Unokwazi malunga neereyithingi zerediyo, kodwa ngaba uyazi kakuhle ukuba ziyintoni na?
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo luluhlu lwamaza ombane asetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, kwaye asingqongile. Awunakuzibona, kodwa zibuchwephesha obunika amandla oonomathotholo bethu, oomabonakude, iiselfowuni, nokunye.
Kwesi sikhokelo, siza kuthetha malunga nokuba zeziphi iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, zisebenza njani, kwaye zisetyenziswa njani.
Ziziphi iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo?
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) ngamaza ombane ombane ajikelezayo ngesantya sombane otshintshayo kunye nombane, okwenza umhlaba wemagnethi kunye nombane.
Zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuxhobiseni izixhobo zombane ukuhambisa idatha. RF amaza ukusuka kwi-20 kHz ukuya kwi-300 GHz, kunye nomda ongaphezulu ziifrikhwekhwekhwe zeaudio kunye nomda osezantsi ongamaza nge-infrared.
Amandla eRF asetyenziselwa ukwenza amaza erediyo, anokusetyenziswa kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Imisinga yeRF ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza zahluke kumbane othe ngqo. Umsinga otshintshayo womsindo osezantsi unezandi ezingama-60 Hz, kwaye usetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ombane. Imisinga yeRF, nangona kunjalo, inokungena nzulu kwizikhondatha zombane, kwaye ithande ukuqukuqela umphezulu, into eyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yesikhumba.
Xa imisinga yeRF igalelwa emzimbeni, inokubangela ukuva okubuhlungu kunye nokufinyela kwemisipha, kunye nokothuka kombane. Imisinga ye-RF nayo inamandla okwenza i-ionize emoyeni, idala indlela yokuqhuba. Le propati ixhatshazwa kwiiyunithi eziphezulu zefrikhwensi yombane we-arc welding. Imisinga yeRF inokusetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, njengoko ukukwazi kwabo ukubonakala kuhamba kwiindledlana eziqulethe imathiriyeli yokugquma njenge-dielectric insulator okanye i-capacitor izenza zilungele le njongo. I-RF yangoku inotyekelo lokubonisa ukungaqhubeki kwintambo okanye izihlanganisi, okubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba ngamaza amileyo. Ukuthintela oku, umsinga we-RF udla ngokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngeentambo zothumelo okanye iintambo ze-coaxial. I-radio spectrum yohlulwe yangamaqela, anamagama aqhelekileyo atyunjwe yi-International Telecommunication Union (ITU). I-RF isetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zonxibelelwano, ezifana nee-transmitter, abamkeli, iikhompyutha, oomabonakude, kunye neeselfowuni. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zangoku zecarrier, kubandakanywa ucingo kunye neesekethe zokulawula, kunye ne-MOS iteknoloji yesekethe edibeneyo. I-RF ikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango, ezifana ne-radiofrequency ablation kunye ne-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Izixhobo zovavanyo lweefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ziquka izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zomgangatho osezantsi woluhlu, kunye neefrikhwensi eziphezulu zifuna izixhobo zovavanyo ezizodwa.
Ithini imbali yeefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo?
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo bezikho kangangeenkulungwane, kodwa akuzange kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 apho zasetyenziselwa unxibelelwano. Ngo-1895, uGuglielmo Marconi, umqambi wase-Italiya, wabonisa uthungelwano lwetelegraphy olungenamgama olude oluyimpumelelo. Oku kwaphawula ukuqala kokusetyenziswa kwamaza kanomathotholo kunxibelelwano. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zazisetyenziselwa ukusasaza ilizwi nomculo. Isikhululo sikanomathotholo sokuqala sezorhwebo sasekwa ngo-1920 eDetroit, eMichigan. Oku kwalandelwa kukusekwa kwezinye izikhululo zikanomathotholo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ngeminyaka yoo-1930, usasazo lokuqala lukamabonakude lwaqalisa ukusebenzisa amaza kanomathotholo. Oku kwavumela abantu ukuba babukele iinkqubo zikamabonwakude emakhayeni abo. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zazisetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiyalezo eneekhowudi phakathi kwamajoni. Ngeminyaka yee-1950, isathelayithi yokuqala yaziswa emajukujukwini, yaza yasebenzisa amaza kanomathotholo ukusasaza imiqondiso. Oku kwavumela ukusasazwa kwemiqondiso kamabonakude kwiindawo ezikude. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, iiselfowuni zokuqala zaphuhliswa, kwaye zasebenzisa iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ukuhambisa ilizwi kunye nedatha. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, iifowuni zokuqala ezingenazintambo zaphuhliswa, kwaye zasebenzisa amaza onomathotholo ukuhambisa imiqondiso. Oku kwavumela abantu ukuba benze iminxeba ngaphandle kwesidingo sentambo. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, iinethiwekhi zokuqala zeselula zasekwa, kwaye zasebenzisa iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ukuhambisa ilizwi kunye nedatha. Namhlanje, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya unxibelelwano, ukuhamba, kunye nokuzonwabisa. Zisetyenziswa kwiiselfowuni, kumabonakude wesathelayithi, kunye ne-intanethi engenazingcingo. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zihambe umgama omde ukusukela oko wasasazwa nguMarconi okokuqala, kwaye zisaqhubeka ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu.
