umqondiso uhanjiswa kwaye ufunyenwe kwi-frequency efanayo. Imowudi yeDuplex yindlela yonxibelelwano apho umqondiso uthunyelwa kwaye ufunyenwe kwiifrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo.

Ii-Antenna eziphindaphindayo

Ii-eriyali eziphindaphindayo zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa uluhlu lophawu. Bafumana umqondiso obuthathaka kwaye bawudlulisele kwakhona kumandla aphezulu ukwandisa uluhlu lwesignali.

izicelo

I-UHF isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ngaphezulu kweVHF. Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-UHF kunxibelelwano zezi:

Ukhuseleko loluntu: I-UHF isetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lokhuseleko loluntu, kubandakanya amapolisa, umlilo, kunye neenkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo. I-UHF ivumela unxibelelwano olufutshane, olulungele iindawo zasezidolophini apho izakhiwo zinokuthi zithintele iimpawu. Iisistim zerediyo ezine-trunked zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvumela ii-arhente ezininzi ukuba zabelane ngamatshaneli amaza afanayo.
Iiselfowuni: Ii-Frequencies ze-UHF zisetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni, kuquka iinethiwekhi ze-GSM ne-UMTS. Ezi nethiwekhi zivumela ukuhanjiswa kwelizwi kunye nedatha, kunye neenkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokuthumela imiyalezo kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi.
Iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo: I-UHF isetyenziswa kuthungelwano olungenazingcingo, kubandakanya iWi-Fi kunye neBluetooth. Ezi nethiwekhi zivumela izixhobo ukuba ziqhagamshelwe ngaphandle kwemfuneko yeentambo okanye iintambo.
Unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi: I-UHF isetyenziselwa unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi, kuquka iGPS kunye neefowuni zesathelayithi. Ezi zixhobo zivumela unxibelelwano kwiindawo ezikude apho iindlela zonxibelelwano eziqhelekileyo zisenokungafumaneki.

Ukusasazwa

I-UHF ikwasetyenziswa kusasazo, kubandakanywa umabonakude kunye nonomathotholo. Ezinye zezinto eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwe-UHF kusasazo zezi:

Umabonwakude: I-UHF isetyenziselwa usasazo lukamabonakude lwedijithali, oluvumela umgangatho ophezulu kunye namajelo amaninzi kunosasazo lwe-analog. I-UHF ikwasetyenziselwa usasazo lwe-high-definition kamabonakude (HDTV).
Irediyo: I-UHF isetyenziselwa unomathotholo ongaqhelekanga, okwabizwa ngokuba ngunomathotholo we-ham. Oku kuvumela unxibelelwano phakathi kwabaqhubi berediyo abangasebenziyo abasebenzisa iifrikhwensi ze-UHF. I-UHF ikwasetyenziselwa iifowuni ezingenazintambo kunye ne-DECT (i-Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) iifowuni.

Umkhosi kunye noRhulumente

I-UHF isetyenziswa ngumkhosi kunye norhulumente ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

Unxibelelwano olusekelwe kumhlaba: I-UHF isetyenziselwa unxibelelwano olusekelwe kumhlaba, kubandakanywa unxibelelwano phakathi kweziseko zomkhosi kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente.
I-Radar kunye nokulandela umkhondo: I-UHF isetyenziselwa iirada kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela, kubandakanya iteknoloji ye-stealth.
Unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi: I-UHF isetyenziselwa unxibelelwano ngesathelayithi ngumkhosi kunye norhulumente.

Ezinye iiNkqubo

I-UHF inezinye izicelo ezininzi, eziquka:

Iirediyo zobuqu: I-UHF isetyenziswa koonomathotholo bobuqu, kubandakanywa ii-walkie-talkies kunye noonomathotholo abasebenzisa iindlela ezimbini. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yangaphandle efana nokukhempisha kunye nokuhamba.
Izixhobo zeKhompyutha: I-UHF isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zekhompyutha, kuquka iithegi zeRFID (iRadio Frequency Identification) kunye nezixhobo ze-NFC (Near Field Communication).
Ii-eriyali: Ii-eriyali ze-UHF zisetyenziselwa ukuthumela nokufumana iimpawu ze-UHF. Ezi eriyali zifumaneka ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo, kubandakanywa ii-eriyali eziphathwayo kunye nesiseko sesikhululo.
Ukwabiwa kwakhona kwe-Spectrum: Iifrikhwensi ze-UHF zabiwa ngokutsha ukuze kufezekiswe imfuno yespectrum eyongezelelweyo yeenkonzo ezingenazingcingo. Oku kuquka ukuhla kwemfuno yosasazo lwe-UHF kunye nokusetyenziswa okugqibeleleyo kwe-UHF kwiinkonzo zebroadband engenazingcingo.

