Ii-electronics ze-Solid-state zezo zisekethe okanye izixhobo ezakhiwe ngokupheleleyo kwizinto eziqinileyo kwaye apho ii-electron, okanye ezinye izithwali zentlawulo, zivalelwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli eyomeleleyo.
Eli gama lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukuchasana nobuchwepheshe bangaphambili bezixhobo ze-vacuum kunye ne-gas-discharge tube kwaye ikwaqhelekile ukungabandakanyi izixhobo ze-electro-mechanical (i-relays, iiswitshi, ii-hard drives kunye nezinye izixhobo ezineengxenye ezihambayo) ukusuka kwigama elithi isimo esiqinileyo.
Ngelixa i-solid-state inokubandakanya i-crystalline, i-polycrystalline kunye ne-amorphous solids kwaye ibhekiselele kwii-conductor zombane, i-insulators kunye ne-semiconductors, izinto zokwakha zihlala ziyi-crystalline semiconductor.
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-slid-state ziquka i-transistors, i-microprocessor chips, kunye ne-RAM.
Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-RAM ebizwa ngokuba yi-flash RAM isetyenziswa kwii-flash drives kwaye, kutsha nje, i-slid state drives ukubuyisela iidrive zediskhi ezijikelezayo ngoomatshini.
Umthamo omkhulu wentshukumo ye-electromagnetic kunye ne-quantum-mechanical eyenzekayo kwisixhobo.
Inkcazo yaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwi-1950 kunye ne-1960s, ngexesha lokutshintsha ukusuka kwitekhnoloji ye-vacuum tube ukuya kwi-semiconductor diode kunye ne-transistors.
Ngoku kutshanje, i-circuit edibeneyo (IC), i-diode-emitting diode (i-LED), kunye ne-liquid-crystal display (LCD) iye yavela njengemizekelo eyongezelelweyo yezixhobo eziqinileyo.
Kwicandelo le-slid-state, i-current ivalelwe kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye neekhompawundi ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuyitshintsha kunye nokukhulisa.
Ukuqukuqela kwangoku kunokuqondwa ngokweendlela ezimbini: njengee-electron ezichajiwe kakubi, kunye neziphene ze-electron ezichajiwe kakuhle ezibizwa ngokuba yimingxuma.
Isixhobo sokuqala sobume belizwe elomeleleyo yayisisixhobo sokujonga iwhisker yekati, esaqala ukusetyenziswa ngoo-1930s izamkeli zikanomathotholo.
Ucingo olufana ne-whisker lubekwe kancinci xa ludibana nekristale eqinileyo (efana nekristale yegermanium) ukuze kubonwe isignali yerediyo ngesiphumo sokuhlangana.
Isixhobo se-slid-state sangena ngokwaso ngokusungulwa kwe-transistor ngo-1947.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