Iindidi zeRadio Frequencies: kHz, GHz, RF
Njengam, ndiza kuxoxa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwemihla ngemihla, izibonelelo kunye nemingeni yokusebenza nabo, izicelo zabo zexesha elizayo, kunye nefuthe labo kokusingqongileyo, emkhosini, unxibelelwano, ishishini kunye nempilo. Siza kujonga kwakhona indima yeefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo kwindawo nganye kwezi.
Ukusetyenziswa kweMihla yonke koonomathotholo: umabonakude, iiselfowuni, iiKhompyutha
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) ngamaza ombane ombane ahamba emoyeni ngesantya sokukhanya. Zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla, njengomabonwakude, iiselfowuni kunye neekhompyuter. Amaza eRF anoluhlu olubanzi lwee-frequencies, ukusuka kwi-20 kHz ukuya kwi-300 GHz.
Isiphelo esisezantsi soluhlu sisetyenziselwa i-audio frequencies, ngelixa isiphelo esiphezulu sisetyenziselwa i-infrared frequencies. Amaza eRF asetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, njengokuwelda i-arc yombane, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kunye nokungena kwezikhondatha zombane. Zisenokusetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, njengoko zinokuguqulwa zibe sisibane sikanomathotholo kunye namaza esandi. Amaza eRF anokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubude bobude kunye nobuninzi. Ukusebenzisa amaza eRF kunokuzisa imiceli mngeni ethile, enje ngamaza amileyo, isiphumo solusu, kunye nokutsha kweRF. Amaza amileyo enzeka xa imisinga yeRF ihamba kwintambo yothumelo ize ibonakale ngasemva, ibangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba ngamaza amileyo. Isiphumo solusu sisiqhelo semisinga yeRF yokugqobhoza nzulu kwiiconductors zombane, ngelixa ukutsha kweRF kukutsha okungaphezulu okubangelwa kukufakwa kwemisinga yeRF emzimbeni. Ikamva lamaza eRF liyathembisa, ngophuhliso lweenkqubo zangoku zokuthwala, iteknoloji yesekethe ehlanganisiweyo, kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Amaza eRF akwasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwamaza kanomathotholo kwaye asetyenziswa emkhosini ukutyunjwa kwamaza kanomathotholo. Amaza eRF anoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwishishini, njengefoni, iisekethe zolawulo, kunye neMRI. Zikwanazo neempembelelo zempilo, njengoko zinokubangela ukothuka kombane, iintlungu, utyando lombane, kunye nokukhutshwa kweradiofrequency ablation. Ngokubanzi, amaza eRF ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi banamhlanje, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwawo kuyanda. Zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zemihla ngemihla, kwaye izicelo zabo ezinokubakho zikhula kuphela. Zivelisa ucelomngeni oluthile, kodwa iingenelo zazo ziyodlula lee ingozi.
Izibonelelo zokuSebenzisa iiFrequency zeRadio: Ukuwelda kweArc yoMbane, ukuSasazwa koMbane, ukuNgenelwa kweeConductor zoMbane
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ngamaza e-electromagnetic asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla. Zilinganiswa nge-kilohertz (kHz), igigahertz (GHz), kunye nefrikhwensi yerediyo (RF). Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zineenzuzo ezininzi, ezinje ngokusetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-arc yombane, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kunye nokukwazi ukungena kwii-conductor zombane. Umbane we-arc welding yinkqubo esebenzisa i-high-frequency currents ukwenza i-arc yombane phakathi kweentsimbi ezimbini. Le arc inyibilikisa isinyithi kwaye ivumela ukuba idityaniswe kunye. Ukusasazwa kombane kusebenzisa imisinga yeRF ukuhamba ngee-dielectric insulators kunye ne-capacitors, evumela ukuba umbane usasazwe kumgama omde.
Imisinga yeRF ikwanako nokungena nzulu kwiiconductors zombane, eziluncedo ekulawuleni amandla ombane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni ethile xa usebenza ngeefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo. Amaza amileyo enzeka xa imisinga yeRF iqhutywa ngeentambo zombane eziqhelekileyo, kwaye anokubangela uphazamiseko kukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso. Umphumo wolusu ngomnye umngeni, njengoko imisinga yeRF efakwa emzimbeni inokubangela ukuva okubuhlungu kunye nokufinyela kwemisipha.
Ukutsha kweRF nakho kunokuthi kwenzeke, okukukutsha okungaphezulu okubangelwa kukuyokwenziwa komoya. Ikamva lamaza kanomathotholo lijongeka liqaqambile, njengoko zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zangoku zokuthwala, itekhnoloji yesekethe edibeneyo, kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Le teknoloji inempembelelo enkulu kwindalo, njengoko i-ionization yomoya inokudala indlela eqhubayo enokuba yingozi ebantwini nakwizilwanyana. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo nazo zinendima enkulu emkhosini, njengoko zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula irediyo kwiibhendi zamaza omoya kunye nokuchonga ukutyunjwa kwamaza e-NATO kunye ne-EU. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo nazo zinempembelelo enkulu kunxibelelwano, njengoko zinokusetyenziselwa ukuguqula ukukhanya kwerediyo kunye namaza esandi abe ngamaza obude kunye neefrikhwensi. Okokugqibela, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zikwasetyenziswa kwishishini lomnxeba, iisekethe zolawulo, kunye neMRI. Zikwanazo neempembelelo zempilo, njengoko umothuko wombane kunye neentlungu zinokubangelwa yimisinga yeRF, kwaye i-electrosurgery kunye ne-radiofrequency ablation ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza. Ngokubanzi, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu, kwaye zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda, ukuhambisa amandla, unxibelelwano, kunye nonyango. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, ukusetyenziswa kwamaza kanomathotholo kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi.