I-UHF kunye ne-VHF: Ngubani oZisebenzisayo?

Phambi kokuba sizijule ekubeni ngubani osebenzisa iifrikhwensi ze-UHF kunye ne-VHF, masiqonde ngokukhawuleza ukuba ziyintoni na. I-UHF imele i-Ultra High Frequency, kwaye i-VHF imele iFrekhwensi ePhezulu kakhulu. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini luhlu lwamaza asebenza kuwo. Iirediyo ze-UHF zisebenza kuluhlu lwe-400-512 MHz, ngelixa ii-VHF zerediyo zisebenza kuluhlu lwe-136-174 MHz. Uluhlu lwefrikhwensi luchaphazela uluhlu lwesignali kunye nokukwazi ukungena kweerediyo.

Ngubani osebenzisa iirediyo ze-UHF?

Abasebenzi bokwakha: Iirediyo ze-UHF ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokwakha ngenxa yokukwazi ukungena ngezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Zikwalungile ekunxibelelaneni kwindawo enengxolo.
Imizi-mveliso: Oonomathotholo be-UHF basetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso efana neyokuvelisa, ezothutho, kunye nolungiselelo. Zikulungele ukunxibelelana ngaphakathi kwendawo enkulu kwaye zenzelwe ukumelana nemekobume enzima.
Iinkonzo zoluntu: Oonomathotholo be-UHF baqhele ukusetyenziswa ziinkonzo zoluntu ezifana namapolisa, umlilo, kunye neenkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo. Banikezela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo kuneerediyo zeVHF.
Iinkonzo zorhwebo: Oonomathotholo be-UHF bakwasetyenziswa ziinkonzo zorhwebo ezifana neevenkile kunye neendawo zokutyela. Zihlangene kwaye kulula ukuzithwala, zizenza zilungele unxibelelwano ngaphakathi kwendawo encinci.

Nguwuphi Ofanele Ukhethe?

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni phakathi koonomathotholo be-UHF kunye neVHF, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

Uluhlu lweSiginali: Iirediyo ze-UHF zibonelela ngoluhlu olufutshane kodwa amandla okungena angcono, ngelixa iirediyo zeVHF zibonelela ngoluhlu olude kodwa zinokuba nobunzima bokungena ngezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo.
Ubomi bebhetri: Iirediyo ze-UHF zidla ngokufuna isayizi yebhetri encinci kwaye zibonelela ngobomi obude bebhetri kunonomathotholo beVHF.
Ixabiso: Iirediyo ze-UHF zihlala zibiza kakhulu kunerediyo ze-VHF ngenxa yoluhlu lwazo oluphezulu kunye nokwakhiwa.
Iimfuno ezithile: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, unokufumanisa ukuba olunye uhlobo lukanomathotholo lukulungele kangcono kunolunye.

Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi koonomathotholo be-UHF kunye ne-VHF kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzi owenzayo kunye neendawo osebenza kuzo.

Ukukhetha phakathi kweVHF kunye ne-UHF Frequencies

Iifrikhwensi ze-VHF zibonelela nge-bandwidth ebanzi, okuthetha ukuba banokuhambisa idatha eninzi ngexesha elinye.
Iifrikhwensi ze-VHF zikulungele ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwangaphandle kunye nokusebenza kumgama omde.
Iifrikhwensi ze-VHF azithandeki kangako ekuphazamisekeni kwezinye izixhobo.
Iirediyo zeVHF zibonelela ngemiqondiso ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zikulungele ukusebenza kwiindawo ezivulekileyo.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke unayo, i-uhf imele i-Ultra High Frequency kwaye isetyenziselwa unxibelelwano lukanomathotholo. Ilungile kunxibelelwano lobuqu kunye nokwabelwana ngalo, kodwa ayilunganga kangako kwimiqondiso yoluhlu olude. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho ezinye iifrikhwensi zaloo nto. Ngoko, ngoku uyazi!

NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.

Ndijonge kwiYouTube apho ndizama khona zonke ezi zixhobo:

Bhlisa