Imingeni yokuSebenza ngeRadio Frequencies: Amaza amileyo, i-Skin Effect, i-RF Burns
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zii-oscillations zombane zenkqubo yomatshini, ukusuka kwi-20 kHz ukuya kuma-300 GHz. Olu luhlu lweefrikhwensi luqikelelwa ukuba ngumda ongaphezulu weefrikhwensi zesandi kunye nomda osezantsi we-infrared frequencies. Imisinga yeRF ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ekwabelwana ngazo nomsinga othe ngqo, kodwa isandi esisezantsi esitshintshayo sangoku.
Kuma-60 Hz, umsinga osetyenziswayo ukusasaza amandla ombane, imisinga yeRF inokukhanya esithubeni ngohlobo lwamaza erediyo. Imithombo eyahlukeneyo ichaza imida eyahlukileyo ephezulu kunye nesezantsi yoluhlu lwamaza. Imisinga yombane ehamba kwizandi zerediyo isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Imisinga yeRF inokungena nzulu kwiikhondakhtha zombane kwaye ithande ukuqukuqela kumphezulu, owaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yolusu. Xa imisinga yeRF igalelwa emzimbeni, inokubangela uvelwano olubuhlungu kunye nokufinyela kwemisipha, okanye ukothuka kombane.
Imisinga yefrikhwensi esezantsi inokuvelisa i-depolarization yeenwebu zemithambo-luvo, yenze imisinga yeRF ingabi nabungozi ngokubanzi kwaye ingakwazi ukwenza ukwenzakala kwangaphakathi okanye ukutsha okungaphaya, okwaziwa njengokutsha kweRF. I-RF yangoku inepropathi yokukwazi ukwenza i-ionize emoyeni, ukudala indlela yokuqhuba. Le propati ixhatshazwa kwiiyunithi eziphezulu zefrikhwensi yombane we-arc welding. Imisinga yeRF inokusetyenziselwa usasazo lwamandla, njengoko ukukwazi kweRF yangoku kubonakala ngathi ihamba kwiindledlana eziqulathe imathiriyeli yokugquma, njenge-dielectric insulator okanye i-capacitor, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-capacitive reactance.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-RF current ivalwe yikhoyili okanye ukujika okukodwa kocingo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-inductive reactance. Njengoko i-frequency inyuka, i-capacitive reactance iyancipha, kwaye i-inductive reactance iyanda. Oku kuthetha ukuba umsinga weRF unokuqhutywa ngeentambo zombane eziqhelekileyo, kodwa utyekelo lwayo lokubonisa ukungaqhubeki kwintambo, njengezihlanganisi, kunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba ngamaza amileyo.
I-RF yangoku iphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ngeentambo zothumelo kunye neentambo ze-coaxial. I-radio spectrum yohlulwe yangamaqela, anamagama aqhelekileyo atyunjwe yi-International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Iifrikhwensi ezingaphantsi kwe-1 GHz ziqhele ukubizwa ngokuba zii-microwaves, kwaye iifrikhwensi eziphakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-300 GHz zichongwa njengamaza emilimitha. Izikhundla zebhendi ezineenkcukacha zinikwe ngokwemigangatho ye-IEEE yeleta-band frequency ukutyunjwa, kunye ne-NATO kunye ne-EU yokutyunjwa rhoqo.
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ezifana nee-transmitter, abamkeli, iikhompyutha, oomabonakude, kunye neeselfowuni eziphathwayo, kwaye zikwasetyenziswa kwiisistim zangoku zokuthwala, kubandakanywa umnxeba kunye neesekethe zolawulo. Ngokwanda kwangoku kwezixhobo zothungelwano ngeentambo zerediyo, njengeeselfowuni, amandla eRF asetyenziswa kakhulu nangakumbi kwizicelo zonyango, ezifana nokukhutshwa kweradiofrequency ablation. IMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ikwasebenzisa amaza kanomathotholo ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba womntu.
Izixhobo zovavanyo lweefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ziquka izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zomgangatho osezantsi woluhlu, kunye neefrikhwensi eziphezulu zifuna izixhobo zovavanyo ezizodwa.
Ikamva leeNxibelelwano zikanomathotholo: IiNkqubo zangoku zeCarrier, iTekhnoloji yeSekethe eDityanisiweyo, uQhagamshelwano olungenazingcingo
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) ngamaza ombane asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kumabonakude kunye neeselfowuni ukuya kwiikhompyuter kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Amaza eRF aveliswa ngokutshintshana kombane kunye nombane, kwaye aneempawu ezikhethekileyo eziwenza abe luncedo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Imisinga yeRF inokungena nzulu kwiikhondakhtha zombane, kwaye ithande ukuqukuqela kumphezulu weeconductors, ezaziwa njengesiphumo solusu.
Xa imisinga yeRF igalelwa emzimbeni, inokubangela ukuva okubuhlungu kunye nokufinyela kwemisipha, kunye nokothuka kombane. Imisinga yefrikhwensi esezantsi inokuvelisa i-depolarization ye-nerve membranes, enokuba yingozi kwaye ibangele ukwenzakala kwangaphakathi okanye ukutshisa okungaphaya, okwaziwa njengokutsha kweRF. Imisinga yeRF ikwanazo nesakhono sokwenza i-ayoni yomoya, idale indlela yokuqhuba enokuthi isetyenziswe kwiiyunithi zamaza ombane aphezulu ezifana ne-arc welding yombane. Imisinga yeRF isenokusetyenziswa ekusasazeni amandla, njengoko inokubonakala ihamba kwiindledlana eziqulathe imathiriyeli yokugquma njengezithinteli zombane kunye neecapacitors. Le propati yaziwa njenge-capacitive reactance, kwaye iyancipha njengoko i-frequency inyuka.
Ngokwahlukileyo, imisinga yeRF ivalwe ngeekhoyili kunye neengcingo ngokujika okukodwa, ngenxa yokusabela kwe-inductive, okunyuka ngokunyuka kwamaza. Imisinga yeRF inokuqhutywa ngeentambo zombane eziqhelekileyo, kodwa zikholisa ukubonakalisa ukungaqhubeki kwintambo, njengezihlanganisi, nokubuyela kumthombo, okubangela imeko eyaziwa ngokuba ngamaza amileyo. Imisinga ye-RF inokuqhutywa ngokufanelekileyo ngeentambo zothumelo kunye neentambo ze-coaxial, kwaye i-radio spectrum yahlulwe yangamaqela anamagama aqhelekileyo atyunjwe yi-International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Iifrikhwensi ezisuka kwi-1-30 GHz zibizwa ngokwesiqhelo ii-microwaves, kwaye iinkcukacha ezithe kratya zebhendi zinikwa ngokwemigangatho ye-IEEE inobumba-ibhendi yokutyunjwa kwamaza kunye ne-EU/NATO yokutyunjwa kwamaza. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ezifana nee-transmitters kunye nezamkeli, kwanakwiikhompyutha, koomabonakude kunye neeselfowuni. Imisinga yeRF ikwasetyenziswa kwiisistim ezisebenza ngoku, kuqukwa neesekethi zomnxeba kunye nolawulo, kwaye itekhnoloji yesekethe ehlanganisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukudala ukwanda kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo zerediyo, ezinjengeeselfowuni. Ukongeza, amandla eRF asetyenziswa kwizinto zonyango, ezinje ngeradiofrequency ablation, kunye nemagnethi imaging (MRI) isebenzisa amaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba womntu. Izixhobo zovavanyo ezisebenzisa iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ziquka izixhobo ezisemgangathweni ekupheleni koluhlu, kunye neefrikhwensi eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokubanzi, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ukuya kwizicelo zonyango, kwaye zibonelela ngoluhlu lwezibonelelo kunye nemingeni. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, ukusetyenziswa kweefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwande ngakumbi.
Impembelelo yeRadio Frequencies kwimo engqongileyo: Iionization of Air, Radio Wave Pollution
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) ziziza zombane ezitshintshanayo kunye neevoltheji ezenza imimandla ye-electromagnetic. Ezi ndawo zisetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla, ezinje ngoomabonakude, iiselfowuni, kunye neekhompyuter. I-RF inoluhlu olubanzi lwezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kubandakanywa ukuwelda kwe-arc yombane, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kunye nokungena kwezikhondatha zombane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza ne-RF kunokuzisa imiceli mngeni ethile, efana namaza amileyo, isiphumo solusu, kunye nokutsha kweRF. Ukusetyenziswa kweRF kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kokusingqongileyo. Enye yezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo yi-ionization yomoya, eyenzeka xa imisinga yeRF ifakwa emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela ukuva kabuhlungu kunye nokuqhawuka kwezihlunu, kunye nokothuka kombane kunye nokutshisa okungaphaya okwaziwa njengokutsha kweRF.
Ukongeza, iRF inokubangela ungcoliseko lwamaza erediyo, anokuphazamisana nezinye iisignali zikanomathotholo kwaye iphazamise unxibelelwano. Umkhosi usebenzisa iRF, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokukwazi ukungena nzulu kwizikhondatha zombane. Oku kubavumela ukuba basebenzise i-radio spectrum ngeenjongo zonxibelelwano kunye nokucupha. Bakwasebenzisa ukutyunjwa kwamaza, okufana neManyano yoNxibelelwano lweZizwe ngezizwe (ITU) kunye nokutyunjwa kwamaza e-NATO, ukuchonga iibhendi ezahlukeneyo zamaza. Kwishishini, iRF isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngefoni, iisekethe zolawulo, kunye nokucinga kwemagnethi yeresonance (MRI). I-RF ikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango, ezifana ne-electrosurgery scalpels kunye ne-radiofrequency ablation. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa i-RF ukusika kunye ne-cauterize inyama ngaphandle kwesidingo se-scalpel. Ekugqibeleni, iRF inokuba nefuthe kwimpilo. Imisinga yefrikhwensi ephantsi inokubangela ukothuka kombane kunye neentlungu, ngelixa amaza omoya aphezulu anokubangela ukulimala kwangaphakathi. Ukongeza, iRF inokubangela ukutsha kweRF, okukukutsha okungaphezulu okubangelwa yiionization yomoya. Ukuqukumbela, iRF inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, ukusuka ekuxhobiseni izixhobo zemihla ngemihla ukuya kwizicelo zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo, emkhosini, ishishini kunye nempilo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuzazi iingozi ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa iRF kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko.
Indima yeRadio Frequencies eMkhosini: I-Radio Spectrum, ukutyunjwa okuphindaphindiweyo
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo luhlobo lwamandla ombane anokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya unxibelelwano, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezonyango. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisusela kwi-20 kHz ukuya kwi-300 GHz, isiphelo esisezantsi soluhlu sisetyenziselwa amaza omsindo kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu sisetyenziselwa i-infrared frequencies. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kumabonakude, iiselfowuni, kunye neekhompyuter. Iifrikhwensi zerediyo zineenzuzo ezininzi, njengokukwazi ukungena kwii-conductor zombane, ezisetyenziswa kwi-welding ye-arc yombane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Kwakhona banakho ukubonakala behamba ngeendlela eziqulethe izinto ezikhuselayo, ezifana ne-capacitors kunye ne-dielectric insulators. Le propati isetyenziswe kwiiyunithi eziphezulu ze-frequency ze-arc welding yombane. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho imingeni eyayanyaniswa nokusebenza ngamaza kanomathotholo. Amaza amileyo, isiphumo solusu, kunye nokutsha kweRF zonke zingenzeka xa usebenzisa amaza erediyo. Amaza amileyo ayenzeka xa umsinga uvalwe ngekhoyili okanye ngocingo, kwaye ukutsha kweRF kunokwenzeka xa umsinga usetyenziswa emzimbeni. Emkhosini, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokunxibelelana, ukuhamba, kunye nokucupha. I-spectrum yerediyo yahlulwe yangamaqela, kunye nebhendi nganye ine-designation ethile yefrikhwensi. Olu bizo lusetyenziswa rhoqo yi-NATO, i-EU, kunye ne-International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zikwasetyenziswa kushishino, njengokufowuna, iisekhethi zolawulo, kunye nemagnethi yokujonga iresonance imaging (MRI). Zikwasetyenziswa nakwiinkqubo zonyango, ezinjengokothuka kombane, ukuthomalalisa iintlungu, utyando lombane, kunye nokukhutshwa kweradiofrequency ablation. Okokugqibela, iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zinokuba nempembelelo kokusingqongileyo, njengokwenza i-ioning yomoya kunye nokubangela ungcoliseko lwamaza kanomathotholo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela imingcipheko enokubakho eyayanyaniswa neefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi.
Impembelelo yeRadio Frequencies kuNxibelelwano: Ukukhanya kweRadiyo kunye noGuquko lwamaza oMzandi, ubude beMaza kunye nokuQhosha
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo luhlobo lwamandla ombane anokusetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisusela kwi-20 kHz ukuya kuma-300 GHz, umda ongentla ube ziifrikhwekhwekhwekhwe zeaudio kunye nomlinganiselo osezantsi ongamaza nge-infrared. La maza asetyenziswa ukwenza imisinga yombane ejikelezayo ephuma emoyeni njengamaza erediyo.
Imithombo eyahlukeneyo inokuxela imida ephezulu nasezantsi eyahlukeneyo yoluhlu lwamaza. Imisinga yombane ejikelezayo kumaza erediyo aneempawu ezikhethekileyo ezingabelwananga ngokutshintshana kwamaza ombane akhoyo okanye asezantsi. Umzekelo, imisinga yeRF inokungena nzulu kwiikhondakhtha zombane kwaye ithande ukuqukuqela kumphezulu, okwaziwa njengesiphumo solusu. Xa imisinga yeRF igalelwa emzimbeni, inokubangela ukuva okubuhlungu kunye nokufinyela kwemisipha, kunye nokothuka kombane.
Imisinga yefrikhwensi esezantsi nayo inokuvelisa ezi ziphumo, kodwa imisinga yeRF idla ngokungabi nabungozi kwaye ayibangeli ukwenzakala kwangaphakathi okanye ukutshisa okungaphaya, okwaziwa njengokutsha kweRF. Imisinga ye-RF nayo inamandla okwenza i-ionize emoyeni ngokulula, idala indlela yokuqhuba. Le propati ixhatshazwa kwiiyunithi eziphezulu zefrikhwensi yombane we-arc welding. Imisinga ye-RF inokusetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, njengoko inamandla okubonakala ihamba kwiindlela eziqulethe izinto ezikhuselayo, ezifana ne-dielectric insulator okanye i-capacitor.
Oku kwaziwa njenge-capacitive reactance, kwaye iyancipha njengoko i-frequency inyuka. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imisinga yeRF ivalwe yicoil yocingo okanye ukujika okukodwa kocingo olugobileyo, olwaziwa ngokuba yi-inductive reactance. Oku kwandisa njengoko i-frequency inyuka. Imisinga ye-RF idla ngokuqhutywa ngeentambo zombane eziqhelekileyo, kodwa zityekele ekuboniseni ukungaqhubeki kwintambo, njengezihlanganisi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umsinga uhambe ubuyela kumthombo, kubangele imeko eyaziwa ngokuba ngamaza amileyo. Imisinga yeRF inokuqhutywa ngokufanelekileyo ngeentambo zothumelo kunye neentambo ze-coaxial.
I-radio spectrum yohlulwe yangamaqela, kwaye la anikwa amagama aqhelekileyo yi-International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zemihla ngemihla, njengezithutha, abamkeli, iikhompyutha, oomabonakude, kunye neeselfowuni. Zikwasetyenziswa kwiisistim zecarrier zangoku, kubandakanywa imfonomfono kunye neesekethe zolawulo, nakwi-Mos iteknoloji yesekethe edibeneyo. Ukwanda okukhoyo ngoku kwezixhobo zerediyo zonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, ezifana neeselfowuni, kukhokelele kwinani lezicelo zonyango zamandla kanomathotholo, kubandakanywa unyango lwe-diathermy kunye ne-hyperthermy yomhlaza, i-electrosurgery scalpels ukusika kunye nokwenza imisebenzi, kunye nokuchithwa kwe-radiofrequency ablation.
IMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ikwasebenzisa amaza kanomathotholo ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba womntu. Izixhobo zovavanyo lweefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ziquka izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zomgangatho osezantsi woluhlu, kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zovavanyo lweefrikhwensi eziphezulu. Xa usebenza ngeRF, isixhobo esikhethekileyo sihlala sifuneka, kwaye iRF ihlala ibhekisa ku-oscillation yombane. Iinkqubo ze-RF zoomatshini aziqhelekanga, kodwa kukho oomatshini Iifayile kunye ne-RF MEMS.
UCurtis kunye noThomas 'Stanley High Frequency Apparatus: Ulwakhiwo kunye neSicelo esiSebenzayo, epapashwe yiNkampani ye-Everyday Mechanics kwi-1891, inika inkcazo ecacileyo yokusetyenziswa kweRF kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Indima yeRadio Frequencies kwiShishini: I-Telephony, iiSekethe zoLawulo, i-MRI
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) ziziza zombane ezitshintshanayo okanye iivoltheji ezidala indawo yombane wombane. Zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, ukusuka kwizinto zemihla ngemihla ezifana nomabonakude kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo, ukuya kusetyenziso olukhethekileyo olufana ne-arc welding yombane kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Iifrikhwensi zeRF zinoluhlu lwama-20 kHz ukuya kuma-300 GHz, kunye nesiphelo esisezantsi soluhlu lweefrikhwensi zeaudio kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu yi-infrared frequencies. Imisinga yeRF ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza zibe luncedo kushishino. Ngokomzekelo, banokungena ngokunzulu kwii-conductor zombane, ezivumela ukuba zisetyenziswe kwi-telephony kunye neesekethe zokulawula. Zisenokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zonyango ezinje ngeMRI, esebenzisa amaza kanomathotholo ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba womntu.
Imisinga yeRF isenokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zovavanyo zamaza omoya aphezulu, nakwiisistim zangoku zokuthwala itekhnoloji yesekethe ehlanganisiweyo kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza ngeefrikhwensi zeRF kunokuba ngumngeni. Umzekelo, imisinga yeRF ikholisa ukubonisa ukungaqhubeki kwiintambo kunye nezihlanganisi, idala imeko ebizwa ngokuba ngamaza amileyo. Kwakhona banepropati yokuba babonakale behamba ngeendlela eziqulethe izinto ezikhuselayo, ezifana ne-dielectric insulator okanye i-capacitor.
Le propati ixhatshazwa kwiiyunithi eziphezulu zefrikhwensi yombane we-arc welding. Ukongeza, xa imisinga yeRF isetyenziswa emzimbeni, inokubangela ukuva okubuhlungu kunye nokufinyela kwemisipha, kunye nokothuka kombane. Imisinga yefrikhwensi esezantsi inokuvelisa umonzakalo wangaphakathi kunye nokutsha okungaphaya, okwaziwa njengokutsha kweRF. Iifrikhwensi zeRF zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kushishino, ukusuka kwimfonomfono kunye neesekethe zolawulo ukuya kwiMRI kunye nobuchwepheshe besekethe obudibeneyo. Ngoxa zinokuba yingenelo, zisenokuba yingozi, yaye kufuneka kunyanyekelwe xa usebenza nazo. Ngokwanda kwangoku kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo zerediyo, ezinjengeeselfowuni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ubungozi obunokubakho kunye noncedo lweefrikhwensi zeRF.
Iimpembelelo zeRadio Frequences kwiMpilo: Ukothuka koMbane, iintlungu, utyando lombane, ukuchithwa kweRadifrequency.
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) ngamaza ombane asetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kunxibelelwano ukuya kunyango lwezonyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo zahlulahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: kHz, GHz, kunye neRF. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamaza luneempawu zalo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye neempembelelo zempilo ezinokuthi zibe khona. Iifrikhwensi zeKHz zisetyenziselwa usetyenziso lweaudio, olufana nonomathotholo nomabonakude. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, njengoko zinokungena kwii-conductor zombane. Iifrikhwensi zeGHz zisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, olufana neeselfowuni kunye neekhompyuter.
Zikwasetyenziselwa unyango lwezonyango, olufana ne-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Iifrikhwensi zeRF zisetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-arc yombane kunye ne-radiofrequency ablation, unyango lwezonyango olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza. Ukusetyenziswa kweefrikhwensi zeRF kunokuba neempembelelo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga empilweni. Umzekelo, amaza omoya asezantsi anokubangela ukothuka kombane kunye nokuziva kubuhlungu, ngelixa amaza omoya aphezulu anokubangela ukutsha okungaphaya okwaziwa njengokutsha kweRF. Ukongeza, imisinga ye-RF inokwenza i-ioni yomoya ngokulula, idale indlela yokuqhuba enokuthi isetyenziselwe ukuwelda i-arc yombane.
Nangona kunjalo, le propati ifanayo inokukhokelela kungcoliseko lwamaza kanomathotholo. Okokugqibela, iifrikhwensi zeRF zisetyenziswa emkhosini kwizandi zerediyo kunye nokutyunjwa kwamaza. Zikwasetyenziswa kwishishini lefoni, iisekethe zolawulo, kunye neMRI. Ukongeza, zisetyenziselwa ukuguqula ukukhanya kwerediyo kunye namaza esandi abe yi-wavelength kunye ne-frequency. Lilonke, amaza eRF anoluhlu olubanzi losetyenziso, ukusuka kunxibelelwano ukuya kunyango lwezonyango. Banokuba neempembelelo ezilungileyo kunye nezibi kwimpilo, kuxhomekeke kubuninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetyenziswa kweefrikhwensi zeRF kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwande ngakumbi.
Ukungafani
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo vs microcurrent
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo (RF) kunye ne-microcurrents ziindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zamandla ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ngelixa zombini zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kombane, ziyahluka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, amandla kunye nemiphumo emzimbeni. I-RF luhlobo oluphezulu lwamandla, ludla ngokuqala ukusuka kwi-20 kHz ukuya kwi-300 GHz, ngelixa i-microcurrents iphantsi, idla ngokusuka kwi-0.5
Hz ukuya kwi-1MHz. I-RF isetyenziselwa usasazo lukanomathotholo, umabonakude, kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, ngelixa ii-microcurrents zisetyenziswa kunyango kunye nokuvuselela umbane. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweRF kunye ne-microcurrent kukuphindaphinda kwazo. I-RF luhlobo oluphezulu lwamandla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokungena nzulu emzimbeni kwaye ibangele iziphumo ezinamandla ngakumbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ii-microcurrents ziphantsi rhoqo kwaye zinokungena kuphela kumphezulu womzimba, zibenze bangabi namandla.
I-RF iyakwazi ukubangela ukuva okubuhlungu kunye nokuxhuzula kwemisipha, ngelixa ii-microcurrents zingenabungozi. Omnye umahluko phakathi kweRF kunye ne-microcurrent ngamandla azo. I-RF inamandla kakhulu kune-microcurrent, kwaye inokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa isixa esikhulu samandla kumgama omde. I-Microcurrents, kwelinye icala, ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kuphela usetyenziso olufutshane.
I-RF inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo zombane, ngelixa i-microcurrents inqabile ukwenza oko. Ekugqibeleni, iziphumo zeRF kunye ne-microcurrent emzimbeni zahlukile. I-RF inokubangela ukutsha, ukothuka kombane, kunye nokwenzakala ngaphakathi, ngelixa ii-microcurrents zingenabungozi. I-RF inokuphinda i-ionize umoya, idale indlela yokuqhuba, ngelixa i-microcurrents ayikwazi. Lilonke, iRF kunye ne-microcurrent ziindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zamandla ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. I-RF luhlobo lwamandla oluphezulu olunamandla ngakumbi kwaye lunokubangela iziphumo ezibi emzimbeni, ngelixa ii-microcurrents zingamaza aphantsi kwaye azinabungozi.
FAQ malunga nokuza kwerediyo
Zisetyenziselwa ntoni iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo?
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kunxibelelwano ukuya kukuhanjiswa kwamandla. Iintlobo zamaza erediyo ziyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, ezinye iifrikhwensi zisetyenziselwa unxibelelwano, ngelixa ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbane. Irediyo yerediyo inokuba neziphumo ezahlukeneyo ebantwini, kuxhomekeke kubuninzi kunye namandla ophawu.
Amaza kanomathotholo asezantsi anokungena nzulu emzimbeni, ebangela ukuva kabuhlungu okanye ukufinyela kwemisipha, ngelixa amaza erediyo efrikhwensi ephezulu enokubangela ukutsha okungaphaya okubizwa ngokuba kukutsha kweRF. Imisinga yeRF inokusetyenziselwa iinkqubo zonyango ezifana ne-diathermy, hyperthermy, kunye ne-radiofrequency ablation. IMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ikwasebenzisa amaza kanomathotholo ukwenza imifanekiso yomzimba womntu. Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwezi zihloko zithathu kusetyenziso lweefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo. Zisetyenziselwa ntoni iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo? ijolise kusetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lweefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, ezinjengonxibelelwano kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla. Zeziphi iintlobo zamaza kanomathotholo? ijolise kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaza kanomathotholo, afana nalawo asetyenziselwa unxibelelwano kunye nalawo asetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbane.
Okokugqibela, Wenza ntoni amaza kanomathotholo ebantwini? igxile kwiziphumo zerediyo rhoqo ebantwini, ezinje ngokubakho kweentlungu okanye ukutshisa.
Zenza ntoni iifrikhwensi eziphezulu kwingqondo?
Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu zineempembelelo ezininzi kwingqondo. Iifrikhwensi ezisezantsi, ezifana nezo zifumaneka kumaza omsindo, zinokuba neziphumo zokuthomalalisa ingqondo, ngelixa iifrikhwensi eziphezulu, ezifana nezo zifumaneka kwiifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, zinokuba neziphumo ezikhuthazayo. Iifrikhwensi ezisezantsi zinokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukuphucula ukulala, kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu.
Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu, kwelinye icala, zinokubangela ukuphaphama, ukugxila okwandisiweyo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo. Iifrikhwensi ezisezantsi nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphembelela ukuphumla kunye nokunciphisa ixhala. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iibhithi ze-binaural, ezizizandi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezidlalwa ngaxeshanye kwindlebe nganye. Ingqondo emva koko iqhuba amaza amabini kwaye idale i-frequency yesithathu, umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
Esi sihlandlo sesithathu sisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukuphumla. Iifrikhwensi eziphezulu, nangona kunjalo, zinokusetyenziswa ukuvuselela ingqondo. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amaza erediyo, angamaza ombane anokungena kukhakhayi aze avuselele ingqondo. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukunyusa ukuphaphama, ukugxila, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo.
Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zinokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezithile zonyango, ezinjengokudakumba kunye nesifo sikaParkinson. Ukuqukumbela, amaza aphantsi anokuba neziphumo zokuthomalalisa ingqondo, ngelixa iifrikhwensi eziphezulu zinokuba neziphumo ezikhuthazayo. Iifrikhwensi ezisezantsi zingasetyenziselwa ukuphembelela ukuphumla kunye nokunciphisa ixhala, ngelixa amaza aphezulu angasetyenziselwa ukuvuselela ingqondo kunye nokunyanga iimeko ezithile zonyango.
Ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo
1. Amaza: Amaza ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeefrikhwensi zikanomathotholo, njengoko eyindlela ehamba ngayo amaza erediyo. Amaza aza ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengamaza esandi, amaza okukhanya namaza kanomathotholo.
Amaza kanomathotholo luhlobo lwamaza olusetyenziswa ukusasaza amaza erediyo. Zenziwe ngamandla ombane kunye nemagnethi ajikeleza kumaza ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukuthwala imiqondiso yerediyo.
2. Ulwabiwo lwe-Spectrum: Ulwabiwo lwe-Spectrum yinkqubo yokwabela iifrikhwensi zerediyo ezahlukeneyo kubasebenzisi abohlukeneyo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo azixinana kwaye umsebenzisi ngamnye unokufikelela kumaxesha afunekayo.
Ulwabiwo lwe-Spectrum yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi ngamnye kunye nokuphazamiseka okunokuthi kwenzeke phakathi kweefrikhwensi ezahlukeneyo.
3. IRadi yoMbane: Imitha yemitha ye-Electromagnetic ngamandla aveliswa ngamaza erediyo. La mandla enziwe ngamandla ombane kunye nemagnethi ahamba ngesantya sokukhanya.
Imitha ye-electromagnetic inokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya unxibelelwano, ukuhamba, kunye nonyango.
4. Unxibelelwano: Unxibelelwano lolona setyenziso lubalulekileyo lwezandi zerediyo. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zisetyenziselwa ukusasaza idatha, efana nelizwi kunye nevidiyo, ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye.
Le datha ke ifunyenwe ngumamkeli, ochaza umqondiso kwaye uyithumele kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo zikwasetyenziswa kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, njenge-Wi-Fi kunye neBluetooth, evumela izixhobo ukuba ziqhagamshelane ngaphandle kwesidingo seentambo. Amaza: Amaza ziziphazamiso ezihamba emajukujukwini nakwimo yamandla. Zenziwa ngumthombo ongcangcazelayo kwaye zinokuba ngumatshini okanye i-electromagnetic. Ukuphindaphinda kwamaza linani lamaxesha ajikajika ngawo ngomzuzwana, kwaye alinganiswa nge-hertz (Hz).
Ubude bobude ngumgama ophakathi kweencopho ezimbini ezilandelelanayo okanye iinqanawa zamaza, kwaye ulinganiswa ngeemitha (m). Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo luhlobo lwamaza ombane ane-frequency phakathi kwe-3 kHz kunye ne-300 GHz. Ulwabiwo lweSpectrum: Ulwabiwo lweSpectrum yinkqubo yokwabela amaza omoya kusetyenziso olwahlukileyo. Kwenziwa ngoorhulumente okanye amanye amaqumrhu olawulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo ziyafikelela kumaza osasazo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka phakathi kweenkonzo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-spectrum isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
5. I-Electromagnetic Spectrum: I-electromagnetic spectrum luluhlu lwazo zonke iifrikhwensi ezinokubakho zemitha ye-electromagnetic. Iifrikhwensi zikanomathotholo ziyinxalenye yale spectrum kwaye zidla ngokufumaneka phakathi kwe-3 kHz kunye ne-300 GHz.
Imitha yemitha ye-electromagnetic isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya unomathotholo, umabonwakude, kunye nonxibelelwano lweselula. Ingasetyenziselwa umfanekiso wezonyango kunye nezinye izicelo.
6. I-eriyali: I-eriyali sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukusasaza nokufumana amaza erediyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngeentsimbi zentsimbi okanye iingcingo ezicwangciswe ngendlela ethile.
Ii-eriyali zinokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa kunye nokufumana imiqondiso evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye nomabonwakude, iinethiwekhi zeselula kunye neesathelayithi.
7. I-Radio Wave Propagation: Ukusasazwa kwamaza erediyo yinkqubo amaza kanomathotholo ahamba ngayo kwiatmosfera. Amaza kanomathotholo achatshazelwa yimekobume, kuquka iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma nezinye izinto.
Ukusasazwa kwamaza kanomathotholo yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni uluhlu kunye nomgangatho wosasazo lukanomathotholo.
8. IziThuthi zerediyo: Isixhobo sokuhambisa irediyo sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukusasaza iisignali zerediyo. Ngokwesiqhelo siquka i-eriyali, umthombo wamandla, kunye nemodyuli.
Izixhobo zokusasaza zikanomathotholo zisetyenziselwa ukuthumela ulwazi kumgama omde, njengosasazo lukanomathotholo nomabonakude. Zikwasetyenziswa kwiinethiwekhi zeselula, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
NdinguJoost Nusselder, umseki weNeaera kunye nomthengisi womxholo, utata, kwaye ndiyakuthanda ukuzama izixhobo ezitsha ngesiginkci entliziyweni yothando lwam, kunye neqela lam, ndisenza amanqaku eblogi anzulu ukusukela ngo-2020. ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngokurekhoda kunye neengcebiso zesiginci.
